1、Designation: F2994 13 An American National StandardStandard Practice forUtilization of Mobile, Automated Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP)Impregnation Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the impreg-nation of 4 to 48 in (10
3、0 to 1200 mm) diameter cured-in-placepipe utilizing mobile, automated systems. Temporary impreg-nation facilities set up at the jobsite (“over-the-hole” wet outs)are not covered under this standard. Once resin saturation iscomplete, the wet out liner is then used to rehabilitate existinggravity flow
4、 or pressure pipelines, process piping, electricalconduits or ventilation systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3
5、 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docu
6、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD5813 Specification for Cured-In-Place ThermosettingResin Sewer Piping SystemsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by the Inversion a
7、nd Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 certificate of analysis (COA), nDocu
8、mented evi-dence of the quality control testing performed on the resin andcatalyst formulations. As a minimum, the COA shall includethe product name; batch number; date of manufacture; name,address and phone number of manufacturer; test methods; testlimits and actual results.3.2.2 CIPP automation, n
9、The use of PLCs and HMIs tocontrol the operation of a mobile impregnation unit. As aminimum, the following functions shall be controlled andmonitored by the CIPP automation process: Operating speedand pressure of resin and catalyst pumps; resin and catalysttemperature, mixing ratio, tank levels, uti
10、lization, recirculationand dispense; vacuum pump operation; calibration roller speed,direction and gap setting. Data from all installations shall beelectronically stored on an internal memory device integratedinto the HMI and shall be downloadable to an external storagedevice for project quality ass
11、urance recordkeeping. The datastored shall at a minimum include: project name, identificationnumber and location; date and time of processing wet out;CIPP liner diameter, thickness and length; and resin andcatalyst temperatures and volumes utilized. Additional datarecorded may include the calibratio
12、n roller distance, gapsetting and roller speed.3.2.3 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), na hollow cylindercontaining a nonwoven or a woven material, or a combinationof nonwoven and woven material surrounded by a curedthermosetting resin. Plastic coatings may be included. Thispipe is formed within an existi
13、ng pipe. Therefore, it takes theshape of and fits tightly to the existing pipe.3.2.4 electric calibration roller, nElectrically driven orvariable speed hydraulic drive device used to assist with theimpregnation process. Resin saturated liners shall pass throughthe rollers at a set speed and gap sett
14、ing. The gap setting shallbe adjustable and measurable via a mechanical scale or theelectronic display of the HMI. The linear rate of the CIPP linerprocessed through the roller shall be adjustable via a variablespeed drive or the electronic display of the HMI.3.2.5 impregnation module, nfully contai
15、ned, insulatedsystem used in the production of CIPP on a mobile impregna-tion unit.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe module shall operate through CIPP1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on TrenchlessPlastic P
16、ipeline Technology.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. DOI:10.1520/F2994-132For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
17、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1automation and as a minimum shall include the followingcomponents: precision pumps and metering devices, bulk resinand catalyst storage tanks w
18、ith temperature control system,roller bed, work table, external connections for resin andcatalyst filling, compatible piping, hoses, directional flowcontrol valves, vacuum system, hoses and connections andresin mixing chamber including static mixer. The vacuumpump may be installed inside or outside
19、the insulated module.3.2.6 mobile impregnation unit, na mobile system, usuallypermanently mounted on a trailer or truck, used to manufactureCIPP at or nearby the point of installation using CIPP automa-tion.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 PLC, nprogrammable logic controller3.3.2 HMI, nhuman machine interface (to
20、uch screen)4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is for use by installers who are involved inthe rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a mobile,automated CIPP impregnation system to manufacture resinimpregnated tube installed through an existing conduit. As forany practice, modifications
21、may be required for specific jobconditions.5. Materials5.1 All materials shall be handled, packaged, marked andtransported in accordance with local, state and federal regula-tions and requirements.5.2 Liner tubeThe liner tube shall consist of one or morelayers of flexible needled felt or fiberglass,
22、 or both, anequivalent nonwoven or woven material, or a combination ofnonwoven and woven materials or fiberglass, or a combinationthereof, capable of carrying resin, withstanding installationpressures and curing temperatures. The tube shall be compat-ible with the resin system used. The outside laye
23、r of the tubeshall be coated or protected with a material that is compatiblewith the resin system used. The tube shall be fabricated to asize that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumfer-ence and the length of the original conduit.5.3 ResinA formulated resin and catalyst that is com
24、pat-ible with the automation process and end use application shallbe used. The resin shall have an initiation temperature for curethat is less than 180F (82.2C).5.4 CatalystA curing agent, hardener, initiator, diluent,admixture, or combination thereof.6. Design Considerations6.1 Wall ThicknessThe CI
25、PP wall thickness shall bedesigned in accordance with Practice F1216, Appendix X1.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, the CIPP shall meet therequirements of grade 3, Type I, II or III CIPP as described inSpecification D5813.7. Equipment7.1 Resin pumpsPositive displacement pumps specificallydesigned for
26、the formulated resin and catalyst utilized shall beused. The pumps shall be capable of delivering the requiredvolume of mixed resin to the tube during impregnation in asuitable time frame and shall also be capable of pulling suctionfor tank filling.7.2 Piping, fittings and tanksAll piping, fittings
27、and tanksused to convey, circulate and store resin and catalyst shall bemade of a material suitable for constant contact with therespective material(s). Resin and catalyst tanks shall meet allfederal, state and local regulations for material transport.7.3 Flow meterPrecision metering device used to
28、measureresin and catalyst quantities with an accuracy tolerance of 61.0% or better by volume.7.4 Temperature control systemA heat exchange systemused to regulate resin and catalyst temperatures. Acceptablemethods may include utilizing temperature controlled air orwater, glycol lines, or heat tracing
29、 and insulation.7.5 Static mixerPlastic or stainless steel device consistingof mixing elements within a carrier tube that is used tothoroughly mix resin and catalyst prior to liner impregnation.The static mixer shall be appropriately designed and sized forthe viscosity and flow rate of the mixed res
30、in utilized.7.6 Vacuum systemA device used to remove air from aliner and assist with liner impregnation. The vacuum pumpshall have a minimum capacity of 9.4 ft3/min (16 m3/hr) for upto 12 in. (300 mm) diameter CIPP and 23.5 ft3/min (40 m3/hr)for CIPP greater than 12 in. (300 mm). The vacuum systemsh
31、all have an integrated vacuum regulator, vacuum gauge witha range of 0 to -14.5 psi (0 to -1.0 bar), distribution piping/hoses with the necessary connections and service points, and aball valve and suction cup attached to the terminating end ofeach vacuum hose. Vacuum hose shall be made of a suitabl
32、ematerial, such as clear reinforced PVC, with a minimum insidediameter of 0.375 in (9.5 mm). Suction cups shall be 2.5Bellows or similar style and capable of accommodating flat,concave or slanted surfaces.8. System Operation8.1 The mobile impregnation unit shall be supplied withadequate power and in
33、ternal memory for data storage, and beequipped with an emergency stop.8.2 The HMI shall be utilized to input project specificinformation. This includes customer and jobsite data, CIPPdiameter, thickness and length or other applicable data points,or a combination thereof.8.3 Resin and catalyst tank l
34、evels and temperatures shall bechecked prior to using the mobile impregnation system. Ifadditional resin is needed, material inventory should be in-spected prior to use. Resin and catalyst should be storedindoors in sealed containers within a temperature range rec-ommended by the resin manufacturer.
35、 Prior to use, the resinshould be tested for reactivity in accordance with manufactur-ers recommendations. In lieu of reactivity testing, a COA maybe obtained from the resin manufacturer for each batch of resinand catalyst utilized. Resin and catalyst tanks may be filled todesirable levels using ext
36、ernal transfer pumps and/or on-boardresin and catalyst pumps with gravity assist.F2994 1328.4 The mobile impregnation system shall be in resincirculation mode prior to start up. Upon system start up, allfunctions and components shall be checked and verified to beoperational and within the manufactur
37、ers recommended toler-ances. Resin and catalyst temperature levels shall also bechecked prior to use. The mobile impregnation system shall notbe operated if resin and catalyst temperatures fall outside therange recommended by the manufacturer. Resin that is too coldwill have a viscosity that is too
38、high, causing excessive pumppressures; resin that is too warm will reduce the pot life of themixed resin. Work room climate control systems such as roofmounted HVAC, stand heating or refrigeration units may beutilized in conjunction with temperature control systems asdescribed in 7.4 to assist with
39、the material heating or coolingprocess.8.5 All liner tube should be stored indoors or protected frommoisture and ultraviolet light when not in use. Storage tem-perature for all liner tube shall be within acceptable limits asestablished by the manufacturer. The tube(s) proposed to beused for the next
40、 installation(s) may be transported in bulk tothe job-site or measured, cut and stored inside the mobileimpregnation unit prior to mobilization.8.6 Once the mobile impregnation unit is ready for use andthe liner tube is pre-measured and cut, the liner tube may bepositioned on the roller bed and tabl
41、e. The terminating end ofthe liner shall be temporarily sealed before applying vacuum.Using a utility knife, a vacuum port, typically a straight0.25-0.50 in. (6-12 mm) slit, shall be cut in a flat, even area ofthe liner coating (away from any seams) and tagged. Depend-ing on the length and diameter
42、of liner being impregnated,additional vacuum ports may be required. The vacuum pumpshall be powered up using the HMI display and vacuum cup(s)applied to the liner tube over the vacuum port(s). The vacuumlevel shall be adjusted as needed to optimize the impregnationprocess. Ideal vacuum levels may ra
43、nge from -4.4 to -7.3 psi(-0.3 to -0.5 bar), depending on diameter and liner typeutilized. If good vacuum is established, the liner will drawdown as air is evacuated. If vacuum cannot be established, theliner should be inspected for defects. Once a good vacuumlevel is observed, the liner tube is rea
44、dy for resin saturation.8.7 The target mixing ratio on the HMI shall be achievedand maintained prior to transitioning into dispense mode. Theend of the mixing tube or lance shall then be positioned over ametal or heat resistant container of suitable size for wastematerials. Upon switching to dispens
45、e mode, a small volume ofmixed resin shall be discharged into the container. Once theresin color and flow is normal and consistent as recommendedby the manufacturer, the discharge flow shall be shut off byreturning to circulation mode.8.8 The mixing tube or lance shall be inserted into the openend o
46、f the liner tube. Upon switching back to dispense mode,mixed resin shall be pumped into the tube. A starter slug maybe pumped in at the start to seal the end of the liner tube andassist with vacuum impregnation. Once a target resin slugquantity is achieved, the operator shall return to circulationmo
47、de and remove mixing tube or lance from the liner.8.9 The end of the liner shall be positioned through thecalibration rollers. The proper gap setting shall be employed,calculated and set based on liner tube thickness and manufac-turers recommendations. The default gap setting on the mobileimpregnati
48、on unit shall be set automatically from input data butmay be manually adjusted as needed to accommodate productspecific needs. The rollers shall then be started and maintainedat an optimal speed which is achieved when the resin saturationline is maintained at a constant position on the roller bed. I
49、f theroller is running too fast, the resin saturation line will migratetowards the pinch roller; if its operating too slowly, the resinsaturation line will move away from the roller.8.10 When required, vacuum ports may be moved furtheralong the length of the unsaturated liner as the wet out processprogresses. Vacuum ports must be placed on unsaturated linerand must be sealed (patched) prior to reaching the resinsaturation line. Vacuum patches shall be applied in accordancewith manufacturers recommendations.8.11 If additional resin slugs are required, an inje
