1、Designation: D628/D628M 95 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forAsbestos Tubular Sleeving1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D628/D628M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven and braided asbestostubular sleeving having a minimum of 75 mass % of asbestosfiber, excluding th
3、e mass of other inorganic strands which maybe present.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues f
4、rom the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-
5、cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods, Section 13, described in this sp
6、ecification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. For spec
7、ific safety hazard, see 1.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organ
8、ization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD299 Specification for Asbestos YarnsD1118 Test Method for Magnetic Rating of Asbestos Fiberand Asbestos Texti
9、lesD1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile Fabric (Withdrawn 1992)4D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD1910 Methods of Test for Construction Characteristics ofWoven Fabrics; Replaced by D 3773, D 3774, D 3775,D 3776, D 3882, D 3883 (Withdrawn 1981)4D1918 Test Me
10、thod for Asbestos Content of Asbestos Tex-tilesD2100 Specification for Asbestos Textiles Used for Electri-cal Insulating PurposesD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of othe
11、r textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D123. For asbestos terms,refer to Terminology D2946.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 asbestos fiber, nthe hydrous magnesium silicateserpentine mineral designated as chrysotile and having anempirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.3.2.2 atmosphere for testi
12、ng, nfor asbestos textiles, airmaintained at a relative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 21 6 1C.3.2.3 sleeving, nin textiles, woven or braided fabric oftubular form.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of Subc
13、ommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D628/D628M 95(2009)1.DOI: 10.1520/D0628_D0628M-95R17.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, Online, ht
14、tp:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is ref
15、erenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for
16、theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Classification4.1 ClassesThe classes of asbestos tubular sleeving arebased on the nature of the yarns from which they are braidedor woven.4.1.1
17、 Class ATubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing no reinforcing strands.4.1.2 Class BTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CTubular sleeving constructed of asbestosyarns containing organic reinforcing strands.4.1.4 Class DTubular slee
18、ving constructed of asbestosyarns containing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.4.1.5 Class ETubular sleeving constructed of two or moreof the yarns used in sleeving of Classes A through D.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos tubular sleeving arebased on the mass % of asbestos content as stated i
19、n Table 1.4.3 Electrical Insulation Classification:4.3.1 Asbestos tubing as made for the electrical industry isfurnished in three types, classified on the basis of magneticrating determined by Test Method D1118, which serve toidentify performance limits.Type IIMagnetic Rating 0.75 maximumType IVMagn
20、etic Rating 2.00 maximumType VIMagnetic Rating 4.00 maximum4.3.2 Type II is intended only for special applications wherethe asbestos is of primary importance as electrical insulationused on magnet wire and when used primarily as a dielectric.4.3.3 Type IV is intended for use where the asbestos is of
21、secondary importance as electrical insulation and where it isapplied in combination with other materials of comparablyhigher dielectric strength, as in the construction of heat andflame resistant electrical insulating walls over unit conductorsof electric cables.4.3.4 Type VI is intended for use whe
22、re the asbestos is ofminor importance as a dielectric, as in the construction of filler,or heat and flame resistant walls of electric cables, or whenused as a lining for control enclosures (arc chutes) subject toexposure to electric arcs.5. Ordering Information5.1 The following information may be sp
23、ecified on theorder:5.2 Dimensions, including inside diameter, wall thickness,and the number of ends per bobbin.5.3 Materials and Manufacture, including the number ofcarriers, the yarn number, and the class, grade, and type.5.4 Length per Unit Mass (Weight).5.5 Limits on the Number of Knots and Impe
24、rfections.5.6 Braided or Woven Construction.5.7 With or Without Any Surface Treatment, such as dustsuppressant or sizing treatment.5.8 Quantity Required, expressed in length of tubing.5.9 See Section 16.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnTubular asbestos sleeving shall be uniformlybraided or woven
25、from a specified grade of asbestos yarn withor without reinforcement.6.2 Wire ReinforcementThe wire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, or othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementmay be cotton, nylon, rayo
26、n, or other spun or filament yarn(s)as specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe inorganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other ceramic or vitreous, spun or filamentyarn(s) as specified in the order.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The asbestos content shall comply with the gradedesignation as
27、in Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Tubing for electrical insulation shall conform to Speci-fication D2100.8.2 The magnetic rating shall comply with the classificationtype in 4.3.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Tensile (Breaking) Strength:9.1.1 Braided SleevingTensile (breaking) strength is not arequir
28、ement.9.1.2 Woven SleevingThe tensile (breaking) strength(breaking load) of woven asbestos tubular sleeving shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 Inside DiameterThe tolerances for the inside diam-eter of asbestos tubular slee
29、ving shall be as agreed upon by thepurchaser and the seller.10.2 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness of asbestos tubularsleeving shall be within the following limits:Nominal Wall Thickness, mm in. Permissible Limits, mm in.0.8 132 0.25 0.0101.6 116 0.35 0.0153.2 18 0.75 0.03010.3 Mass per Unit LengthTh
30、e mass of asbestos tubularsleeving shall be within 610 % of the specified mass.10.4 Fabric Count:10.4.1 Woven SleevingThe number of warp ends per unitof length and the number of filling picks per unit of length inTABLE 1 Grades of Asbestos Tubular SleevingGrade Asbestos Content, mass %Commercial 75
31、up to but not including 80Underwriters 80 up to but not including 85A 85 up to but not including 90AA 90 up to but not including 95AAA 95 up to but not including 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD628/D628M 95 (2017)2woven asbestos tubular sleeving shall be within 610 % of thespecified fabric count.10.4.2 B
32、raided SleevingThe number of picks or cross-overs per unit of length in braided asbestos tubular sleevingshall be within 6 10 % of the specified fabric count.10.5 Yarn Number (Cut)The yarn number (cut) shall be asspecified and shall conform to the requirements stated inSpecification D299.11. Samplin
33、g11.1 Divide the material to be tested into lots as specified inTable 2. From each lot, take a lot sample of three rolls or spoolsrandomly selected. Cut one specimen of at least1m1ydfrom each roll or spool in the lot sample.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition all specimens (without preconditionin
34、g) fora minimum of 4 h, or until the specimen shows no progressivechange in mass of more than 0.1 % after an exposure of 0.5 h,in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2 % at 216 1C.13. Test MethodsMENSURATION13.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofinside diameter, wall thic
35、kness, mass per unit length (weight),fabric count, yarn number, number of carriers, number of endson bobbin, and number of imperfections for asbestos tubing.13.2 Significance and UseThe mensuration results iden-tify the tubing with regard to all its significant dimensions.They are used to determine
36、the suitability of given asbestostubing for specific applications.13.3 Apparatus:13.3.1 MandrelsSmooth cylindrical tubes or rods within0.25 mm 0.010 in. of the specified diameter, with a smoothrounded end, and at least 300 mm 1 ft in length.13.3.2 Steel Tape or Rigid Rule, graduated in 1-mm 132-in.i
37、ncrements at least 600 mm 2 ft in length.13.3.3 Slide Caliper, graduated to 1 mm 132 in.13.3.4 Gage, deadweight type, equipped with a dial gradu-ated to read directly to 0.025 mm 0.001 in., having a circularpresser foot with a diameter of 9.5 6 0.025 mm 0.375 6 0.001in. The presser foot and moving p
38、arts connected therewithshall be weighted so as to apply a total load of 1.67 6 0.03 N6 6 0.1 ozf equivalent to 23 kPa 3.4 psi to the specimen(see Note 1).NOTE 1Table A1 of Method D1777 lists some of the suppliers ofapparatus of this type.13.4 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.5 Procedure:13.5.1 Inside Diame
39、ter:13.5.1.1 General ProcedureDetermine the inside diam-eter of sleeving by the use of a mandrel of the specifieddiameter, as described in 13.3.1. Slip the test specimen over therounded end of the mandrel for a distance of approximately300 mm 1 ft. If the sleeving is of proper size, the specimenshal
40、l fit smoothly and snugly and shall show no unduedisturbance of the construction due to forcing the specimenonto the mandrel. The procedure described in 13.5.1.2 may beused as an optional method for sleeving over 75 mm 3 in. ininside diameter.13.5.1.2 Optional Procedure for Sleeving over 75 mm 3in.
41、Inside DiameterFor testing sleeving over 75 mm 3 in.inside diameter, place the test specimen in a relaxed conditionand smooth out any wrinkles. Do not distort the construction ofthe specimen. Measure to the nearest 1 mm 132 in. the widthof the specimen by use of a steel tape or rigid rule, as descri
42、bedin 13.3.2. Measure the wall thickness as directed in 13.5.2.Calculate the inside diameter using Eq 1:Inside diameter 5 2w 2 2t!#/ (1)where:w = outside flat width of specimen, andt = wall thickness of specimen.13.5.2 Wall Thickness:13.5.2.1 General ProcedureInsert a mandrel as specifiedin 13.3.1 o
43、f the nominal inside diameter of the sleeving into thespecimen and measure the outside diameter with a slide caliperas described in 13.3.3, to the nearest 1 mm 132 in. Calculatethe wall thickness using Eq 2:Thickness 5 S 2 M!/2 (2)where:S = outside diameter of the mandrel, plus two layers of thespec
44、imen, andM = outside diameter of the bare mandrel.13.5.2.2 Make three measurements on each specimen andrecord the average of the nine thickness measurements.13.5.2.3 The optional procedure described in 13.5.2.4 maybe used for sleeving over 75 mm 3 in. inside diameter.13.5.2.4 Optional Procedure for
45、Sleeving over 75 mm 3in. Inside DiameterFor testing sleeving having an insidediameter over 75 mm 3 in., slit the test specimens andmeasure the thickness of the sleeving as directed in MethodD1777, using a gage as described in 13.3.4. Make threethickness measurements on each specimen. Record the aver
46、ageof the nine thickness measurements.13.5.3 Mass per Unit Length:13.5.3.1 ProcedureCut a specimen not less than 600 mm2 ft long from each sample taken for test. Measure the lengthof the specimen to the nearest 1 mm 116 in., using the steeltape or rigid rule. Make sure the specimen is free of tensio
47、n,wrinkles, and folds. Weigh the specimen to the nearest 1 g 0.1oz. Use the average length and mass to calculate the averagemass per unit length kg/100 m lb/100 ft.13.5.4 Fabric Count:TABLE 2 Lot Sizes for SamplingInside Diameter Lot (or fraction thereof)mm in. kg lb13 and under 0.5 and under 50 100
48、over 13 to 25 over 0.5 to 1 150 300over 25 to 150 over 1 to 6 300 600over 150 over 6 500 1000D628/D628M 95 (2017)313.5.4.1 Braided SleevingDetermine the number of picksor crossovers of the yarn per unit of length by laying thesleeving on a flat surface and counting the crossovers of thesingle or mul
49、tiple end yarns over a 75-mm 3-in. length at fivedifferent places along the specimen.13.5.4.2 Woven SleevingDetermine the fabric count of thewoven sleeving as directed in Test Method D3775.13.6 Precision and Bias:13.6.1 Precision:13.6.1.1 RepeatabilityThe intralaboratory single-operatorrepeatability, (2S) as defined in Practice E177, obtained on anyspecimen of Underwriters grade, type IV,
