1、Designation: F3015 13Standard Test Method forAccelerated Laboratory Roadwheel Generation of BeltSeparation in Radial Passenger Car and Light Truck Tiresthrough Load Range E1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3015; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe United States Congress passed the Transportation Reca
3、ll Enhancement, Accountability andDocumentation (TREAD) Act in November 2000. Included in the Act were specific directions to theNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to upgrade tire safety standards.As tire wear life has increased over the years, interest in the in-service aging of
4、 a tires internalcomponents has increased. To quote NHTSA, “. some members of Congress expressed the view thatthere is a need for an aging test to be conducted on light vehicle tires. The agency tentatively concludesthat we agree there is a need for an aging test in the proposed light vehicle tire s
5、tandard because mosttire failures occur at mileages well beyond 2,720 kilometers (1,700 miles) to which tires are exposedin the current FMVSS No. 109 Endurance Test.”2Until the publication of this standard, there wasneither an industry nor a government standard practice for the accelerated laborator
6、y roadwheelgeneration of belt separation in tires.This standard represents the body of work whose goal was to develop a scientifically valid, shortduration aged tire test standard focused on the generation of belt edge separation. The scope of thiswork is limited to radial passenger car and light tr
7、uck tires through Load Range E. The standardsdevelopment task group conducted research in order to determine: (1) the appropriate acceleratedlaboratory aging conditions which correlate material property changes at the belt edge of the tire asproduced in the laboratory with those observed in service
8、(as described in Practice F2838), and (2) theappropriate laboratory roadwheel durability test parameters which are capable of producing belt edgeseparations while avoiding those conditions which are exclusively by-products of roadwheel testing(as described in this standard).1. Scope1.1 This standard
9、 describes a laboratory method to evaluatetires for their tendency to develop belt edge separation, via theuse of a standard roadwheel (Practice F551/F551M). Thisevaluation is conducted on tires that have undergone acceler-ated laboratory aging as described in Practice F2838.1.2 The End-of-Test (EOT
10、) conditions that can be producedby this method include target (belt-edge separation), non-target(conditions other than belt-related separations that can bedeveloped in passenger and light truck tires through on-roaduse), and non-representative (conditions that are typicallydeveloped only on laborat
11、ory roadwheels). There is also thepossibility that no visible EOT conditions may be generatedduring the course of this test. In this instance the user maychoose to select a designated completion time (DCT) as theEOT condition.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The v
12、alues given in the data log in Appendix X1 inparentheses are provided for information only.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.30 on Laboratory (Non-Vehicular) Testing.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2013. P
13、ublished January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/F3015-13.2Federal Register Vol. 67, No. 43, Tuesday, March 5, 2002, p. 10068, Paragraph6, “Aging Effects.”Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.4 This standard does not purport to addres
14、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 6.2. Ref
15、erenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of TiresF551/F551M Practice for Using a 1.707-m 67.23-in. Di-ameter Laboratory Test Roadwheel in Testing TiresF2838 Practice for Accelerated Laboratory Aging of RadialPassenger Car and Light Truck
16、Tires through Load RangeE for the Laboratory Generation of Belt Separation2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the compe-tence of testing and calibration laboratories4European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO)Standards Manual5ISO 4000 Passenger Car Tyres and Rims
17、6Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association Inc.(JATMA) Year Book7Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA): Volume 4: TireService Manual8Tire and Rim Association (TRA) Year Book93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aging, accelerated laboratory (also: aging,laboratory), nincreased rate of tire mat
18、erial property changesunder specified conditions, including: temperature, inflationpressure, oxygen concentration in the filling gas, and time.3.1.2 aging, in-service, nmaterial property changes withintires due to consumer usage.3.1.3 aging, oven, naccelerated laboratory aging in anelevated temperat
19、ure environment.3.1.4 belt, nin a tire, a breaker that substantially restrictsthe carcass in a circumferential direction. F5383.1.5 belt separation, na breakdown of bonding betweenthe belts or plies or tread, or combination thereof. F5383.1.6 breaker, nin a tire, one or more plies under the treadreg
20、ion of a tire that are additional to those which extend frombead to bead. F5383.1.7 cold inflation pressure, nthe gauge pressure of a tire,measured after equilibration at ambient temperature.3.1.8 designated completion time (DCT), na time periodselected by the user of the test method as an alternati
21、ve to thedevelopment of a tire test condition which triggers the end ofthe test.3.1.9 end-of-test (EOT) condition, nany tire finding ob-served and reported by the user at the completion of roadwheeltesting.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe test is completed when a targetcondition, a non-target condition, a non-
22、representativecondition, or a DCT has been achieved.3.1.10 inflation gas, nthe specific filling medium used topressurize the tire cavity and maintain a specified gaugepressure (for example, oxygen/nitrogen gas mixture, air).3.1.11 measured inflation pressure, ngauge pressure of atire measured at a g
23、iven time under ambient temperature andbarometric pressure source. F5383.1.12 tire, na load-bearing ground-contacting circumfer-ential attachment to a vehicle wheel. F5384. Significance and Use4.1 Belt edge separation is a tire condition that can beencountered in tire use, particularly in high tire
24、temperatureenvironments.4.2 The goal of this standard is to define a scientificallyvalid protocol for the laboratory generation of belt edgeseparation in a tire that has previously completed acceleratedlaboratory aging as described in Practice F2838. This testmethod does not establish performance li
25、mits or tolerances fortire specifications.4.3 However, as stated in the scope, some tires may notdevelop belt edge separations under the specified test condi-tions. They may develop other EOT conditions that are not dueto belt edge separation. Also, some tires may not develop anyEOT conditions durin
26、g the course of the test prior to a DCT.5. Apparatus5.1 A roadwheel, as specified by Practice F551/F551M,shall be used for this testing.5.2 Roadwheel control mechanisms shall be calibrated perthe latest requirements of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025.6. Hazards6.1 Potential Hazards with Use of Tires from Practic
27、eF2838Tires with prior oven exposure may be more likely toexperience a sudden loss of air upon pressurization, heating, ordue to fatigue than new tires not previously oven exposed.Personal protection should be implemented during handling,inflation, and inspection of tires with prior oven exposure.6.
28、2 Hazards During Roadwheel Tire TestingA tire is apressure vessel that becomes progressively weaker during a3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
29、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO), RueDefacqz 78-80, B - 1060 Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.
30、etrto.org.6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.7Available from The Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association, Inc.(JATMA), 8 Floor, No. 33 Mori Bldg., 3-8-21 Toranomon, Minato-ku,
31、 Tokyo,105-0001 Japan, http:/www.jatma.or.jp.8Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association, 1400 K. St. N.W.,Washington, DC 20005.9Available from Tire and RimAssociation, Inc. (TRA), 175 Montrose WestAve.,Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321, http:/www.us-tra.org.F3015 132roadwheel test, both because of f
32、atigue damage and by thelower tensile strength of the components at the high tempera-tures developed. Therefore, a catastrophic loss of air pressureshall be anticipated at every stage of the test. Such a failuremay be accompanied by fragments having a high energy levelbeing thrown from the degenerat
33、ed tire. Adequate machinesafeguards and fire and personal protection equipment shall beprovided at all times.7. Sampling and Tire Selection7.1 All of the tires shall have the desired production plantand date codes and similar storage and temperature historyexposure. Tires must be free of conditions
34、that may affect theoutcome of the test.7.2 Test tires shall be mounted on wheels for testing, of theappropriate measuring rim width and diameter. The samewheel should be used for both oven aging as specified inPractice F2838 and roadwheel testing without dismounting, toprevent any damage incurred th
35、rough removal of the tire fromthe wheel. If the measuring rim size is not available, theoperator shall use an alternate size per current publishedstandards. Refer to the current published standards of TRA,ETRTO, JATMA, ISO, or other tire standards organization forlists of standardized wheel widths f
36、or applicable tire dimen-sions.7.3 Record the manufacturers identification, brand name,tire identification number, size, load range, specified coldinflation pressure, and type of tire on the appropriate roadwheeldata log.8. Preparation of Test Tires8.1 Tire Mounting and Tire Inflation Preparation Pr
37、ior toRoadwheel Testing:8.1.1 Tires shall not be stored for periods greater than 3months between oven aging and this roadwheel test.8.1.2 Test tires should remain mounted on the wheels usedfor accelerated oven aging. However, in the event that thesewheels are not available for use on the roadwheel,
38、see 8.2.1 8.2.7.8.2 Mounting of Oven Aged Test Tires:8.2.1 Test tires are to be mounted on wheels of the appro-priate measuring rim bead seat diameter with clean, smoothsurfaces in the bead seat areas, particularly in the vicinity of theweld. Wheel rim flanges shall be free of sharp edges or scuffst
39、hat could damage the tire during mounting. Bead seat diam-eters shall be verified using a certified disc tape (a.k.a. balltape) and be acceptable according to an applicable publishedstandard of TRA, ETRTO, JATMA, ISO, or other tire standardsorganization.8.2.2 Tires shall be mounted on wheels that ca
40、n support theload capacity of each tire. Any tires mounted on light alloywheels shall be noted in the observation/comments fields of theappropriate data log.8.2.3 Metal valves shall be used on any tires which are to besubjected to oven exposure. If only a rubber valve is available,it shall be new at
41、 the beginning of this test. All valves shall berated for pressures exceeding those to be encountered duringthe test.8.2.4 A commercial bead-rim lubricant shall be applied tothe tire bead areas and rim before mounting. Vegetable oil orsoap-based lubricants are recommended.8.2.5 Mount the tire on the
42、 wheel using air according toVolume 4: Tire Service Manual of the Rubber ManufacturersAssociation (RMA).8.2.6 Inflate the tire/wheel assembly to 100 % of theminimum pressure at which the tire achieves its maximum loadcapacity per the applicable standard.8.2.7 Testing for leaks is suggested. Leak che
43、cks can beconducted by either submersion in a water tank for at least 30min or by carefully checking both beads and fittings for leakswith leak detection fluid. If a light alloy wheel is used, theentire wheel assembly shall be checked for leaks.8.3 ConditioningThe test tire, after being mounted on a
44、test wheel and inflated to the applicable test pressure, shallremain at the ambient temperature of 38C for at least 3 h priorto testing.9. Procedure9.1 Roadwheel Tire Testing:9.1.1 Mount tire/wheel assembly on a laboratory roadwheelwhich conforms to Practice F551/F551M.NOTE 1Tolerances are to be fou
45、nd in Practice F551/F551M, and thetest parameters are to be considered set points.9.1.2 Adjust inflation pressure to 100 % of the minimumpressure at which the tire achieves its maximum load capacityper the applicable standard.9.1.3 Set a tread separation trip mechanism to within 2 cmacross the full
46、tread face.9.1.4 The load shall be 75 % of maximum rated tire load forsingle tire application, as specified by applicable TRA stan-dard.9.1.5 The roadwheel speed shall be 120 km/h.9.1.6 The test ambient temperature shall be 38C.9.1.7 Run the test until a target EOT condition, a non-targetEOT conditi
47、on, a non-representative EOT condition, or a DCThas been achieved.9.1.8 After1hoftest time, stop the roadwheel, unload thetire, and allow the tire to cool for 15 min, then check theinflation pressure and record it on the applicable data log. Thiswill be the set pressure for subsequent periodic inspe
48、ctions.Resume testing.9.1.9 At the end of every 24 h period, stop the roadwheel,unload the tire, and allow the tire to cool for 15 min, thenperform a visual inspection and pressure check.9.1.10 Measure the inflation pressure, record it on theapplicable data log, and readjust if the pressure is more
49、than 7.0kPa away from the set inflation pressure measured in 9.1.8.9.1.11 Visually inspect the tire for evidence of an EOTcondition, as observed and reported by the user.9.1.12 Resume the test after completion of inspection,provided an EOT condition has not been achieved.9.1.13 Test completion can be indicated by observation of atarget EOT condition, a non-target EOT condition, a non-representative EOT condition during any routine 24 h visualF3015 133and pressure check or by automatic machine indication (car-riage over-travel, trip wire, etc.), or the te
