1、Designation: F3152 15Standard Test Method forDetermining Abrasion Resistance of Inks and Coatings onSubstrates Using Norman Tool “WA-1010 Wet Abrader1”2This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for subjectinginks or coatings on mem
3、brane switches to an abrasive medium,with or without the application of chemicals, at a specifiedforce.1.2 Within certain limitations, as described in this standard,this test method is applicable for materials including, but notlimited to: printed or coated polyester, polycarbonate, andsilicone rubb
4、er. The samples can be either flat or contoured.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of reg
5、ulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 final breakthrough, nthe number of cycles untilcomplete removal of the first surface ink or coating beingtested.2.1.2 membrane switch, na momentary switching devicein which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexiblesubstrat
6、e.2.1.3 wear limit, nin testing membrane switches, thenumber of cycles until an underlying layer of different colormay be seen through the first layer (not applicable fortransparent coatings).3. Significance and Use3.1 Membrane switch keys are subjected to repeatedactuations, usually by a human fing
7、er. This can transfer bodyoil, hand creams, automotive fluids and so forth. Materials areoften subjected to other conditions (for example, wiping,cleaning, rubbing) during handling, end-use, shipment, orstorage that may cause abrasion damage. The result may be asignificant removal of the coatings, t
8、ext, or decorative inks.3.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range ofmaterials. The main criterion is that the abrasion processproduces visible wear or breakthrough of the surface beingtested.3.3 The amount of abrasion damage to a surface is depen-dent on numerous variables. This test method
9、 provides a wayof comparing relative abrasion resistance and the effect ofchemicals on inks, coatings, and substrates. In no way do theresults provide a correlation value of the number of humanfinger touches before coating failure. It only provides a meansto compare results of tests performed using
10、the sameequipment, abrasive materials and loading conditions.3.4 The test method can be used for quality controlpurposes, as a research and development tool, to evaluatematerial combinations for a given application, or for thecomparison of materials with relatively similar properties andthe effect o
11、f chemicals on the abrasion resistance.4. Interferences4.1 Inconsistent wear can occur which will compromise theresults. Caution is necessary to ensure the mounting methoddoes not deflect the specimen, which may influence the wearcharacteristics.4.2 Contoured surfaces can be tested but results may b
12、emore difficult to duplicate and some equipment is not designedto test non-flat surfaces.4.3 Whenever possible, a smooth surface is preferred. Extracare should be taken when evaluating a non-uniform surface(that is, rough surface), and for the user to recognize potentialvariations between specimens.
13、5. Apparatus5.1 Machine capable of providing cyclic abrasion to a testspecimen under controlled loading conditions.5.2 Suggested sources:1The Norman Tool “RCA” Abrader is covered by a patent. Interested parties areinvited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to thi
14、spatented item to the ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, whichyou may attend.2This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
15、ttee F01.18 on PrintedElectronics.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. DOI:10.1520/F3152-15.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2.1 Norman Tool Abrader Model WA-1010.35.3 Specimen Mounting Fix
16、ture or Holder, a suitable deviceof sufficient strength and rigidity used to secure the specimenso that it is held rigidly and perpendicular to the load duringtesting.5.4 Abrasive Media, commonly available from NormanTool, PN# 1116-M-40.5.4.1 0.6875 in.-wide Paper, most applications.6. Conditioning6
17、.1 Abrasive Media and Specimen ConditioningUnlessotherwise agreed upon between purchaser and seller, conditionthe specimens for at least 24 h at ambient.6.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests at ambient.7. Pre-Test Setup7.1 Mount the test specimen on the mounting fixture. Thisholding device should firmly
18、hold the test specimen in a fixedposition, without distortion, in a perpendicular position relativeto the force probe.7.2 Cleaning of SpecimenSpecimens shall be cleaned insuch a way that the surface is free from grit, grease, fingerprintsor other contaminates.7.2.1 Use a clean lint-free piece of abs
19、orbent material andeither commerical grades of n-heptane or isopropyl alcohol.7.2.2 Lightly wipe the surface of the test area with amoistened piece of cleaning material.7.2.3 Allow the surface to air dry completely (minimum 2h).7.2.4 Inspect the test area to ensure no visual damage hasbeen caused by
20、 the cleaning process.7.3 Inspect for residue and quality of ink or coating in areaof test.7.4 Install specified abrasive material.7.5 Adjust applied force to specified value.8. Procedure8.1 Align specimen targeted test point to the applied force.8.2 Adjust applied force to 250 g or as specified.8.3
21、 Gently lower the abradant onto the specimen.8.4 Fill chemical reservoir with specified chemical andlower wet media into the chemical.8.4.1 Testing can be performed in a dry state without the useof chemicals.8.5 Start the abrasion process.8.6 Subject the test specimen to abrasion for the specifiednu
22、mber of cycles; or until sought after visual change has beendetected. Wear limit is determined when an underlying layer ofdifferent color may be seen through the first layer (notapplicable for transparent coatings). In determining the extentof wear, periodically interrupt the instrument at intervals
23、 forexamination of the test specimen. Final breakthrough, notwear, on a first surface printed line constitutes a failureregardless of size.8.6.1 WarningWhen the test is stopped prior to achievingfinal end point, it is recommended the specimen not be moved.Doing so may present problems in aligning th
24、e wear path foradditional testing.8.7 Periodically remove any loose abrading that remains onthe test specimen, by light brushing or compressed air.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Model number and description of Abrasion Testerused,9.1.2 Abrasive material,9.1.3 Force applied to sp
25、ecimen,9.1.4 Number of cycles to wear limit (not applicable fortransparent coatings),9.1.5 Number of cycles to final breakthrough,9.1.6 Temperature and humidity,9.1.7 Identity of specimen, describing the material orcoating,9.1.8 Method of cleaning, if applicable, and9.1.9 Visual evaluation of test s
26、pecimen and include photosof target test area, if possible.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision and bias have not been determined at thistime, but will be developed by Subcommittee F01.18.11. Keywords11.1 abrasion; breakthrough; coatings; inks; Innowet Abrex;membrane switch; Norman Tool; RCA; Taber3
27、The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Norman Tool Co., 15415 Old State Road, Evansville, IN 47725. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration
28、at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,2which you may attend.F3152 152ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the v
29、alidity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your c
30、omments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments ha
31、ve not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multipl
32、e copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 153
