1、Designation: F3191 16Standard Practice forField Determination of Substrate Water Absorption(Porosity) for Substrates to Receive Resilient Flooring1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of whether or nota substrate surface, in lie
3、u of written instruction from a productmanufacturer, is considered porous or non-porous prior to theinstallation of resilient flooring materials.1.2 Although carpet tiles, carpet, wood flooring, coatings,films, paints, self-leveling and trowel-grade underlayments,primers, and other associated produc
4、ts are not specificallyintended to be included in the category of resilient floorcoverings, the procedures included in this practice may beuseful for assessing the substrate water absorption for sub-strates to receive such materials.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas stan
5、dard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
6、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specifichazards statements are given in Section 6 on Hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gre
7、gatesF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF1869 Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor EmissionRate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous CalciumChloride2.2 Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Standard:3CRI Carpet Installation Standard2.3 Resilient Floor Covering Institute (RFCI) Standa
8、rds:4Recommended Work Practices for Removal of ResilientFloor CoveringsRecommended Installation Practice for Homogenous SheetFlooring, Fully-Adhered3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 See Terminology F141 for definitions of the terms:substrate, above-grade (suspended), on-grade, below grade,concrete
9、, and resilient flooring.3.1.2 See Test Method F1869 for definition of servicetemperature and relative humidity.3.1.3 See Terminology C125 for definition of absorption.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 absorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawninto and tends to fill p
10、ermeable pores in a porous solid body(Terminology C125).3.2.2 absorption rate, ncritical factor in determining howto install many directly applied adhesives, determined by theamount of time necessary for one droplet of water to beabsorbed with increasing length of time for absorption indicat-ing a l
11、ess absorptive, less porous, substrate surface.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes the procedure for assessing thesubstrate water absorption (often referred to as substrateporosity) of horizontal, substrate surfaces prior to the installa-tion of resilient floor coverings. The procedure
12、 involvesapplying a drop of water to the surface of properly preparedsubstrate, and then determining whether that drop of water isabsorbed within a given time period.5. Significance and Use5.1 The ability of a substrate surface to readily absorb wateris a key indicator in determining how to correctl
13、y install many1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 onPractices.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. DOI: 10.1520/F3191-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
14、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Carpet and Rug Institute, 100 S. Hamilton St., Dalton, GA30720, http:/www.carpet-rug.or
15、g.4Available from Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 115 Broad St., Suite 201,LaGrange, GA 30240, http:/.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally reco
16、gnized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1types of flooring adhesives, primers, self-levelingunderlayment
17、s, and other products. Several flooring industrypublications such as CRIs Carpet Installation Standard, RF-CIs Recommended Installation Practice for HomogenousSheet Flooring, Fully-Adhered, as well as most flooring,adhesive, primer, and underlayment manufacturers referencesubstrate surface porosity
18、criteria in their application instruc-tions since this directly impacts the spread rate of directlyapplied material, the open time, and other critical installationfactors.5.2 Installing flooring products over low or non-absorptive(sometimes referred to as “non-porous”) substrates such asdensely mach
19、ine-troweled concrete, mature and well-hydratedconcrete, existing resilient flooring, polymer terrazzo andothers may require adjustments to the surface preparationmethod or product selection to ensure a successful installation.5.3 Use this practice to obtain a qualitative assessment ofsubstrate wate
20、r absorption (porosity) and whether or not thatsubstrate should be regarded as porous/absorptive or non-porous/non-absorptive as these terms relate to the installationof resilient floor coverings, adhesives, self-levelingunderlayments, primers, and other products. This practice willproduce results d
21、irectly applicable to determining appropriatesurface preparation requirements in accordance with manufac-turers specifications, but it is in no way meant to replacepublished manufacturers literature regarding the determina-tion of substrate water absorption (porosity) and the impactsuch has, if any,
22、 on substrate preparation requirements and onthe installation of their respective materials.5.4 Substrates that evidence immediate absorption, arechalky or dusty, or have varying degrees of absorption mayrequire priming or other additional surface preparation prior tosubsequent installations.5.5 Sub
23、strates that evidence no absorption may indicate thepresence of a contaminant that may negatively impact properadhesion. In such cases, bond tests performed in accordancewith the particular manufacturers established guidelines arestrongly recommended.5.6 The size, shape, and color of the water drop
24、mayindicate the presence of contaminants or other special circum-stances that may require discussion with the manufacturer ofthe slab covering to be installed.5.7 Some surfaces such as concrete can become denser andless porous/less absorptive over time as the material continuesto gain strength and d
25、ensify. The results obtained reflect onlythe conditions of the substrate at the time and location of thetest(s).6. Hazards6.1 Silica and Asbestos WarningDo not sand, drysweep, dry scrape, drill, saw, bead blast, or mechanically chipor pulverize existing resilient flooring, backing, lining felt,paint
26、, asphaltic cutback adhesives, or other adhesives. Theseproducts may contain asbestos fibers or crystalline silica.Avoidcreating dust. Use of dust collection equipment and appropriatepersonal protective equipment such as an approved respiratormay be required to control worker exposure to respirablec
27、rystalline silica produced from drilling concrete. Inhalation ofsuch dust is a cancer and respiratory tract hazard. Smoking byindividuals exposed to asbestos fibers greatly increases the riskof serious bodily harm. Unless positively certain that theproduct is a non-asbestos-containing material, pres
28、ume that itcontain asbestos. Regulations may require that the material betested to determine asbestos content. The Resilient FloorCovering Institutes (RFCI) Recommended Work Practices forRemoval of Resilient Floor Coverings4should be consulted fora defined set of instructions addressed to the task o
29、f removingall resilient floor covering structures.6.2 Lead WarningCertain paints may contain lead. Ex-posure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents a healthhazard. Refer to applicable federal, state, and local laws andguidelines for hazard identification and abatement of lead-based paint publish
30、ed by the U.S. Department of Housing andUrban Development regarding appropriate methods for identi-fying lead-based paint and removing such paint, and anylicensing, certification, and training requirements for personsperforming lead abatement work.57. Conditioning7.1 Substrates should be at the serv
31、ice temperature andrelative humidity expected during normal use or at the condi-tions required for installation of the floor covering material perthe relevant manufacturers specifications. If this is notpossible, then the substrate and ambient temperature shall be75 6 10 F (23.9 6 5.5 C) and the amb
32、ient humidity shall be50 6 10 % relative humidity.8. Procedure8.1 All substrates to receive resilient floor covering materi-als that require a determination regarding substrate absorption/porosity shall be tested for surface water absorption prior to theinstallation of resilient flooring, adhesives,
33、 primers, self-leveling underlayments, and related products regardless of ageor grade level.8.2 The substrate surface shall be prepared in the exactmanner as planned or as required for each specific floorcovering material installation.8.3 To test for field substrate water absorption at thesubstrates
34、 surface, place a single drop of potable water(approximately 0.05 mL, depicted in Fig. 1) on the substratesurface using a pipette (pictured in Fig. 2), water dropper,straw, etc., after the substrate surface has been prepared asdescribed in 8.2.8.4 Record whether the amount of time required for thesu
35、bstrate to completely absorb the deposited water is less than,equal to, or greater than the established threshold limit (dateand time-stamped photos recommended). Fig. 3 illustrates acompletely absorbed drop of water.5Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards inHousing, U
36、.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC, 2012,http:/portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=second_edition_2012.pdf.F3191 1628.5 Should the time for the water to absorb completelyexceed the maximum threshold published in the manufactur-ers instructions or this standard, the p
37、ractice is consideredcomplete and the specific area tested is determined to benon-absorptive/non-porous.8.6 Perform three tests for the first 2000 ft2(186 m2) and atleast one additional test for each additional 3000 ft2(279 m2),selecting test locations to provide information about substratewater abs
38、orption. The number of tests listed herein onlyrepresents the minimum to be conducted, but the total numberof tests conducted shall not be less than one per room. Jobsiteor substrate surface conditions may require more tests tosufficiently determine the correct installation procedure.8.7 Prior to su
39、bstrate covering installation, it is the respon-sibility of the installing party to confirm that substrate absorp-tion testing was performed and that the results were reviewedfor compliance with the manufacturers published guidelinesfor the materials to be installed. Perform this procedure in asuffi
40、cient number of places throughout the project in order toassess the appropriate installation procedures to be followedbased on the substrates porous/absorptive properties and themanufacturers published guidelines relating to such.8.8 To be considered porous/absorptive, absorption limitsshall not exc
41、eed the written instructions from the floor coveringmanufacturer, the adhesive manufacturer, primer manufacturer,underlayment manufacturer, or combination thereof. If theseinstructions differ, the requirements for the product first applieddirectly to the substrate shall apply.8.9 Consult the resilie
42、nt flooring manufacturer, the adhesivemanufacturer, the primer manufacturer, the underlaymentmanufacturers written instructions, or combination thereof, fortheir acceptable test methods. However, in the absence ofwritten manufacturers guidelines, refer to Table 1.9. Report9.1 Report the following in
43、formation:9.1.1 Name and address of the structure.9.1.2 Date and time measurements were made.9.1.3 Water absorption rate (stated as or the thresholdtime period used).9.1.4 Name, title, and affiliation of worker performing themeasurements.9.1.5 Locations of test sites within the structure.9.1.6 Ambie
44、nt air and substrate surface temperature, to thenearest degree Fahrenheit (Celsius).9.1.7 Relative humidity (to the nearest percent relativehumidity).9.2 Report any observations that might affect the interpre-tation of individual measurements such as standing water onthe slab, wet coring operations,
45、 weather, ventilating systemoperations, etc.10. Acceptance Criteria10.1 Various products from the same manufacturer can havedifferent thresholds for what is considered absorptive andnon-absorptive (porous and non-porous). It is the responsibilityof the installing party to ensure that the correct det
46、erminationof appropriate test method and absorption rate based uponconsultation with the respective manufacturers published lit-erature or technical service department was conducted.FIG. 1 Non-absorptive Concrete SurfaceFIG. 2 Pipette (example only; this particular device is not re-quired)FIG. 3 Abs
47、orptive Concrete SurfaceTABLE 1 ASTM Practice for Substrate Water Absorption RateLength of Time to Absorb Substrate Determination# 1 minute Porous/Absorptive 1 minute Non-porous/AbsorptiveF3191 16311. Keywords11.1 absorption; absorptive; concrete; flooring; floors; mois-ture; non-absorptive; non-por
48、ous; porous; substrateASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringeme
49、nt of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not rece
