1、Designation: F3194 16Standard Guide forTraining for Personnel Operating Small Land Off RoadVehicles (ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsement)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum trainingrequirements, including general and field knowledge, skills,
3、and abilities, for personnel who operate ATVs or ROHVs aspart of their duties.1.2 This guide applies only to ATVs and ROHVs as definedbelow.1.3 AnATV-ROHV Ops Endorsement alone is not sufficientto indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, orabilities to perform any specific duties, incl
4、uding search andrescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.1.4 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individuals may, underqualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely andeffectively on ATVs or ROHVs.1.5 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individuals operate on thesurface of the land only, includ
5、ing urban or disaster areas thatmay be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.1.6 This guide alone does not provide the minimum trainingrequirements for SAR personnel to operate ATVs or ROHVswhile in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water,in confined spaces, underground (s
6、uch as in caves, mines, andtunnels), or in a mountain or alpine environment.1.7 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personneltrained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.1.7.1 Further training may be required before ATV-ROHVOPS Endorsed personnel may participate on a particular
7、Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs,regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.1.8 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified toperform search or rescue. No training in land search, patientevacuation, rope use, or other rescue skills is included
8、in thisguide.1.8.1 Basic search skills and knowledge are found in GuideF2209.1.8.2 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in GuideF2751.1.9 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified tooperate in leadership positions.1.10 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel must work underqualified supe
9、rvision, as deemed appropriate by the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction (AHJ).1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
10、 the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering,Search and Rescue Equipment and PracticesF1993 Classification System of Human Search and RescueResourcesF2209 Guide for Training of Land Search
11、 Team MemberF2751 Guide for Training of a Land Search and RescueTeam MemberF2890 Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and RescuePersonnelF3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book(PTB)F3103 Specification for Testing Off-Road Motorcycle andATV Helmets2.2 Other Documents:ANSI SVIA 1-201
12、0: American National Standard for FourWheel All-Terrain VehiclesEquipment, Configuration,and Performance Requirements31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel,Training and Education.Current ed
13、ition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/F3194-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
14、TM website.3http:/www.svia.org/Programs/Standard.aspxCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ANSI/OPEI B71.9-2012: American National Standard forMultipurpose Off-Highway Utility Vehicles4ANSI/ROHVA-1-2011: Recreational Off-Hig
15、hway Ve-hicles4Snell Memorial Foundation: 2015 Standard For ProtectiveHeadgear For Use with Motorcycles and Other MotorizedVehicles5State laws pertaining to operation of ATVs3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 all terrain vehicle (ATV), na motorized off-highwayvehicle designed to travel on four low-
16、pressure tires, having aseat designed to be straddled by the operator, and handlebarsfor steering control. ATVs are subdivided into two types asdesignated by the manufacturer.63.1.1.1 ATV, Type I, nan ATV intended by the manufac-turer for use by a single operator and no passenger.3.1.1.2 ATV, Type I
17、I, nan ATV intended by the manufac-turer for use by an operator and a passenger, and equipped witha designated seating position behind the operator.3.1.2 authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), n(1) theorganization, agency, or other entity which is using this guide;(2) the organization, agency, or othe
18、r entity to which a personbeing trained, tested, or evaluated belongs, if the instructor,evaluator, or tester is not a member of the same organization.3.1.3 qualified supervisor, nan individual with demon-strated knowledge or competence in a task, to whom the AHJhas granted the authority to observe
19、and oversee an individualperforming that task.3.1.4 recreational off-highway vehicle (ROHV), na motor-ized off-highway vehicle (also ROV, UTV or “Side-by-Side”)designed to travel on four or more tires:(1) A steering wheel for steering control;(2) Non-straddle seating;(3) Maximum speed capability gre
20、ater than 30 MPH (48km/h);(4) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) no greater than3,750 lb (1700 kg);(5) Less than 2030 mm (80 in) in overall width, exclusiveof accessories;(6) Engine displacement equal to or less than 1,000cc(61ci).73.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, seeTerminolog
21、y F1773, Guides F1993, F2209, and F2751.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training criteria forATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel.4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any establishedprotocols of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local,or regional govern
22、ments.4.3 Every person who is identified as an ATV-ROHV OpsEndorsed individual shall have met the requirements of thisguide.4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards,it does not imply that an ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individualis a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed mem
23、-ber of an agency or organization.4.4.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the require-ments and qualifications for its team member ratings.4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from addingadditional requirements for its own members.4.5 A person meeting the requirements of this guide does
24、not necessarily possess adequate field skills and knowledge tomake mission-critical decisions.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is anoutline of the topics required for training or evaluating ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel.4.7 This guide is an outline of the topics required for
25、training or evaluating ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personneland may be used to assist in the development of a trainingdocument or program.4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a document todetermine if its content includes the topics necessary fortraining individuals to be ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed person-ne
26、l. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existingtraining program to see if it meets the requirements in thisguide.4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in thefollowing sections are not in any particular order and do notrepresent a training sequence.4.10 This guide does not st
27、and alone and must be used withother ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, andabilities needed for ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel toperform safely and effectively.4.11 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall documenttraining by completion of a position task book, compliant withASTM F3068,
28、 or by field demonstration under qualifiedsupervision.4.11.1 Where proficiency in a skill or ability must bedemonstrated, unless stated otherwise it shall be demonstratedfor initial qualification, and as often as required by the AHJ.4.11.2 Proficiency shall be demonstrated to a qualifiedobserver as
29、defined by the AHJ.5. Operators Equipment5.1 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individuals shall wear thefollowing personal protective equipment (PPE) while operat-ing an ATV or ROHV:5.1.1 A full face or open face helmet which meets at leastone of the following approvals or certifications:85.1.1.1 Certified in
30、accordance with ASTM F3103;4http:/www.ansi.org/5http:/www.smf.org/standards/m/2015/M2015FinalFinal6Definition from ANSI SVIA 1-2010.7Definition from ANSI/ROHVA-1-2011: Recreational Off-Highway Vehicles.8Helmets that are only certified in accordance withANSI Z90.4 or DOT FMVSS218 are not recommended.
31、 For more information see: http:/ 1625.1.1.2 Approved by the Snell Memorial Foundation pertheir M2015 standard;5.1.1.3 Certified by the Consumer Product Safety Commis-sion (CPSC).5.1.2 Safety goggles or a face shield, if an open face helmetis used;5.1.3 Riding gloves with knuckle padding;5.1.4 Cut a
32、nd abrasion resistant over the calf protection.5.2 An ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individual shall carryadditional mission-specific equipment, as determined by theAHJ.6. Operators Vehicle6.1 The ATV or ROHV operated by an ATV-ROHV OpsEndorsed individual must be certified to be in compliance withthe requir
33、ements of ANSI SVIA 1-2010, ANSI/ROHVA-1-2011, or ANSI/OPEI B71.9-2012, as applicable.6.2 The ATV or ROHV shall be properly sized for the age,height, and weight of the operator, in accordance with therelevant provisions of ANSI SVIA-1 2010, ANSI/ROHVA-1-2011, or ANSI/OPEI B71.9-2012, as applicable.6
34、.3 The ATV or ROHV shall be equipped with a vehicle-specific tool kit.6.4 The ATV or ROHV shall be equipped with spare partsfor field repairs. Refer to Appendix X1 for a list of recom-mended spare parts.6.5 The ATV or ROHV shall be equipped with emergencyequipment for use in the event the vehicle is
35、 stuck or disabledin the field. Refer to Appendix X2 for a list of recommendedemergency equipment.6.6 The ATV or ROHV shall be equipped with a basic firstaid kit.6.7 An ATV or ROHV to be operated in remote areas shallbe equipped with a basic survival kit. Refer to Appendix X3 fora list of recommende
36、d survival equipment.7. Operator Skills and Abilities7.1 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall have suc-cessfully completed one of the following ATV or ROHVoperators safety training courses, suited to the vehicle type:7.1.1 ATV Safety Institute9ATV RiderCourseSM;7.1.2 VFIS10UTV/ATV Safety Training c
37、ourse;7.1.3 ROV eCourse11and a ROV Basic Driver Course(RBDC);7.1.4 State-, agency-, or AHJ-approved ATV or ROHVoperators safety training course.7.2 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall demonstratethe ability to perform a pre-ride inspection of an ATV orROHV, checking the following:7.2.1 Drive chain
38、 (if present) properly adjusted and lubri-cated;7.2.2 Drive chain (if present) shows little or no wear;7.2.3 Drive shaft (if present) has correct amount of lubricantand no lubricant leaks;7.2.4 Handlebars are secure and properly aligned;7.2.5 Foot rests are secure;7.2.6 Throttle moves smoothly, clos
39、es when released, andworks properly throughout the full range of motion of thehandlebars or pedal;7.2.7 Ignition switch works smoothly and is not worn;7.2.8 Engine stop switch works correctly;7.2.9 Brakes, including hand brake, work smoothly andcorrectly, and brake handles or pedals are positioned t
40、o suit theoperator;7.2.10 Gear shift is firmly attached and properly positionedfor safe operation;7.2.11 Headlights function properly;7.2.12 Tail lights, including brake lights, function properly;7.2.13 Pressure is correct in all tires and equal on both sides;7.2.14 Tires show no cuts, punctures, or
41、 other damagewhich could lead to leaks;7.2.15 Axle nuts are tight and securing pins are in place;7.2.16 Wheel lug nuts are tight;7.2.17 Wheel bearings show minimal play or looseness;7.2.18 Fuel tank is full and fuel system has no evident leaks;7.2.19 Oil level is correct and no leaks are evident;7.2
42、.20 Spark arrestor or muffler is firmly attached andworking properly;7.2.21 Air filter is clean, not damaged, and is not blocked.7.3 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall demonstratethe ability to perform at least the following on an ATV orROHV in the field:7.3.1 Repair a flat tire;7.3.2 Replace a s
43、park plug;7.3.3 Adjust drive chain (if present).7.4 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall demonstratethe knowledge and skills:7.4.1 With no other assistance safely lift and stabilize anATV or ROHV in the following situations:7.4.1.1 Vehicle sitting upright;7.4.1.2 Vehicle rolled on its side;7.4.1.3
44、Vehicle overturned on roof or handlebars.7.4.2 With assistance, safely and properly right an over-turned ATV or ROHV;7.4.3 Use a winch, come-a-long, or other mechanical deviceto free a stuck ATV or ROV;7.4.4 Properly rig and tow a disabled ATV or ROHV.7.5 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall demons
45、tratethe ability to properly load, unload, and secure an ATV orROHV for transport.7.6 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall demonstratethe ability to carry a passenger, or passengers, on an ATV orROHV intended for that use.7.7 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel shall demonstratethe ability to brief a p
46、assenger, or passengers, on how to safelyride on an ATV or ROHV.9http:/www.atvsafety.org10http:/ 1637.8 An ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individual shall have theability, and shall be equipped, to be self-supporting in the fieldfor a minimum of 24 hours.8. Keywords8.1 all terrain vehicle; ATV; ROHV; ROV; si
47、de by side;utility vehicle; UTVAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RECOMMENDED SPARE PARTS, TOOLS, AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTX1.1 Recommended Spare PartsX1.1.1 Spark plug (2);X1.1.2 Headlight bulb (2);X1.1.3 Water, for cooling water refill 2 qt. (2 liter)minimum;X1.1.4 Motor oil 1 qt. (1liter) mini
48、mum;X1.1.5 Tire pressure gauge low pressure;X1.1.6 Hose clamps multiple sizes;X1.1.7 Nylon zip ties multiple sizes;X1.1.8 Duct tape;X1.1.9 Electrical tape.X2. RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTX2.1 Recommended Emergency EquipmentX2.1.1 Tow strap or rope;X2.1.2 Shackles or cable links rated for equipmen
49、t weight;X2.1.3 Snatch block;X2.1.4 Straps for securing gear;X2.1.5 Non-slip loading ramps;X2.1.6 Fire extinguisher ABC;X2.1.7 Horn canned air;X2.1.8 Road flares 3 minimum;X2.1.9 Handheld spot lamp or equivalent;X2.1.10 Small shovel;X2.1.11 Parachute cord 50 ft (15m);X2.1.12 Drinking water minimum 2 qt (2 liters);X2.1.13 Map;X2.1.14 Compass.X2.1.15 Tools for tire repair, tire patch kit and tire inflationdevice.X3. RECOMMENDED SUR
