1、Designation: F3198 18Standard Specification forLight Sport Aircraft Manufacturers Continued OperationalSafety (COS) Program1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-ments for a Continued Operational Safety (COS) program
3、formanufacturers of light sport aircraft and light sport aircraftkits.1.2 This specification applies to aircraft seeking civil avia-tion authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flightpermits, or other like documentation.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas stan
4、dard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and de
5、ter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mend
6、ations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development ofMaintenance Manuals for Light Sport Aircraft3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Notice of Correction Action (Notice
7、)a formal com-munication of mandatory, non-mandatory, or helpful COSinformation to relevant LSA owners/operators.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 CAACivil Aviation Authority3.2.2 COScontinued operational safety3.2.3 LSAlight-sport aircraft4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to establis
8、h a methodby which unsafe conditions and service difficulty issues arereported, evaluated, and corrected for the purpose of COS of alight-sport aircraft (LSA).5. Continued Operational Safety Program5.1 Manufacturers must develop and implement a COSprogram in accordance with the requirements establis
9、hedwithin this specification. The elements of the COS programestablished herein include the following:5.1.1 Communication and Owner Information5.1.2 Determination of Corrective Action5.1.3 Notice of Corrective Action5.1.4 Continuation of Airworthiness5.2 Assignment of DutiesManufacturers may assign
10、COSsupport duties to other entities.5.2.1 In the case of assignment, the manufacturer retainsCOS responsibility for the accomplishment of these activities.5.2.2 All assignment authorizations must be documentedwithin the manufacturers COS program.5.3 Owner Requests:5.3.1 If an owner submits written c
11、omments and questionsregarding any mandatory Notice, the issuing organization mustrespond in writing and in a timely manner to any such request.A record of the request and response must be retained with therecords of the Notice.5.3.2 Manufacturers must consider proposals from ownersfor alternate mea
12、ns of compliance to a mandatory Notice(s)and must, in a timely manner, issue an acceptance or denial inwriting to the owner requesting the alternative. If an alternativemeans of compliance is made available, then this alternativemust be communicated to other owners affected by the notice.1This speci
13、fication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on LightSport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on CrossCutting.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published May 2018. DOI: 10.1520/F3198-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
14、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis internati
15、onal standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committ
16、ee.16. Communication and Owner Information6.1 The manufacturer must provide, with the delivery ofeach LSA, COS instructions that include, at a minimum, thefollowing items:6.1.1 A listing of owner responsibilities for COS, including:6.1.1.1 The responsibility of the owner to provide currentcontact in
17、formation to the manufacturer that is suitable fordelivery of COS Notices.6.1.1.2 The responsibility of the owner to notify the manu-facturer of any unsafe condition or service difficulty (faults,malfunctions, defects, and other occurrences) immediatelyupon discovery. This notification must be made
18、in a manneracceptable to the manufacturer.6.1.1.3 The responsibility of the owner to read and comply,as specified within the Notice, with any Notices of CorrectiveAction provided by the manufacturer as well as all applicableconsensus standards and CAA regulations in regard to main-taining the airwor
19、thiness of the LSA.6.1.1.4 The responsibility to understand that the owner maysubmit written comments and questions regarding any manda-tory Notice to the organization who issued the Notice.6.1.2 A method for the owner to report unsafe conditionsand service difficulty issues to the manufacturer.6.1.
20、3 A method for the owner to obtain and verify that theyhave the latest COS information developed by the manufac-turer.6.1.4 A method for the owner to update their contactinformation with the manufacturer.6.2 The manufacturer must maintain a current owner listthat includes all aircraft in service by
21、serial number withcontact information for the owner(s) as provided by the methodin 6.1.4 or as specified below.6.2.1 In cases where the presiding CAA records of regis-tered owners is sufficient for tracking aircraft and the manu-facturer has access to such records, the manufacturer may electto utili
22、ze such records for complying with this section.6.2.2 The annual condition inspection checklist for theaircraft must include a check for the accuracy of aircraftidentification and registration information (as applicable).7. Determination of Corrective Action7.1 Manufacturer must promptly and fully i
23、nvestigate allreported potential unsafe conditions or service difficulties.7.2 Manufacturers must evaluate all unsafe condition orservice difficulty reports as well as any resulting action taken.Permanent records of the reports as well as the evaluation,decisions, and any actions must be retained.7.
24、3 Manufacturers who utilize components from outsidesources must evaluate any formal safety directive, servicebulletin, notification, or other product notice from the outsidesources to determine the safety effect on the manufacturersfleet.7.4 If a manufacturer determines that an unsafe conditionexist
25、s or could develop that stems from a component suppliedby an outside source, then the manufacturer must communicatethis concern to the outside source for further investigation.7.5 A CAA may issue Airworthiness Directives (ADs)against items utilized in an LSA. Manufacturers must evaluateany such dire
26、ctives to determine the safety effect and correctiveaction on the manufacturers fleet.7.6 The procedures in Appendix X1 to determine the“Safety Risk” and associated actions related to the reportedproblem provide an acceptable method to show compliancewith the requirements of this section.7.7 Manufac
27、turers must not use Safety Directives or othermandatory notices to promote or make upgrades or equipmentchanges to the aircraft that are not related to the resolution ofunsafe conditions. These situations include, but are not limitedto, circumstances in which service publications are issued toimprov
28、e or enhance the following:7.7.1 Spare part sales;7.7.2 Aircraft performance, capability, or efficiency, unlessthe change is needed for the aircraft to meet the minimumdesign and performance standards identified in the consensusstandard and the manufacturers statement of compliance;7.7.3 Aircraft ap
29、pearance;7.7.4 Aircraft maintainability not shown to have signifi-cance in the prevention of unsafe conditions.7.7.5 Any other aircraft characteristic when the action calledfor does not remedy an unsafe condition, including anycondition related to reliability which does not have an impacton unsafe c
30、onditions.8. Notice of Corrective Action8.1 Upon determination that corrective action is warranted(based upon the manufacturers Determination of CorrectiveAction as described in Section 7), the manufacturer must issuea Notice to all known owners of affected LSAs.8.1.1 Notices must contain the follow
31、ing information, whenavailable:8.1.1.1 The name, postal address, web address, and tele-phone number of the issuing entity,8.1.1.2 The date the Notice is released,8.1.1.3 The date the Notice takes effect,8.1.1.4 Deadlines (by calendar or flight time) for completionof any required corrective action. I
32、f no deadline is required theword “Unspecified” can be used.8.1.1.5 The make and model of the affected LSA(s),8.1.1.6 The serial number of the affected LSA(s),8.1.1.7 A unique identifier for the Notice,8.1.1.8 The unique identifier of a superseded Notice(s), ifapplicable,8.1.1.9 The page number and
33、total number of pages.8.1.1.10 Instructions for documentation of successfulcompletion of the corrective action in the aircraft records.8.1.2 The first page must contain, in large bold uppercaseletters, one of the following titles:8.1.2.1 “SAFETY DIRECTIVE” or “SAFETYALERT” forNotices that require ac
34、tion to correct an unsafe condition thatis likely to occur in other aircraft of the same model.NOTE 1The terms Safety Directive or Safety Alert have the samemeaning. The governing CAA rules may define which term is appropriate.The use of “SAFETY DIRECTIVE/ALERT” for the title is acceptable.F3198 182
35、8.1.2.2 “SERVICE BULLETIN” for Notices of actionsconsidered necessary by the manufacturer to prevent an unsafecondition from developing in the fleet.8.1.2.3 “SERVICE LETTER” for Notices that do not nec-essarily recommend future action but are primarily for prom-ulgation of COS information.8.2 Safety
36、 Directive:8.2.1 Manufacturer must issue a Safety Directive when acondition is found to exist or could exist in the manufacturersfleet that may cause an unsafe condition for flight.8.2.2 The original manufacturer is responsible for providinginstructions on compliance to a Safety Directive. Instructi
37、onsmust be in a format consistent with and contain all of theinformation required for maintenance, repair, or inspectiontasks in the affected aircraft(s) Maintenance Manual.8.2.3 Manufacturer must require corrective action detailedin a Safety Directive to be mandatory.8.3 Service Bulletin:8.3.1 Manu
38、facturer must issue a Service Bulletin to allrelevant owners for Notices of actions considered necessary bythe manufacturer to prevent an unsafe condition from devel-oping in the fleet.8.3.2 The manufacturer must state in the bulletin if theaction(s) prescribed in the bulletin are mandatory.NOTE 2Se
39、rvice Bulletins identified as “mandatory” by the manufac-turer may not be required by regulation for a given aircraft dependingupon the governing CAA regulations.8.3.3 Manufacturer must include in the Service Bulletininstructions for documentation of compliance to the ServiceBulletin in the aircraft
40、 records.8.4 Service Letter:8.4.1 Manufacturer may issue a Service Letter to all knownowners on any subject considered by the manufacturer to behelpful to the owners but not mandatory or necessary.9. Continuation of Airworthiness9.1 Copies MaintainedTo help ensure COS support ofaircraft in service,
41、the manufacturer must maintain documen-tation on file for each aircraft produced showing compliancewith applicable standards and regulations. This documentation,including any Safety Directives, must be copied and stored ata physically safe location, such that a fire or other similarcircumstance is u
42、nlikely to destroy both sets of information.9.2 Access AssuranceThe documentation from 9.1 shouldbe available in such a manner that it can be retrieved for COSsupport. The original manufacturer may either keep thesedocuments on file so that they will be available at any futuredate, or must turn them
43、 over to a responsible entity such asanother manufacturer, type club, user group, or other interestedparty for safekeeping. Any acquisition of documentation forpurposes of maintaining airworthiness must follow the thenapplicable laws or rules concerning intellectual property rights.10. Keywords10.1
44、continued operational safety; COS; light-sport aircraft;safety directive; service bulletin; service letterAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. OPERATIONAL SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDUREX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 This process of performing a risk assessment is forLSA manufacturers to use in order to
45、determine appropriatecorrective action on aircraft service difficulty or unsafe condi-tion reports. Note that all operational situations are unique andthat manufacturer experience or judgment may result in adifferent action taken than that prescribed by this procedure.X1.1.2 Safety Directive/Alert N
46、otices are required to ad-dress unsafe conditions, but the determination of which typesof service problems should be considered as unsafe conditionsis generally dependent upon the type and use of aircraft, andthe effect a particular condition may have on the continued safeoperation of the aircraft.X
47、1.2 DefinitionsX1.2.1 Safety EffectThe actual service report or potentialconsequences of the service issue. The more adverse theconsequences, the higher the risk weighting. The weighting foreach safety effect is shown below.X1.2.2 Catastrophic Effect (4)High potential for loss ofaircraft and fatalit
48、ies.X1.2.3 Hazardous Effect (3)Large reduction in functionalcapabilities or safety margins that may cause serious or fatalinjuries.X1.2.4 Major Effect (2)Significant reduction in functionalcapabilities or safety margins that may cause physical discom-fort or a significant increase in workload, possi
49、ble injuries, orfatalities.X1.2.5 Minor Effect (1)Slight reduction in functionalcapabilities or safety margins that may cause an increase inworkload or require use of emergency procedures.X1.2.6 Operational UseOperational use may play a rolein determining appropriate corrective action by impacting thepriority in which the corrective action is accomplished.X1.2.6.1 TrainersRigorous operational use demanded.Large number or takeoffs, landings, and power changes perflight hour tends to accelerate wear; accumulates hours quicklyand is usually maintained under a st
