1、Designation: G 195 08Standard Guide forConducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform, Double-Head Abraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establish-ing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexiblemater
3、ials utilizing the rotary platform, double-head abraser(RPDH).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionEnglish units are used when determiningcoating thickness.1.3 This standard does not purport to addr
4、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 501 Test Met
5、hod for Relative Resistance to Wear ofUnglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber AbraserC 1353 Test Method Using the Taber Abraser for AbrasionResistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot TrafficD 1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plasticsto Surface AbrasionD 3389 Test Method for Coated Fabr
6、ics Abrasion Resis-tance (Rotary Platform Abrader)D 3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and PowderCoatingsD 3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance InteriorArchi-tectural Wall CoatingsD 3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D 4060 Test Method fo
7、r Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD 4685 Test Method for Pile Fabric AbrasionD 4712 Guide for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coat-ingsD 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongati
8、on ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D 5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards inNuclear Power PlantsD 5146 Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coat-ingsD 5324 Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coat-ingsD 6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance ofHigh Gloss Coat
9、ingsD 7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)F 362 Test Method for Determining the Erasability of InkedRibbonsF 510 Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion of ResilientFloor Coverings Using an Abrader with a Grit FeedMethodF 1344 Specification for Rubb
10、er Floor TileF 1478 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion Resis-tance of Images Produced from Copiers and Printers (TaberMethod)F 1978 Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance ofMetallic Thermal Spray Coatings by Using the TaberAbraserG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion3. Terminolo
11、gy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abraserwear testing instrument to evaluate abrasionresistance, also referred to as an abrader.3.1.2 abrasion cyclein abrasion testing, one or moremovements of the abradant across a material surface, or thematerial surface across the abradant
12、, that permits a return to its1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear andErosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
13、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.startin
14、g position. In the case of the rotary platform test method,it consists of one complete rotation of the specimen.3.1.3 resurfaceprocedure of cleaning and refreshing therunning surface of an abrasive wheel prior to use in testing.3.2 For definitions of other wear terms used in this testmethod, refer t
15、o Terminology G40.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Aspecimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action undercontrolled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The testspecimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a verticalaxis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. Oneabrading wheel
16、rubs the specimen outward toward the periph-ery and the other, inward toward the center. The resultingabrasion marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area ofapproximately 30 cm2. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated byvarious means which are described in Section 12.5. Significance and Use5.1 Th
17、is test guide provides a means to quantify the abra-sion resistance of material surfaces, and may be related toend-use performance, or used to comparatively rank materialperformance, or both. The resistance of material surfaces toabrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, isgenera
18、lly only one of several factors contributing to wearperformance as experienced in the actual use of the material.Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation ofpredicted life from specific abrasion data.5.2 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion may beaffected by factors inclu
19、ding test conditions; type of abradant;pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting ortension of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishingmaterials.5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform, double headabraser may be subject to variation due to changes in theabradant during
20、 the course of specific tests. Depending onabradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surfacemay change (i.e. become clogged) due to the pick-up offinishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce thisvariation, the abrading wheels should be resurfaced at regularlydefined interval
21、s. See Appendix X2.5.4 The measurement of the relative amount of abrasionmay be affected by the method of evaluation and influenced bythe judgment of the operator.6. Apparatus6.1 Rotary Platform, Double-Head (RPDH) Abraser, con-sisting of the elements described in 6.1.1 to 6.1.5 (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 A
22、 turntable specimen platform, which is removable,that includes a rubber pad, clamp plate, centrally locatedthreaded post and nut. When testing flexible specimens, thespecimen platform will also include a clamping ring. Theturntable shall be motor driven, and mounted so as to producea circular surfac
23、e travel of a flat specimen in the plane of itssurface. The specimen platform should rotate with no visiblewobble. This can be checked with a dial indicator at the topouter edge of the platform to make sure it runs true within 0.5mm.6.1.2 A motor capable of rotating the turntable platform at aspeed
24、of either 72 6 2 rpm or 60 6 2 rpm.6.1.3 A pair of pivoted arms to which the abrasive wheelsand accessory weights or counterweights are attached.6.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pickup nozzleto remove debris and abrasive particles from the specimensurface during testing. The vacuum suction f
25、orce shall be 137millibar (55 in. of water column) or greater, as measured by avacuum gage at the vacuum pick-up nozzle port. The height ofthe vacuum pickup nozzle shall be adjustable, and the nozzlewill have two 8 mm openings. One opening shall be positionedbetween the two wheels and over the wear
26、path and the otherplaced diametrically opposite, with the distance between theaxes of the two openings 76.0 6 1.0 mm.6.1.5 A counter to record the number of abrasion cycles(revolutions) made by the turntable platform.6.2 Abrasive Wheels,3which are attached to the free end ofthe pivoted arms and are
27、able to rotate freely about horizontalspindles.6.2.1 The wheels shall be 12.7 6 0.3 mm thick and have anexternal diameter of 51.9 6 0.5 mm when new, and in no caseless than 44.4 mm. The abrasive wheels are either resilient orvitrified based, with both types of wheels consisting of hardparticles embe
28、dded in a binder material and manufactured indifferent grades of abrasive quality. Other types of wheels,which do not include hard particles embedded in a bindermaterial, may also be used.6.2.2 The internal faces of the abrasive wheels shall be 52.46 1.0 mm apart and the hypothetical line through th
29、e twospindles shall be 19.05 6 0.3 mm away from the central axisof the turntable (see Fig. 2). The wheels should be spacedequally on both sides from the wheel-mounting flange to thecenter of the specimen holder. The distance from the inside ofthe wheel mounting flange to the center of the specimen h
30、oldershall be 38.9 6 0.5 mm.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments w
31、ill receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Rotary Platform, Double-Head (RPDH) AbraserG1950826.2.3 When resting on the specimen, the wheels will have aperipheral engagement with the surface of the specimen, thedirection of travel
32、 of the periphery of the wheels and of thespecimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, andthe angles of travel of one wheel periphery being opposite tothat of the other. Motion of the abrasive wheels, in oppositedirections, is provided by rotation of the specimen and theassociated fric
33、tion therefrom.6.2.4 Prior to testing, ensure the expiration date has notpassed for resilient wheels.6.3 Accessory Weights , can be attached to the pivoted armsto increase or decrease the force at which the wheel is pressedagainst the specimen, exclusive of the mass of the wheel itself.Commonly used
34、 masses are 250 6 1g,5006 1 g, and 10006 1 g. Accessory weight references are per arm (not com-bined), and include the mass of the pivoted arm.6.4 Auxiliary Apparatus:6.4.1 Refacing disc, for resurfacing of resilient wheels. Therefacing disc shall be 150 grit silicon carbide coated abrasiveproduct,
35、approximately 102 mm diameter with a 7-mm centerhole, such as type S-11 or equivalent.6.4.2 Refacing stone (for example, fine side of ST-113), forresurfacing of CS-10F3resilient wheels when testing transpar-ent materials.6.4.3 Wheel refacer, with a diamond tool for resurfacingvitrified wheels or cor
36、recting out of round wheels.6.4.4 Asoft bristle brush, to remove loose particles from thesurface of the specimen after testing.6.4.5 Specimen mounting cards, approximately 108 mmround or square with a 7-mm center hole and one side coatedwith pressure sensitive adhesive to secure specimens.7. Specime
37、n Preparation7.1 MaterialsIt is the intent of this test guide to allow forthe abrasion testing of any material form, provided it isessentially flat. The field of application is varied and includessolid materials, metals, plastics, coated surfaces (for example,paint, lacquer, electroplated), textiles
38、 (ranging from sheer silksto heavy upholstery), leather, rubber, linoleum, and the rest.7.1.1 Accepted industry practice should be employed forspecimen preparation. Specific recommendations for specimenpreparation may be available from the ASTM subcommitteeresponsible for that material. Selection an
39、d use should beagreed upon between the interested parties.7.2 Specimen ThicknessThe standard material thicknessthat can be evaluated with the rotary platform abraser is 6.35mm or less.NOTE 1For materials thicker than 6.35 mm but less than 12.7 mm, anextension nut such as type S-213or equivalent may
40、be used. Alternatively,an arm height extension kit3will permit testing of specimens up to 40 mm.7.3 Specimen SizeThe width of the resulting wear path is12.7 mm, and is located 31.75 mm from the center of thespecimen. The size of the specimen may vary depending on thematerial being evaluated:FIG. 2 C
41、entral Axis of the TurntableG1950837.3.1 For most rigid materials, a sample approximately 100mm square is recommended with a 6.35 mm diameter centerhole.7.3.2 Flexible specimens are typically circular and requirethe use of the clamp ring. If a mounting card is used, thespecimen should be approximate
42、ly 105 mm in diameter with a6.35 mm diameter center hole. If no mounting card is used, anapproximately 135 mm specimen is required such that theclamp ring will grip overlapped material. The specimen shouldinclude a 6.35 mm diameter hole in the center of the specimen.A sample cutter or die has been f
43、ound useful for preparingflexible specimens.7.4 Mounting CardCertain flexible specimens maywrinkle or shift during testing. To prevent this, a mounting cardwith a pressure sensitive adhesive may be used. Prior toadhering, clean the back of the specimen with a soft bristlebrush to remove any loose de
44、bris. Position the specimen on thecard such that the specimen is free of folds, creases, or wrinklesand the center holes align.8. Preparation and Set-Up of Apparatus8.1 The following set-up parameters are dependent on thetype of material being evaluated and shall be agreed upon bythe interested part
45、ies. See Appendix X1 for guidance.8.1.1 Selection of WheelsAbrasive wheels manufacturedin different grades are commercially available.38.2 Vacuum SuctionThe vacuum suction force should beadjusted to lift the abraded particles, but not lift the specimen.8.3 Vacuum Pickup NozzleThe gap between the vac
46、uumpickup nozzle and the specimen surface should be adjustedafter the specimen has been mounted. A gap of 7 6 1mmhasbeen found to be sufficient for most materials. On certain rigidmaterials, a setting of 3 mm has been found to be moreeffective.8.4 Abrading Wheel LoadingThe mass selected shouldpermit
47、 a minimum number of abrasion cycles (i.e. 150) beforethe end of the test occurs. A mass of 500 g or 1000 g appliedper wheel has been found to be sufficient for materials that areconsidered to be durable. A mass of 250 g or 500 g applied perwheel has been found to be sufficient for less durable mate
48、rials.9. Standardization of Abrasive Wheels9.1 Preparation of Resilient Abrading WheelsTo ensurethat the abrading function of the wheels is maintained at aconstant level, prepare the resilient wheels according to themanufacturers recommendations. See Appendix X2.9.2 Preparation of Vitrified Abrading
49、 WheelsVitrifiedwheels do not require resurfacing unless the abrading surfacebecomes clogged, chipped or out of round. A wheel refacershould be used to correct any of these conditions.10. Conditioning10.1 Prior to testing, condition all specimens according toestablished procedures specific to the material being evaluatedor as agreed upon by the interested parties.11. Procedure11.1 Mount the wheels on their respective flanged holders,taking care not to handle them by their abrasive surfaces. Priorto testing, ensure that the wheels have been resurfaced accord-ing to Secti
