1、Designation: G86 98a (Reapproved 2011)G86 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to MechanicalImpact in Ambient Liquid Oxygen and Pressurized Liquidand Gaseous Oxygen Environments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G86; the number immediately followi
2、ng the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2 descr
3、ibes test equipment and techniques to determine the impact sensitivity of materials in oxygen undertwo different conditions: (1) in ambient pressure liquid oxygen (LOX) or (2) under pressure-controlled conditions in LOX orgaseous oxygen (GOX). It is applicable to materials for use in LOX or GOX syst
4、ems at pressures from ambient to 68.9 MPa (0to 10 000 psig). The test method described herein addresses testing with pure oxygen environments; however, otheroxygen-enriched fluids may be substituted throughout this document.1.2 This test method provides a means for ranking nonmetallic materials as d
5、efined in Guide G63 for use in liquid and gaseousoxygen systems and may not be directly applicable to the determination of the sensitivity of the materials in an end-useconfiguration. This test method may be used to provide batch-to batch acceptance data. This test method may provide a means foreval
6、uating metallic materials in oxygen-enriched atmospheres also; however, Guide G94 should be consulted for preferred testingmethods.1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address
7、all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 9.1.5 This inter
8、national standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Comm
9、ittee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4080 Specification for Trichloroethylene, Technical and Vapor-Degreasing GradeG63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen ServiceG88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen ServiceG93 Practice for Cle
10、aning Methods and Cleanliness Levels for Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched EnvironmentsG94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service2.2 Military Document:4MIL-D-16791 Detergent, General Purpose (Liquid, Non-ionic), Type One2.3 American Chemical Society:5Trichloroethylene, Reagent G
11、rade1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the directresponsibility of G04.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2017. Published April 2011February 2018. Origina
12、lly approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asG86 - 98aG86 98a(2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/G0086-98AR11.10.1520/G0086-17.2 NASA Handbook 8060.1B, Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Mechanical Impact Test, Sept. 1981, pp. 4-72.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websi
13、te, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphi
14、a, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.5 Available from American Chemical Society (ACS), 1155 Sixteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.acs.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been m
15、ade to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Co
16、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 Compressed Gas Association:6G-4 OxygenG-4.1 Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen ServiceG-4.3 Oxygen, Gaseous, Type I BG-4.3 Oxygen, Liquid, Type II BG-10.1 Nitrogen, Gaseous, Type I BG-10.1
17、Nitrogen, Liquid, Type II B2.5 NASA Standard:7NSS 1740.15 Safety Standard for Oxygen and Oxygen Systems6 Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http:/.7 Available from National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration (NASA), NASA Headquarte
18、rs, Suite 1M32, Washington, DC 20546.G86 1722.6 ASTM Adjuncts:ABMA-Type Impact Tester and Anvil83. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 energy threshold, nthe highest impact energy level at a given pressure for which the passing criteria have been met.3.1.2 GOX, ngaseo
19、us oxygen.3.1.3 LOX, nliquid oxygen.3.1.4 mechanical impact, na blow delivered by a plummet that has been dropped from a preestablishedpre-established heightonto a striker pin in contact with a sample.3.1.5 reaction, na chemical change or transformation in the sample initiated by a mechanical impact
20、.3.1.5.1 DiscussionA reaction from ambient pressure, LOX mechanical impact may be determined by an audible report, an electronically or visuallydetected flash, obvious charring of the sample, cup, sample cup assembly, or striker pin.3.1.5.2 DiscussionReactions in pressurized LOX or GOX are typically
21、 indicated by an abrupt increase in test sample temperature, chamber pressure,and light levels and may be supplemented by obvious changes in odor, color, or material appearance as a result of thermaldecompositions observed during examination after the test.3.1.6 pressure threshold, nthe highest pres
22、sure at a given impact energy level for which the passing criteria have been met.3.1.6 energy threshold, nthe highest impact energy level at a given pressure for which the passing criteria have been met.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The mechanical impact test system is designed to expose material sam
23、ples to mechanical impact in the presence of liquidor gaseous oxygen at pressures from ambient to 68.9 MPa (0 to 10 000 psig). The basic drop towertest system configurationconsists of: an electromagnet, a plummet, plummet guide tracks, plummet hold/release mechanism, base plate, anvil plate, aspecim
24、ensample cup assembly holder, sample cup, cup assembly, and striker pin (see Fig. 1). For tests conducted underpressure-controlled conditions, the anvil plate and specimensample cup assembly holder are replaced with a test chamber equippedwith a striker pin or striker pin counterloader (see Fig. 2),
25、 test chamber purge, pressurization and vent systems (see Fig. 3), anda plummet catcher (see Fig. 4). The general procedure is to prepare the test sample and record significant pretest data.4.2 Ambient LOX Impact TestThe test conditions (pressure and temperature) are the ambient pressure of the test
26、 facility andthe boiling point of LOX at that pressure. Each sample is placed into a specimensample cup assembly (see Fig. 5), , Fig. 11, andFig. 14), precooled in a sample freezing box (Fig. 6), covered with LOX, and placed in the sample cup assembly holder seater inthe anvil assembly of the impact
27、 tester. The plummet is dropped from a selected height onto the striker pin, which transmits theenergy to the test sample. Observation for any reaction is made and noted. Drop tests are continued using a fresh sample, samplecup, cup assembly, and striker pin for each drop until the threshold level i
28、s determined or the test series is completed.NOTE 1When testing samples that are sometimes capable of initiating false reactions with the aluminum cups, use stainless steel disks as falsebottoms in the cups. To minimize interaction, insert disks should be used between abrasive samples and one-piece
29、cups, or sample cup assemblies/holderswith a steel base (Fig. 11 and Fig. 14) should be used in place of aluminum one-piece cups.4.3 For materials tested in pressurized LOX or GOX, each sample is placed in the test chamber. The test chamber is filled withliquid or gaseous oxygen, pressurized to the
30、required test pressure, and the striker pin or striker pin counterloader is pressed downagainst the top of the test sample. The plummet is dropped from a selected height onto the striker pin or striker pin counterloader.Instrumentation devices that monitor the test chamber interior for pressure, tem
31、perature, and light emission provide evidence oftest sample reaction. The sample is removed from the chamber, and the sample is inspected for other evidence of reaction suchas odor or charring. Drop tests are continued using a fresh sample, sample holder, and striker pin or striker pin counterloader
32、 foreach drop, until the threshold level is determined or the test series is completed. Additional modifications to the above procedureare required when testing is performed at temperatures above ambient.4.4 This test method may be used to determine the impact sensitivity of a material, batch-to-bat
33、ch acceptance, or to satisfy otherprescribed pass-fail criteria.8 Detailed drawings from the ABMA-Type Impact Tester and Anvil Region Assembly are available at a nominal fee from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr.,Philadelphia, PA 19428. Request Adjunct ADJD2512.G86 1735. Significance and Use5.
34、1 This test method evaluates the relative sensitivity of materials to mechanical impact in ambient pressure liquid oxygen,pressurized liquid oxygen, and pressurized gaseous oxygen.5.2 Any change or variation in test sample configuration, thickness, preparation, or cleanliness may cause a significant
35、 changein impact sensitivity/reaction threshold.5.3 Suggested criteria for discontinuing the tests are: (1) occurrence of two reactions in a maximum of 60 samples or less testedat the maximum energy level of 98 J (72 ftlbf) or one reaction in a maximum of 20 samples tested at any other energy level
36、fora material that fails; (2) no reactions for 20 samples tested at the 98-J (72-ftlbf) energy level; or (3) a maximum of one reactionin 60 samples tested at the maximum energy level.6. Criteria for Acceptance for Ambient LOX and Pressurized LOX and GOX Mechanical Impact Test6.1 To meet the requirem
37、ents for acceptability, the material shall show no reaction when being subjected to 20 successive impacttests tested at 98 J (72 ftlbf) using the equipment described in Section 10.6.2 The test may be discontinued and the materials considered to have failed if there is one reaction in 20 drops at any
38、 energylevel less than 98 J (72 ftlbf).6.3 A material is acceptable after 60 successive impact tests with not more than one reaction at 98 J (72 ftlbf). The test maybe terminated and the material considered to have failed if there are two reactions in 60 tests or less at 98 J (72 ftlbf).6.4 The mate
39、rial shall show none of the following reactions during any of the tests.6.4.1 Audible explosion.6.4.2 Flash (electronically or visually detected).6.4.3 Evidence of burning (obvious charring, see Note 12).6.4.4 Major discoloration (as a result of ignition only rather than other phenomena).6.4.5 A tem
40、perature or pressure spike in elevated temperature tests.NOTE 2A burnt odor alone is not considered sufficient proof that a reaction has occurred. If a reaction occurs (including those during bounce ofFIG. 1 Oxygen Impact Test FrameG86 174plummet), it shall be reported as evidence of sensitivity. In
41、clusion of bounce reactions applies to ambient LOX mechanical impact tests only.6.5 All materials that fail 6.1 criteria and remain candidates for use mustshall be subjected to LOX or GOX mechanical impactenergy threshold determinations in the thickness of use.6.6 The material to be tested must be t
42、raceable back to the original manufacturer and to a specific batch or lot numbers, or both.6.7 The thickness of the sample shall be the worst-case thickness. While the worst-case thickness has been found to vary frommaterial to material, the general trend has been that thinner samples of materials a
43、re generally more reactive.6.8 For the ambient LOX impact test, test conditions (pressure and temperature) are the ambient pressure of the test facility andthe boiling point of LOX at that pressure. For the pressurized test, test conditions (pressure and temperature) shall be determinedfor each test
44、 according to the requirements specified by the requester.1 Pneumatic Amplifier Chamber 9 High-Pressure Chamber2 Equalizer Pin Anvil 10 Sample Cup Assembly3 Equalizer Pin 11 Anvil Nut4 Pneumatic Amplifier Diaphragm 12 High-Pressure Seal5 Pneumatic Amplifier Chamber GN2 13 Pressurization PortCavity 1
45、4 Vent Port6 and 8 Striker Pin 15 Sightglass for Photocell7 High-Pressure SealFIG. 2 Two Types of High-Pressure Test ChambersG86 1756.9 Preparation of the samples for testing involve the following tasks.6.9.1 Receiving the visually inspecting the material.material,6.9.2 Preparing the sample to the s
46、pecified dimensions. dimensions,6.9.3 Cleaning the samples.samples, and6.9.4 Inspecting the samples.7. Sample Preparation7.1 The material to be tested must be traceable back to the original manufacturer and to specific batch or lot numbers, or to both.When received, the test material must be accompa
47、nied by proper identification, for example, product data sheets, batch or lotFIG. 3 Typical Pressurization Piping system for a LOX/GOX Pressurized Test SystemFIG. 4 Typical Plummet Rebound Limiter AssemblyG86 176numbers identifying the sample, material manufacturer, and appropriate material safety d
48、ata sheets. The material must be inspectedto ensure that it is at the worst-case use thickness and any flaws shall be noted. Preparation of samples for testing involve thefollowing tasks: Test material requirements and documentation: (1) receiving and visually inspecting the material, (2) preparings
49、amples to the proper dimensions, (3) cleaning the samples, and (4) inspecting the samples.7.1.1 TraceabilityThe material to be tested may be traceable back to the original manufacturer and to specific batch or lotnumbers, or to both. When received, the test material should be accompanied by proper identification (for example, product datasheets, batch or lot numbers) identifying the sample, material manufacturer, and appropriate material safety data sheets. It is theresponsibility of the procuring authority to identify material traceabil
