1、ISO/ASTM 52901:2016(E)Standard Guide forAdditive Manufacturing General Principles Requirementsfor Purchased AM Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 52901; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision.1. Scope1.1 This document defines and specifies requirements forpurchased parts made by additive manufacturing.1.2 It gives guidelines for the elements to be exchangedbetween the customer and the part provider at the time of theorder, including the customer order informat
3、ion, part definitiondata, feedstock requirements, final part characteristics andproperties, inspection requirements, and part acceptance meth-ods.1.3 It is applicable for use as a basis to obtain parts made byadditive manufacturing that meet minimum acceptance re-quirements. More stringent part requ
4、irements can be specifiedthrough the addition of one or more supplementary require-ments at the time of the order.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment o
5、f International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Normative references2.1 The following documents are referred to in the text insuch a way that some or all of their content constitutesrequirements of this docum
6、ent. For dated references, only theedition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editionof the referenced document (including any amendments) ap-plies.2.2 ASTM Standards:2D3122 Specification for Solvent Cements for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Pipe and Fittings2.3 ISO/ASTM Standard:2,3ISO
7、/ASTM 52921 Standard terminology for additive manu-facturing Coordinate systems and test methodologies2.4 ISO Standard:3ISO 17296-3 Additive manufacturing General principles Part 3: Main characteristics and corresponding test meth-ods3. Terms and definitions3.1 Definitions: For the purposes of this
8、document, theterms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 and thefollowing apply.43.1.1 pre-shipment inspectioninspection carried out by thepart producer on the parts to be supplied according to the partdefinition or on the test units in order to verify that these partsare in compliance with the or
9、der requirements.3.1.2 qualification partpart fabricated prior to commenc-ing production which is used to qualify specific aspects of themanufacturing process or part characteristics in order to use asa basis to initiate production.3.1.3 first production partpart with the same geometry(and with the
10、same tolerances), same material and sameproperties as the one requested by the order that allowsverification by the customer that the production processes arecapable of producing parts that meet the requirements.3.1.4 reference partpart with characteristics similar to thedesired final parts but with
11、 different geometry or scale orfeatures that can be easily measured or characterized.3.1.4.1 DiscussionReference parts are typically sacrificialparts with simple geometries that are used to verify buildproperties and reduce measurement effort.3.1.5 acceptanceagreement between the customer andpart pr
12、ovider that the delivered part(s) meet the purchase orderrequirements.1This international standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42on Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F42.05 on Materials and Processes and also is under the jurisdictio
13、nof ISO/TC 261.Current edition approved Oct. 17, 2016. Published March 2017.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
14、e ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.4ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at thefollowing addresse
15、s: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/and ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp. ISO/ASTM International 2017 All rights reservedThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization esta
16、blished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.6 inspection planSet of instructions specifying theprocess of verification including appropriate res
17、ources andsequence of inspections to be referenced by the manufacturingplan.3.1.7 part providermanufacturer or distributor of partsproduced by an additive manufacturing process.3.1.8 customerperson or group ordering and receivingparts manufactured by additive manufacturing equipment.4. Requirements4
18、.1 General4.1.1 The elements described in 4.2 to 4.5 shall be includedin the purchase order subject to agreement between thecustomer and the part provider. Annex A1 provides a typicalcontent of a purchase order.4.2 Part ordering information4.2.1 The part order shall include the following elements:(a
19、) customer organization and contact information (prefer-ably with points of contact for ordering, payment and deliv-ery);(b) definition of the part(s) to be manufactured;(c) associated conditions of delivery to the customer;(d) other purchase requirements;(e) reference identification of this documen
20、t, i.e. ISO/ASTM 52901 and other relevant national/international regula-tions;(f) customer part order identification (requisition number,requisition date, etc.);(g) designation or description of the part(s) desired (partnumber/identification, revision index, etc.);(h) quantity of parts desired;(i) r
21、equired delivery date, if single order;(j) required delivery quantity, frequency and time durationof the order, if ongoing or multiple orders;(k) required marking or tagging of the parts, including, forexample, labels, serial number, lot number, feedstock type, partproviders reference, inspection id
22、entifier, traceabilityreference, etc.;(l) part packaging requirements for delivery to customer;(m) customer shipping address;4.2.2 The specific values of the elements are subject toagreement between the customer and the part provider.4.3 Definition of the part to be manufactured4.3.1 General4.3.1.1
23、The part definition shall include the following ele-ments: part geometry; tolerances; surface texture; build orientation, if necessary to meet the customerrequirements; feedstock for the part to be manufactured; if necessary tomeet the customer requirements; repair methods (taking into account the t
24、esting categoriesdefined in ISO 17296-3); acceptable imperfections or deviations; process control information.NOTE 1Disclosure of proprietary information is subject to agreementbetween the customer and the part provider.4.3.2 Part geometry4.3.2.1 The part definition shall include the following ele-m
25、ents:(a) the engineering drawing reference (number, index andversion) if applicable,(b) the digital file reference (name, format, version) ifapplicable,(c) the geometry description by:(1) an engineering drawing that fully defines the part, or(2) a digital file containing the 3D model or the partgeom
26、etry information; for electronic data exchanges, the cus-tomer and the part provider shall ensure that the systems usedare compatible, and define:(i) the method for supplying digital files, including levelof confidentiality and methods for data protection,(ii) the format of the electronic data, and(
27、iii) the procedures for creating the digital file (includingsource of the electronic data and conversion requirementsnecessary to produce the digital file).4.3.2.2 The part geometry description documents may besupplied by the customer or by the part provider.NOTE 2The STL file format used by many ad
28、ditive manufacturingmachines does not contain units of measurement as metadata. When onlySTL files are provided by the customer, ordering information is to specifythe units of measurements of the part along with the digital file. Moreinformation about digital files can be found in ISO/ASTM 52915.4.3
29、.3 Tolerances4.3.3.1 The tolerances shall be specified (e.g. generaltolerances, see ISO 2768-1 and ISO 2768-2 and/or specific,ISO 1101), including the definition of functional (e.g. machin-ing allowance for finishing or rework) and aesthetic or cos-metic zones, so that the part provider can orient t
30、he partaccording to the requirements, and decide on the location andtype of part support structures if needed.4.3.4 Surface texture4.3.4.1 The surface texture (also known as surface finish) ofthe part should be specified, if possible by reference to existingstandards (e.g., by using ISO 1302 and/or
31、ISO 25178-1).4.3.4.2 The surface texture requirement may be specified bya maximum value of roughness/waviness for the whole part orby a specific roughness/waviness for one or more criticalsurfaces.NOTE 3The surface texture typically depends on several processparameters including part orientation and
32、 layer thickness.4.3.5 Part manufacturing process4.3.5.1 The desired manufacturing process for building thepart shall be identified, including necessary post processingsteps (e.g. heat treatment, surface finishing).4.3.5.2 The build orientation shall follow the rules given inISO/ASTM 52921.NOTE 4The
33、 build orientation is usually chosen by the part provider tomeet the requirements; however, the customer can specify the buildorientation of the part if needed to achieve specific mechanical properties.4.3.6 Feedstock for the part to be manufacturedISO/ASTM 52901:2016(E)2 ISO/ASTM International 2017
34、 All rights reserved4.3.6.1 The type and/or limits of the chemical compositionof the feedstock for the part to be manufactured shall bespecified by reference to existing standards and/or materialspecifications.4.3.6.2 The purchase order shall mention or reference ap-propriate specifications for: cha
35、racteristics of the feedstock for the part to bemanufactured, storage, handling, and processing requirements for properuse of feedstock and to control its properties, and if necessary to meet the customer requirements, informa-tion about the allowed use of recycled (reused feedstock).NOTE 5If the cu
36、stomer is concerned about the country of origin of thefeedstock or the producer of feedstock, the desired source of feedstockmay be specified.4.3.7 Repair methods4.3.7.1 Any repair shall be communicated to the customerand authorized prior to being performed. The authorized repairmethods (such as rep
37、air by material deposition, welding,gluing, or bonding) and corresponding repair conditions shallbe specified if needed and shall be approved by the customer.4.3.8 Acceptable imperfections(s) or non-conformance4.3.8.1 Allowances for cracks, defects, discontinuities, for-eign material, inclusions, ac
38、ceptable imperfections(s) ordeviation(s), discolorations, and porosity shall be agreed uponbetween the part provider and the customer.4.3.9 Process control information4.3.9.1 Requirements for manufacturing process repeatabil-ity shall be identified, including reference to relevant standardsor measur
39、ement methods for assessing repeatability, particu-larly for orders of multiple parts or expected multiple orders ofthe same part.4.3.9.2 Requirements for documenting process control in-formation during manufacturing shall be identified. Requiredinformation as agreed upon between the part provider a
40、nd thecustomer shall be documented during the manufacturing andincluded in the quality record for theAM part as retained by thepart provider. The retention period for the quality record andthe process control information to be transmitted to thecustomer shall be agreed upon between the customer and
41、theprovider.4.3.10 Authorized outside service providers4.3.10.1 If authorized outside service providers are required(e.g. for post treatment, inspection, etc.), they shall be agreedupon between the part provider and the customer and shall bedocumented.4.4 Part characteristics, functionality and perf
42、ormance4.4.1 General4.4.1.1 The most important part characteristics from thecustomer view shall be identified, particularly those related todimensional accuracy, defects, mechanical properties, residualstress, or chemical composition. Required part characteristicsmay be stated relative to a suitable
43、 reference, such as inrelation to the mechanical properties of cast or wroughtmaterials.4.4.2 Part characteristics4.4.2.1 Part characteristics including those found in ISO17296-3 or ASTM D3122, shall meet the requirements ofapplicable standards or shall be agreed upon between the partprovider and th
44、e customer. Since standards specific to additivemanufacturing are still under development, relevant part char-acteristics that are not described in the current standards shallbe agreed upon between the part provider and the customer.Part characteristic information shall be included in the qualityrec
45、ord for the purchased AM part.4.4.3 Functionality4.4.3.1 The desired functionality of the part, as well as itsperformance requirements, shall be described from the cus-tomer view to communicate the purpose and intended use ofthe part. This description shall include a listing of partfunctions and fun
46、ctional requirements, identification of theintended working environment and related environmentalparameters, definition of specific performance requirements foreach part function, and (if applicable) identification of theperformance test methods to be used to evaluate the confor-mance of the part to
47、 the performance requirements. Thehigh-level purpose for the part (e.g., prototype vs. pre-production sample vs. end-use part) may dictate different levelsof detail needed to specify the functional and performancerequirements of the part, and the level of detail shall be agreedupon between the part
48、provider and the customer to ensuresufficient communication.4.4.4 Inspection4.4.4.1 Test methods and inspection criteria to measure,evaluate, or visually inspect part characteristics shall meetapplicable standards and shall be agreed upon between the partprovider and the customer. Requirements for s
49、pecific inspec-tion methods, such as computed tomography (CT) scanning,laser surface scanning, touch probe measurement, or surfaceprofile measurement, and the corresponding acceptance criteriashall be identified. Any test methods that require building of aseparate test artefact for quality control shall define the size,number, orientation, and location(s) of the test artefact withinthe part build process.4.4.5 Post-processing4.4.5.1 Post-processing of as-built parts may be necessary tomeet customer requirements. Post-processing may includesubtracti
