1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 0 The Great Lyme Debate Theres a debate raging over Lyme disease, although youd never know it unless youve been paying close attention because on the surface it sounds like the dullest argument imaginable. Last year, the Infectious Diseases Society of America issued new guidel
2、ines saying physicians should treat Lyme with antibiotics for no longer than 30 days. Some docs think thats wrong. Its a seemingly straightforward difference of opinion. So why has the debate dissolved into animosity, with one side suggesting that its opponents have no credibility and the other slin
3、ging deeply personal insults on the Web? And why has it now spilled out of medical journals and onto the office of a state attorney general? Clearly, something other than ticks is bugging a lot of doctors. Lyme disease the most common insect-borne ailment in America, with roughly 20,000 cases diagno
4、sed each year and more undetected is transmitted mostly by a well-known pest, the deer tick. But the real culprit is something even nastier, a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi that lives in the ticks gut. When Borrelia infiltrates the human body, it can cause a suite of distinctive symptoms, mo
5、st notably a flulike feeling and a red rash like a bulls-eye. Sometimes, though, it causes no symptoms at all, and thats more dangerous, because the early signs are the only warnings doctors have. If Lyme is left undiagnosed and untreated, its consequences can be serious, including arthritis, mening
6、itis, heart problems and inflammation of the brain. “The real secret,“ says Dr. Michael Zimring, director of the Center for Wilderness and Travel Medicine at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, “is to be able to recognize the disease early enough.“ Zimring would know. Several years ago his wife felt
7、fluish and came down with an oval-shaped rash. Zimring wasnt sure what she had, but “knowing our backyard is loaded with ticks was enough,“ he says. He started his wife right away on one of the classic, effective antibiotics used to treat Lyme. When her medical tests came back, they proved him right
8、. “I treated her for three weeks,“ he says, “and that was it. No problem.“ Unfortunately, not all Lyme patients recover so easily. And thats whats at the heart of the debate some docs think patients who are treated inadequately can develop a chronic form of the disease, while others deny that its po
9、ssible. Dr. Rafael Stricter, president of the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society, believes in “chronic Lyme disease,“ and he says that in his clinical experience about 70 percent of patients with it get better if theyre treated long term with the same drugs used to treat early infect
10、ion. But the doctors who made the new IDSA guidelines on treatment say theres no such thing as chronic Lyme, because in most patients who complain of it, Borrelia isnt detectable in the body. Dr. Gary Wormser, who chaired the IDSA panel, prefers the term “post-Lyme syndrome.“ “Treating that syndrome
11、 with high-dose antibiotics for monthsas some physicians did before the new guidelines can only hurt patients,“ he says. “It can give them gallstones and infections and lead to antibiotic resistance while not curing anything. The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not have post-Lyme,“
12、he says, “and in fact never, ever had Lyme disease at all.“ This does not sit well with thousands of patients who believe they do have chronic Lyme and badly want antibiotic treatment for it. “The IDSA is basically saying to them, Were right, youre wrong, we dont want to listen to you, just take som
13、e antidepressants and go away,“ says Stricker. The IDSA is a highly respected group of doctors. But its facing formidable opposition, not just from Strickers group (and angry patients whove taken to Internet message boards) but also from the attorney generals office in Connecticut, the state with th
14、e countrys highest incidence of Lyme disease. A.G. Richard Blumenthal has launched an investigation of the IDSA panel, looking into whether it ignored any research that would support long-term antibiotic treatment (the guidelines cite more than 400 studies). “Our question basically is whether the gu
15、idelines were formulated through a process that was proper, without self-interest or conflicts of interest,“ Blumenthal says, noting that some of the panel members have financial interests in treatments and vaccines. Blumenthal also worries that the new guidelines might be used by insurance companie
16、s looking to avoid paying for Lyme drugs. “The investigation is at an important juncture,“ he says. Meanwhile, Wormser is baffled. “How could the interests of the patient be served by treating with unnecessary and potentially dangerous therapies?“ he says. “The guidelines represent the best that med
17、ical science has to offer.“ The question, then, is whether thats good enough. 1 The word “animosity“ in the first paragraph means_. （ A） hostility （ B） harmony （ C） hospitality （ D） agreement 2 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about the Lyme disease? （ A） It ca
18、n be detected easily. （ B） Patients who get it feel like flu. （ C） It can be cured if recognized early enough. （ D） Zimring thinks Antibiotics is effective in treating it. 3 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the chairperson of the IDSA panel? （ A） There is not a chronic form
19、 of Lyme disease. （ B） Borrelia is not detectable in most patients who are said to have Lyme disease. （ C） The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not have Lyme disease . （ D） Treating Lyme disease with high-dose antibiotics can lead to meningitis and heart problems. 4 According to the
20、passage, who is not opposed to the guidelines issued by the IDSA? （ A） Dr. Rafael Stricker. （ B） Dr. Gary Wormser.C.A. （ C） A.G. Richard Blumenthal. （ D） Patients who think they have chronic Lyme. 5 According to the passage, the following statements worry Richard Blumenthal with the EXCEPTION of_. （
21、 A） Some panel members have interests in treatments and vaccines. （ B） The patients are treated with unnecessary and potentially dangerous drugs. （ C） The IDSA might ignore research that supports long-term antibiotic treatment. （ D） Insurance companies might refuse to pay for Lyme drugs due to the g
22、uidelines. 5 The Democrats Trade Troubles Last week House speaker Nancy Pelosi and Congressman Charles Rangel showed genuine leadership by making a deal with the Bush administration to ease the passage of new trade pacts. But they did so from within a party that is going seriously awry on this issue
23、. Too many Democrats, including most of their presidential candidates, simply wish the subject would go away. This is a bad strategy for the party and for the country. Bill Clintons most important political achievement was to transform the image of the Democratic Party into one that was in favor of
24、growth, markets and trade. Clinton supported and articulated a powerful defense for the North American Free Trade Agreement, the World Trade Organization and commerce with China, among many such issues. He spoke confidently of the promise and opportunities of a globalized world. When you talk with e
25、lected Democrats now, they could not sound more different. Far too many of them are parochial, pessimistic and paranoid about the global economy. Globalization and technological change produce real anxieties for many people in the developed world. But the basic facts are incontestable: over the past
26、 20 years, as these forces have accelerated, the United States has benefited enormously. Its companies have dominated the new global economic order; its consumers have reaped the lions share of the resulting price reductions. America has grown faster than any large industrial economy during these ye
27、ars: over the past two decades, American per capita GDP has roughly doubled. The median income of a family of four rose 23 percent between 1985 and 2005. There are serious problems of dislocation and rising inequality and Ill return to these but that there have been substantial gains is indisputable
28、. U.S. unemployment stands today at a stunningly low 4.4 percent, about half that of many large European economies. In this context it is almost bizarre to listen to the fears of so many Democrats (and increasingly some Republicans). The Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has almost no eff
29、ect on the $13 trillion American economy but is a huge benefit to the countries in the region, passed the Senate with little Democratic support. Now trade pacts with three Latin American countries Panama, Peru and Colombia have been loaded down with amendments, and even so will face opposition from
30、many Democrats. Again, this is a deal that will have almost no impact on us but is hugely important to three crucial allies. Its true that the pace of change is fast and often frightening. And it can cause real pain for real people. But we cant solve this by slowing down or shutting off trade. What
31、advanced economy in history that has closed itself off from the world has prospered? Would Detroits automakers have been better off if they had never been exposed to international competition? Perhaps the outsourcing of service jobs today is different. But for the past 50 years America has outsource
32、d manufacturing jobs and yet the economy and personal income and our standards of living have kept growing robustly. Why is it different if the person exposed to international competition now wears a tie? The current Democratic approach to these issues is misguided. Loading trade pacts with environm
33、ental and labor standards is ineffective, unless the aim is to sink them. It will not really change the fact of low-wage competition from poor countries. And, most important, it doesnt really help American workers to prosper in the long term. What America needs is a new way to tackle trade. It is a
34、C-and-T agenda: cushion and train. The government should help people to weather the shocks of this roller-coaster ride, and it should help train them to be better equipped for the next round of global competition. We do very little of this today. When someone loses his job in America, he loses his h
35、ealth care and pension. Imagine if that didnt happen and it doesnt in other rich countries would that worker be as terrified of change? And then imagine if he took a series of retraining and education courses to prepare him for a new job or career. These two shock absorbers would better equip the av
36、erage American to face a world of global competition. It would ease the genuine anxieties that people have about trade and build durable political support for expanding the world economy rather than walling us in. Its a more sensible solution than China bashing, bogus labor standards and protectioni
37、st subsidies. Its a New Deal for trade. Now is any Democrat willing to say that? 6 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the first paragraph? （ A） Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel are Republicans. （ B） The Democratic Party is an obstacle to the passage of new trade pacts. （ C） The Democ
38、ratic Party and the Republican Party are diverse in their opinions of trade. （ D） What Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel did was against the will of the majority of Democrats. 7 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Democrats idea of the global economy? （ A） Bill Clinton was in favor
39、 of the global economy. （ B） A large number of Democrats fear globalization and technological change. （ C） Democratic leaders agree with Bill Clinton on the idea of the global economy. （ D） Free trade with Central America will meet with opposition from many Democrats. 8 According to the passage, the
40、 Democrats would prefer the following solutions to trade EXCEPT_. （ A） To slow down trade. （ B） To load trade pacts with labor standards. （ C） To better equip workers to face competition. （ D） To load trade pacts with environmental standards. 9 According to the passage, the American government shoul
41、d do the following to solve trade problems with the EXCEPTION of_. （ A） easing anxieties that people have about trade （ B） providing retraining and education courses to workers （ C） providing health care and pension to workers out of work （ D） protecting the American economy from foreign competition
42、 10 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） America has outsourced manufacturing jobs for the past 50 years. （ B） The Democrats are liberal on free trade and international competition. （ C） The government should reform the policies on health care and pension. （
43、D） American economy has developed fast owing to international competition. 10 When Tony Blair was elected to Britains House of Commons in 1983, he was just 30, the Labour Partys youngest M.P. Labour had just fought and lost a disastrous election campaign on a far-left platform, and Margaret Thatcher
44、, fresh from her victory in the Falklands War, was in her pomp. The opposition to Thatcher was limited to a few ancient warhorses and a handful of bright young things. Blair, boyish Blair, quickly became one of the best of the breed. Nobody would call Blair, 54 on May 6, boyish today. His face is ol
45、der and beaten up, his reputation in shreds. Very soon, he will announce the timetable for his departure from office. In a recent poll for the Observer newspaper, just 6% of Britons said they found Blair trustworthy, compared with 43% who thought the opposite. In Britain as in much of the rest of th
46、e world Blair is considered an unpopular failure. Ive been watching Blair practically since he entered politics at first close up from the House of Commons press gallery, later from thousands of miles away. In nearly a quarter-century, I have never come across a public figure who more consistently a
47、sked the important questions about the relationships between individuals, communities and governments or who thought more deeply about how we should conduct ourselves in an interconnected world in which loyalties of nationality, ethnicity and religion continue to run deep. Blairs personal standing i
48、n the eyes of the British public may never recover, but his ideas, especially in foreign policy, will long outlast him. Britons (who have and expect an intensely personal relationship with their politician) love to grumble about their lot and their leaders, especially if like Blair theyve been aroun
49、d for a decade. So you would never guess from a few hours down the pub how much better a place Britain is now than it was a decade ago. Its more prosperous, its healthier, its better educated, and with all the inevitable caveats about disaffected young Muslim men it is the European nation most comfortable with the multicultural future that is the fate of all of them. It would be foolish to give all the credit for the state of this blessed plot to Blair but equally foolish to deny him any of it. In toda
