1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0100803.1998(R2013) Overview and Reference for GSTN Multimedia Terminals As a leading technology and solutions development organization, ATIS brings together the top global ICT companies to advance the industrys most-pressing business prioritie
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14、merican National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 1999 by Alliance for Telecommuni
15、cations Industry SolutionsAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaiContentsPageForeword ii1 Scope, purpose and application . 1
16、2 Normative references . 13 Definitions. 34 Abbreviations 65 Conventions 86 Arrangements and architecture 87 Control messaging and indication 168 Multiplex . 209 Video codec 2110 Audio codec 2411 Interoperability 25Tables1 Basic features of multi-media terminal with baseline components(Implementing
17、ITU-T Recommendations H.263 however, since some terminology and syntax derives from approvedITU-T texts, in the interest of enabling the reader to correspondingly refer to appropri-ate sections in the normative references, the ITU-T syntax and terminology has beenadopted here. This standard has one
18、informative annex, which is not considered part of the standard. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent tothe Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, 1200 G Street, NW, Suite500, Washington, DC 20005. This standard was processed and approved for sub
19、mittal to ANSI by AccreditedStandards Committee on Telecommunications, T1. Committee approval of the stan-dard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. Atthe time it approved this standard, the T1 committee had the following members: G. H. Peterson, ChairmanE. R.
20、 Hapeman, Vice-ChairmanA. Lai, SecretaryB. Lerich, Senior EditorOrganization Represented Name of RepresentativeEXCHANGE CARRIERSAmeritech . L. Richard Wood Larry A. Young (Alt.)AT (Paragraph3.6, Conversion to and from uniform PCM)1)ITU-T Recommendation G.723.1 (1996), Dual rate speech coder for mult
21、imedia communication transmit-ting at 5.3 to re-solve a control message conflict, there is a random determination at the beginning of any call in which oneof the two terminals is given precedence in cases of control message contention. Therefore the notion ofMaster/Slave does not imply a controlling
22、 function, but simply an explicit contention resolution process.NOTE - The terminology Master/Slave can be interpreted to have unfortunate connotations in current usage. Thisterminology has been used in the approved ITU-T References and is being retained solely to assist the reader inunderstanding t
23、he principles and when referring to the referenced text.3.23 master terminal. (See note in 3.22) A master terminal is the terminal that is determined as being themaster terminal by the master-slave determination procedure defined in this standard.3.24 media. One or more of audio, video, or data.3.25
24、 medium type. A medium type is a single form of information that is presented to a user or the datarepresenting that information: audio, video and text are example Medium Types.3.26 mode. A mode is a set of elementary streams that a terminal is transmitting, intends to transmit, orwould like to rece
25、ive.3.27 multimedia communication. Multimedia communication refers to the transmission and/or receptionof signals of two or more Medium Types simultaneously.3.28 multimedia communication system. A system that handles more than one media stream in a syn-chronized way from the users point of view. The
26、 system may allow interconnection of multiple parties,multiple connections, and the addition or deletion of resources and users within a single communicationsession.3.29 MultimediaSystemControlmessage. A choice of message types. Messages defined in the systemdefined by this standard are classified a
27、s request, response, command and indication messages.3.30 multilink. The use of more than one physical connection to obtain a larger aggregate bit rate.3.31 multipoint. The simultaneous interconnection of three or more terminals to allow communicationamong several sites through the use of MCUs (brid
28、ges) that centrally direct the flow of information.ANSI T1.803-199853.32 MUX-PDU. The logical unit of information exchanged between the multiplex layer discussed in ITU-TRecommendation H.223 and the underlying physical layer. It is a packet framed by HDLC flags and usingHDLC zero-bit insertion for t
29、ransparency.3.33 non-segmentable. The mode of operation defined in ITU-T Recommendation H.223 in which AL-SDUs must be sent as consecutive octets in a single MUX-PDU. See ITU-T Recommendation H.223.3.34 non-standard. Not conforming to a national or international standard referenced in this standard
30、or inITU-T Recommendation H.324.3.35 pictures. In total, ITU-T Recommendation H.263 has seven basic picture types (of which only thefirst two are mandatory) which are defined primarily in terms of their prediction structure: As used herein, a“reference“ or “anchor“ picture is a picture that contains
31、 data which can be used by reference as a basisfor the decoding of another picture. This use by reference is also known as “prediction“, although it some-times may actually indicate use in a reverse-temporal direction.1. Intra: A picture having no reference picture(s) for prediction (also called an
32、I picture);2. Inter: A picture using a temporally-previous reference picture (also called a P picture);3. PB: A frame representing two pictures and having a temporally-previous reference picture (seeAnnex G of ITU-T Recommendation H.263);4. Improved PB: A frame functionally similar but normally bett
33、er than a PB frame (see Annex M ofITU-T Recommendation H.263);5. B: A picture having two reference pictures, one of which temporally precedes the B picture andone of which temporally succeeds the B picture (see Annex O of ITU-T Recommendation H.263);6. EI: A picture having a temporally simultaneous
34、reference picture (see Annex O of ITU-T Recom-mendation H.263); and7. EP: A picture having two reference pictures, one of which temporally precedes the EP picture andone of which is temporally simultaneous (see Annex O of ITU-T Recommendation H.263).3.36 remote terminal. A terminal endpoint other th
35、an the local terminal.3.37 request. A request is a message that requires a specific action by the receiver, including an immedi-ate response.3.38 response. A response is a message that is the reply to a request.3.39 segmentable. The mode of operation defined in ITU-T Recommendation H.223 in which AL
36、-SDUsmay be sent in separate multiplex slots carried on one or more MUX-PDUs. See ITU-T RecommendationH.223.3.40 session. A session is a period of communication between two terminals which may be conversationalor non-conversational (for example retrieval from a database).3.41 signal-to-noise ratio (
37、SNR). Three exact definitions are in common use in connection with imagecoding. All yield the same nominal value when taking the difference between signal-to-noise measure-ments in order to compare two different ways of encoding the same picture (because the differences areonly in the calculation of
38、 the numerator of the argument of the logarithm, which is the same for all repre-sentations of the same picture).1. PSNR = 10 log10 (255*255/MSE) dBThis is the most common use in image processing, and is more properly called “Peak-SNR“, butmany just call it SNR. The 255*255 come from the square of t
39、he range of possible values in an 8-bit pixel (0 to 255).2. SNR = 10 log10 (ENERGY/MSE) dBANSI T1.803-19986Where ENERGY is the average of the squared values of the pixels in the original picture. This isused by those who take the meaning of the term SNR literally.3. SNR = 10 log10 (ENERGY MEAN*MEAN)
40、/MSE) dBWhere MEAN is the average of the pixel values in a picture. This is used by those who take themeaning of the term SNR literally and think the overall brightness of the picture should not changetheir measurement number.3.42 slave terminal. (See note in 3.22) A slave terminal is the terminal t
41、hat is determined as being theslave terminal by the master/slave determination procedure defined in this standard.3.43 support. The ability to operate in a given mode. However, a requirement to “support” a mode doesnot mean that the mode must actually be used at all times. Unless prohibited, other m
42、odes may be usedby mutual negotiation.3.44 terminal. A terminal is any endpoint and may be a users terminal or some other communicationsystem such as an MCU or an information server.3.45 uni-directional logical channel. A uni-directional logical channel is a path for the transmission of asingle elem
43、entary stream from one terminal to another.3.46 UserInputIndication message. An available message for transport of user input alphanumeric char-acters from a keypad or keyboard, equivalent to the DTMF signals used in analog telephony.3.47 videophone. A terminal capable of sending and receiving audio
44、 and video information simultane-ously.3.48 Mean Squared Error. The Mean Square Error calculation compares video frames on a pixel-by-pixelbasis, and summarizes the differences over all pixels of interest. Thus, for a specific pair of frames (e.g.,one from the input sequence and one from the output
45、sequence) the Mean Square Error (MSE) is2maxminimaxminjs)j,i(V)j,i(VK1MSE =IIJJwhere V(i,j) is the value of pixel i,j in the output frame, and V(i,j) is the value of pixel i,j in the input frame.Ksis the total number of pixels in the rectangular frame of interest, given byKs=(Imax-Imin+1) (Jmax-Jmin
46、+1)4 AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this standard, the following symbols and abbreviations apply.AAL ATM Adaptation LayerAL-SDU Adaptation Layer Service Data Unit (see ITU-T Recommendation H.223).AL1,2,3 Adaptation Layers 1, 2 and 3 as defined in ITU-T Recommendation H.223.ASN.1 Abstract Syntax No
47、tation 1B-LCSE Bi-directional Logical Channel Signalling EntityCESE Capability Exchange Signalling EntityCLCSE Close Logical Channel Signalling EntityCIF Common Intermediate Format (of a video picture: refer to ITU-T RecommendationsH.261 and H.263)CRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckANSI T1.803-19987DTMF Dua
48、l tone multi-frequencyDSM-CC Digital Storage Media - command and controlEIV Encryption Initialization VectorGSTN General Switched Telephone Network (= PSTN)HDLC High-level Data Link Control, per ISO/IEC 3309ISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISO/IEC International Organization for Standardizatio
49、n/International Electrotechnical Com-missionITU-T International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications StandardizationSectorIV Initialization Vector (used for encryption: refer to ITU-T Recommendations H.233and H.234)LAPM Link Access Procedures for Modems (per ITU-T Recommendation V.42)LCN Logical Channel Number (per ITU-T Recommendation H.223)LCSE Logical Channel Signalling EntityMCU Multipoint Control UnitMLSE Maintenance Loop Signalling EntityMPI Minimum Picture IntervalMRSE Mode Request Signalling EntityMSDSE Master/Slave Determination Signalling EntityMSE Mean Sq
