1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0600015.04.2010 ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT: METHODOLOGY FOR MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING DC POWER PLANT RECTIFIER REQUIREMENTS ATIS is the leading technical planning and standards development organization committed to the ra
2、pid development of global, market-driven standards for the information, entertainment and communications industry. More than 250 companies actively formulate standards in ATIS 18 Committees, covering issues including: IPTV, Service Oriented Networks, Energy Efficiency, IP-Based and Wireless Technolo
3、gies, Quality of Service, and Billing and Operational Support. In addition, numerous Incubators, Focus and Exploratory Groups address emerging industry priorities including “Green”, IP Downloadable Security, Next Generation Carrier Interconnect, IPv6 and Convergence. ATIS is the North American Organ
4、izational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a member and major U.S. contributor to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio and Telecommunications Sectors, and a member of the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). For more information, please visi
5、t . AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards R
6、eview, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made towards their
7、resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. T
8、he American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American Nat
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10、Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Notice of Disclaimer 2) controlled ferroreso
11、nant; and 3) switchmode (newest). This standard will include the most common North American single phase and three phase 120, 208, 240, 277, 480 Volt AC input and +/- 24, 48, 130, 190 Volt DC outputs. There are additional standard voltages used internationally; those are listed in the Annex. 5 METRI
12、C DEFINITION 5.1 Preamble For the evaluation of power plant rectifiers, it is necessary to consider normal operating conditions over the life cycle of the rectifier(s). A rectifier can be expected to operate between 40% and 80% of rated capacity dependent on application. In telecommunication power p
13、lants, variables include: Power forecasts Engineering planning cycle Redundancy Recharge requirements Rectifier efficiency varies over the load range. Efficiency will be 0% at no load, achieve peak efficiency, and drop off at max load. The rise to peak efficiency varies by technology. Presently, the
14、 switchmode rectifier technology offers the highest peak operating efficiency. Therefore, rectifier selection should be matched to the application, sizing the rectifiers to operate in the range where the efficiency is highest. Power plant control and energy management are beyond the scope of this st
15、andard. ATIS-0600015.04.2010 4 Figure 1: Sample Switchmode Rectifier Efficiency Curve 5.2 Rectifier TEER If we define the efficiency as the ratio of power dissipated by a specific load and power drawn from the source, then it is straightforward to calculate the Rectifier TEER from the equation below
16、. Efficiency: INOUTPP=Where: is efficiency. POUTis simply the DC output voltage multiplied by the current. PINis the RMS voltage at the input multiplied by the current multiplied by the power factor and for 3 multiplied by 3. 1 AC Power in Watts: PFIVP INININ =Where: VIN= Input Voltage. ATIS-0600015
17、.04.2010 5 IIN= Input Current. PF = Power Factor. 3 AC Power in Watts: 3= PFIVP INININWhere: VIN= Input Voltage. IIN= Input Current. PF = Power Factor. 3= Phase angle displacement. DC Power in Watts: OUTOUTOUT IVP =Where: VOUT= Output Voltage. IOUT= Output Current. The rectifier TEER is a summation
18、of the efficiency measurements at 10% intervals from 30%-80% EUT capacity divided by the number of samples. The TEER has a maximum value of 1000. TEER Formula: 10006%)10(83=iiTEERWhere: i= multiple of 10% of rectifier rating. 6 TEST PROCEDURE 6.1 Measurements The test methodology and test conditions
19、 used to independently verify the power consumption shall meet the requirements called out in ATIS-0600015.2009, as well as this document. Where conflicts occur, this document supersedes other standards. ATIS-0600015.04.2010 6 6.2 Equipment Configuration The EUT shall be evaluated with a source prov
20、iding the following conditions: A power source with a rating of at least 2X the maximum input power rating of the rectifier. Total Harmonic Distortion 2% up to and including the 13th harmonic: (RMS)1322(%)V100=hhVTHD AC input voltage shall be the specified nominal voltage and frequency 1%. Rectifier
21、s designed to operate at multiple input voltages shall be tested at each nominal operating input voltage - e.g. 120,208,240,480, etc. The AC voltage measured at the input of the rectifier shall not vary over the load range. A power analyzer shall be connected at the input terminals and the following
22、 measurements shall be recorded at the prescribed loads as required in 7.1, Table 1: Input Voltage Input Current Input Power Input kVA Input Power Factor A variable resistive load bank with sufficient capacity for at least 110% of the maximum output rating of the rectifier shall be connected to the
23、load terminals. Output voltage shall be adjusted to 53 Vdc 1 V. A power analyzer shall be connected at the output terminals and the following measurements shall be recorded simultaneously with the input measurements as required in Table 1: Output Voltage Output Current Output Power 7 REPORTING & DOC
24、UMENTATION 7.1 Power Measurement Data All products claiming compliance with this specification shall provide the information as defined the ATIS-0600015.2009. In addition, the report shall include the following nameplate information and Table 1: Input Voltage Output Voltage Number of Phases Total Ha
25、rmonic Distortion Maximum Input Current Maximum Output Current ATIS-0600015.04.2010 7 Table 1: Power Measurement Report VINIINkWINkVAINPF VOUTIOUTkWOUT% of Full Load Eff (%) 10% 2 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% ATIS-0600015.04.2010 8 Annex A (informative) A POWER PLANT PLANNING Load forecasts will
26、 establish the initial and maximum size of the plant. This may have a bearing on the size of rectifiers chosen. Projected load, redundancy, and recharge capacity will determine the quantity of rectifiers required. All of these factors will affect the varying power levels that the rectifiers operate
27、at through the life cycle. As an example, if a plant has an initial load of 1000A and projected load of 1200A at the end of the engineering cycle, the plant may have 1500A of charge capacity if the maximum engineered load is 80% of capacity. At a minimum the plant may have 1440A capacity in order to
28、 provide 20%recharge. The 20% recharge capacity is sufficient to permit the battery to recover to a minimum of 80% of the rated capacity in 20 hours following a 4 hour discharge to final voltage. Figure A.1: Power Plant Planning Graph Table A.1: Power Plant Efficiency Example Plant Max Initial Load
29、Projected Load at the end of the cycle Plant Initial Installed Recharge Capacity 20% Engineering Margin 80% Initial Rectifier % Load Max Rectifier % Load 4000A 1000A 1200A 1500A 1440 300A(rounded) 66% 80% In this example, a rectifier installed in this plant will always operate between 66% and 80% of
30、 the rated capacity assuming all rectifiers are turned on and sharing load equally. Excessive rectifier capacity at initialization reduces the individual rectifier loads. ATIS-0600015.04.2010 9 A sampling of various rectifiers provides the measured data and calculated TEER in Table A.2. Table A.2: S
31、ample Rectifier TEER Values Rectifier TEER 1 High Efficiency Switchmode 962 1 Switchmode 929 1 Ferroresonant 672 3 Switchmode 896 3 Ferroresonant 1 865 3 Ferroresonant 2 934 3 Ferroresonant 3 888 3 Ferroresonant 4 890 Figure A.2 shows the annual operating cost of power per kW delivered to the equipm
32、ent at various selected utility rates. Figure A.3 shows the conversion costs associated with rectifier efficiency. Figure A.2: Total Cost vs. TEER Comparison for a 1kW Load ATIS-0600015.04.2010 10 Figure A.3: Conversion Cost vs. TEER for a 1 kW Load Table A.3: International Voltages and Frequency (T
33、able of Mains Voltages and Frequencies) Region Voltage Frequency Region Voltage Frequency Afghanistan 240 V 50 Hz Cameroon 220 V 50 Hz Albania 220 V 50 Hz Canada 120 V 60 Hz Algeria 230 V 50 Hz Canary Islands 220 V 50 Hz American Samoa 120 V 60 Hz Cape Verde 220 V 50 Hz Andorra 230 V 50 Hz Cayman Is
34、lands 120 V 60 Hz Angola 220 V 50 Hz Central African Republic 220 V 50 Hz Anguilla 110 V 60 Hz Chad 220 V 50 Hz Antigua 230 V 60 Hz Channel Islands 230 V 50 Hz Argentina 220 V 50 Hz Chile 220 V 50 Hz Armenia 220 V 50 Hz China (mainland only) 220 V 50 Hz Aruba 127 V 60 Hz Colombia 120 V 60 Hz ATIS-06
35、00015.04.2010 11 Region Voltage Frequency Region Voltage Frequency Australia 230 V 50 Hz Comoros 220 V 50 Hz Austria 230 V 50 Hz Congo-Brazzaville 230 V 50 Hz Azerbaijan 220 V 50 Hz Congo-Kinshasa 220 V 50 Hz Azores 220 V 50 Hz Cook Islands 240 V 50 Hz Bahamas 120 V 60 Hz Costa Rica 120 V 60 Hz Bahr
36、ain 230 V 50 Hz Cte dIvoire 230 V 50 Hz Balearic Islands 220 V 50 Hz Croatia 230 V 50 Hz Bangladesh 220 V 50 Hz Cuba 110 V 60 Hz Barbados 115 V 50 Hz Cyprus 240 V 50 Hz Belarus 220 V 50 Hz Czech Republic 230 V 50 Hz Belgium 230 V 50 Hz Denmark 230 V 50 Hz 110 V Djibouti 220 V 50 Hz and Dominica 230
37、V 50 Hz Belize 220 V 60 Hz Dominican Republic 110 V 60 Hz Benin 220 V 50 Hz East Timor 220 V 50 Hz Bermuda 120 V 60 Hz Ecuador 120 V 60 Hz Bhutan 230 V 50 Hz Egypt 220 V 50 Hz Bolivia 220 V 50 Hz El Salvador 115 V 60 Hz Bonaire 127 V 50 Hz Equatorial Guinea 220 V 50 Hz Bosnia 220 V 50 Hz Eritrea 230
38、 V 50 Hz Botswana 231 V 50 Hz Estonia 230 V 50 Hz 127 V Ethiopia 220 V 50 Hz and Faroe Islands 220 V 50 Hz Brazil 220 V 60 Hz Falkland Islands 240 V 50 Hz Brunei 240 V 50 Hz Fiji 240 V 50 Hz Bulgaria 230 V 50 Hz Finland 230 V 50 Hz Burkina Faso 220 V 50 Hz France 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz Burundi
39、220 V 50 Hz French Guiana 220 V 50 Hz Cambodia 230 V 50 Hz Gaza Strip 230 V 50 Hz Gabon 220 V 50 Hz Kyrgyzstan 220 V 50 Hz Greenland 220 V 50 Hz Lesotho 220 V 50 Hz Grenada 230 V 50 Hz 120 V Guadeloupe 230 V 50 Hz and Guam 110 V 60 Hz Liberia 240 V 50 Hz Guatemala 120 V 60 Hz Libya 127 V 50 Hz ATIS-
40、0600015.04.2010 12 Region Voltage Frequency Region Voltage Frequency Guinea 220 V 50 Hz Lithuania 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz Guinea-Bissau 220 V 50 Hz Liechtenstein 230 V 50 Hz Guyana 240 V 60 Hz Luxembourg 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz Haiti 110 V 60 Hz Macau S.A.R. of China 220 V 50 Hz Honduras 110
41、 V 60 Hz Macedonia 220 V 50 Hz Hong Kong 220 V 50 Hz 127 V Hungary 230 V (formerly 220V) 50 Hz and Iceland 230 V 50 Hz Madagascar 220 V 50 Hz India 230 V 50 Hz Madeira 220 V 50 Hz 127 V Malawi 230 V 50 Hz and Malaysia 240 V 50 Hz Indonesia 230 V 50 Hz Maldives 230 V 50 Hz Iran 220 V 50 Hz Mali 220 V
42、 50 Hz Iraq 230 V 50 Hz Malta 230 V 50 Hz Ireland 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz Martinique 220 V 50 Hz Isle of Man 240 V 50 Hz Mauritania 220 V 50 Hz Israel 230 V 50 Hz Mauritius 230 V 50 Hz Italy 230 V (formerly 220v)6 50 Hz Mexico 127 V 60 Hz Jamaica 110 V 50 Hz Micronesia 120 V 60 Hz 50 Hz Moldova
43、220-230 V 50 Hz and 127 V Japan 100 V 60 Hz and Jordan 230 V 50 Hz Monaco 220 V 50 Hz Kazakhstan 220 V 50 Hz Mongolia 230 V 50 Hz Kenya 240 V 50 Hz Montenegro 220 V 50 Hz Kiribati 240 V 50 Hz Montserrat (Leeward Is.) 230 V 60 Hz Korea, North 220 V 50 Hz 127 V Korea, South 220 V 60 Hz and Kuwait 240
44、V 50 Hz Morocco 220 V 50 Hz Mozambique 220 V 50 Hz Seychelles 240 V 50 Hz Myanmar/Burma 230 V 50 Hz Sierra Leone 230 V 50 Hz Namibia 220 V 50 Hz Singapore 230 V 50 Hz Nauru 240 V 50 Hz Slovakia 230 V 50 Hz ATIS-0600015.04.2010 13 Region Voltage Frequency Region Voltage Frequency Nepal 230 V 50 Hz Sl
45、ovenia 230 V 50 Hz Netherlands 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz Somalia 220 V 50 Hz 127 V South Africa 220 V 50 Hz and Spain 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz Netherlands Antilles 220 V 50 Hz Sri Lanka 230 V 50 Hz New Caledonia 220 V 50 Hz Sudan 230 V 50 Hz New Zealand 230 V 50 Hz Suriname 127 V 60 Hz Nicaragu
46、a 120 V 60 Hz Swaziland 230 V 50 Hz Niger 220 V 50 Hz Sweden 230 V 50 Hz Nigeria 240 V 50 Hz Switzerland 230 V 50 Hz Norway 230 V 50 Hz Syria 220 V 50 Hz Okinawa 100 V 60 Hz Tahiti 110 V 60 Hz/50 Hz Oman 240 V 50 Hz and 220 V Pakistan 230 V 50 Hz Taiwan 110 V 60 Hz Panama 110 V 60 Hz Tajikistan 220
47、V 50 Hz Papua New Guinea 240 V 50 Hz Tanzania 230 V 50 Hz Paraguay 220 V 50 Hz Thailand 220 V 50 Hz Peru 220 V 60 Hz Togo 220 V 50 Hz Philippines 220 V 60 Hz Tonga 240 V 50 Hz Poland 230 V 50 Hz Trinidad & Tobago 115 V 60 Hz Portugal 220 V9 50 Hz Tunisia 230 V 50 Hz Puerto Rico 120 V 60 Hz Turkey 23
48、0 V 50 Hz Qatar 240 V 50 Hz Turkmenistan 220 V 50 Hz Runion 220 V 50 Hz Uganda 240 V 50 Hz Romania 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz Ukraine 220 V 50 Hz Russian Federation 220 V 50 Hz United Arab Emirates 220 V 50 Hz Rwanda 230 V 50 Hz United Kingdom 230 V (formerly 240v) 50 Hz 110 V United States of Amer
49、ica 120 V 60 Hz and Uruguay 230 V (formerly 220v) 50 Hz St. Kitts and Nevis 230 V 60 Hz Uzbekistan 220 V 50 Hz ATIS-0600015.04.2010 14 Region Voltage Frequency Region Voltage Frequency St. Lucia (Winward Is.) 240 V 50 Hz Vanuatu 230 V 50 Hz St. Vincent (Winward Is.) 230 V 50 Hz Venezuela 120 V 60 Hz So Tom and Prncipe 220 V 50 Hz Vietnam 220 V 50 Hz 127 V Virgin Islands 110 V 60 Hz and Western Samoa 230 V 50 Hz Saudi Arabia 220 V 60
