1、AWS F4.1:2017An American National StandardSafe Practices forthe Preparation ofContainers andPiping for Welding,Cutting, and AlliedProcessesAWS F4.1:2017An American National StandardApproved byAmerican National Standards InstituteAugust 3, 2017Safe Practices for the Preparation ofContainers and Pipin
2、g for Welding,Cutting, and Allied Processes6th EditionSupersedes AWS F4.1:2007Prepared by theAWS Committee on Labeling and Safe PracticesUnder the Direction of theAWS Committee on Safety and HealthApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard informs the reader of the necessary safe pra
3、ctices to be followed in the cleaning and preparation of con-tainers and piping for welding or cutting. It describes various methods for cleaning, including water, steam, hot chemicaland mechanical, and techniques to be used for their proper preparation, such as inerting.iiAWS F4.1:2017ISBN: 978-0-8
4、7171-923-2 2017 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prio
5、r written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to
6、 the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS F4.1:2017Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding S
7、ociety (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulatio
8、ns, or the regulations of other governmentalbodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those lawsand regulations. In
9、all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokesthe AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American Nation
10、al Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not indep
11、endently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, direct
12、ly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information publishedherein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or othe
13、r services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining th
14、e exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amendmen
15、tsor errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includingamendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they havethe latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this
16、standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS d
17、oes not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be
18、addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B). Withregard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. Theseopinions are offered solely as a c
19、onvenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice.Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do notspeak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or
20、interpretations of AWS.In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Committee on Safety and Health. It must be reviewed everyfive years, and if not revised, it must be either
21、reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or dele-tions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWSHeadquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Committee on Safety and Health and t
22、heauthor of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend allmeetings of the AWS Committee on Safety and Health to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of anadverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Ru
23、les of Operation of the Technical ActivitiesCommittee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami,FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS F4.1:2017vAWS F4.1:2017PersonnelAWS Safety and Health CommitteeD. E. Clark, Chair ConsultantD. W
24、erba, Vice Chair Miller Electric Manufacturing CompanyS. P. Hedrick, Secretary American Welding SocietyS. R. Fiore Hobart Brothers CompanyS. L. Foxworth ESAB Welding and Cutting ProductsM. Haaksma Orange County Ironworks, LLCK. A. Lyttle ConsultantA. F. Manz A. F. Manz AssociatesK. M. Merlo-Joseph A
25、peks SupercriticalJ. Petkovsek The Lincoln Electric CompanyR. M Santasiero NJCTTCS. Solomon Extruflex North AmericaAdvisors to the Safety and Health CommitteeT. M. Donovan Sheet Metal Workers Local #265S. E. Ferree ConsultantD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric CompanyD. G. Harvey Hobart Brothers Company
26、A. Hudson Hobart Brothers CompanyJ. D. Jennings Expert ServicesT. Lyon ConsultantD. H. Sliney ConsultantR. J. Tucker ConsultantAWS Subcommittee on Labeling and Safe PracticesA. F. Manz, Chair A. F. Manz AssociatesD. Werba, Vice Chair Miller Electric Manufacturing CompanyS. P. Hedrick, Secretary Amer
27、ican Welding SocietyD. N. Dunbar The Lincoln Electric CompanyD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. L. Hege ManitowocShady GroveAdvisors to the AWS Subcommittee on Labeling and Safe PracticesB. Berg Navy and Marine Corps Public HealthS. E. Ferree ConsultantJ. D. Jennings Expert ServicesL. E. Mont
28、ville NFPAThis page is intentionally blank.viAWS F4.1:2017viiAWS F4.1:2017ForewordThis foreword is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only.In 1940, the AWS Committee on Safety Recommendations published Recommended Procedure to Be Followed in Pre-paring for Welding o
29、r Cutting Certain Types of Containers which have Held Combustibles. The document was updatedin 1952 and 1965. Based on this earlier document, the first edition of AWS F4.1 was published in 1980 with subsequentrevisions in 1988, 1994, 1999, and 2007. This revision is the sixth edition of AWS F4.1. Ch
30、anges from the fifth editioninclude: The title was changed from “Safe Practices for the Preparation of Containers and Piping for Welding and Cut-ting” to “Safe Practices for the Preparation of Containers and Piping for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes.”Safety information was added to the Scope
31、 and references were updated. Changes in text are indicated by a verticalmargin line.This document addresses one of the leading causes of accidents among welders and cutters, that is, work on closedcontainers where previous contents are unknown. It provides the safety precautions necessary for preve
32、ntion of suchaccidents, and the techniques used for preparation of containers, including piping, and represents current practice invarious segments of U.S. industry.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,Safety and Health Commi
33、ttee, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS F4.1:2017ixAWS F4.1:2017Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.vii1. Introduction and Scope11.1 Introduction.11.2 Scope.11.3 Safety 12. Referenced Documents.23. Terms and Definitions
34、24. Preparing the Container for Cleaning24.1 Determination of Hazardous Characteristics of Contents.24.2 Unknown Substances 34.3 Designation of Cleaning Procedure 34.4 Cleaning Containers34.5 Other Precautions35. Methods of Cleaning and Guidelines for Selection35.1 Water Cleaning35.2 Hot Chemical So
35、lution Cleaning 35.3 Steam Cleaning .45.4 Mechanical Cleaning 45.5 Chemical Cleaning45.6 Combination of Methods 46. Preparation for Welding and Cutting.46.1 Guidelines .46.2 Safe Practices4Annex A (Informative)Bibliography 7Annex B (Informative)Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standar
36、d 9This page is intentionally blank.xAWS F4.1:2017AWS F4.1:20171Safe Practices for the Preparation of Containersand Piping for Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes1. Introduction and Scope1.1 Introduction. Explosions, fires, and health hazards may result if welding, cutting, heat, friction, impact
37、, or other hotwork is applied on containers that are not free of hazardous substances, such as combustible, reactive, or toxic solids,liquids, vapors, dusts, and gases. No container shall be presumed to be clean or safe, but containers can be made safe forwork, provided the safe practices prescribed
38、 herein or their equivalent are followed.1.2 Scope. These safe practices shall apply to the preparation for welding or cutting of metal containers and piping. Forthe purposes of this document, references to precautions for welding or cutting are also intended to apply to all metalworking operations
39、(i.e., brazing, grinding, soldering, thawing pipes, using heat guns, using spark-producing powertools, straightening, thermal spraying) involving heat. Cleaning of used containers is necessary in all cases before weld-ing or cutting. The term container, as used herein, includes piping.The safe pract
40、ices presented here are not intended to replace either regulatory standards or more stringent practices ofindustries that have expert knowledge of handling hazardous substances. Even a water tank should be considered haz-ardous unless a qualified person has declared it safe to weld or cut. Consequen
41、tly, safe practices presented here are notintended to apply to the following:1(1) Containers and confined spaces that can be entered by workers (see ANSI Z117.1, Safety Requirements for Con-fined Spaces).(2) Containers that have contained radioactive substances(3) Compressed gas containers(4) Contai
42、ners that have held explosive substances (such as nitrocellulose, pyroxylin solution, etc.)(5) Tanks, bunkers, or compartments on ships(6) Gasometers or gas holders for natural and manufactured gases(7) Outside, above-ground, petroleum storage tanks(8) Containers holding flammables that are to be re
43、paired while in service1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are addressed in this standard.Safety and health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets
44、(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Safety Data Sheets (SDS) supplied by materials manufacturers1See Annex A, Bibliography, for other standards and practices.AWS F4.1:20172(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicabl
45、e Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous,and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address allsafety and health risks that may be encountered.
46、The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety programto address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered whendeveloping the safety program.2. Referenced DocumentsThe standards listed below are referenced within. For undated
47、references, the latest edition of the referenced standardshall apply. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied ProcessesAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including T
48、erms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Solder-ing, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal SprayingANSI/ASSE Z117.1, Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces3. Terms and DefinitionsTerms used in this standard are defined below. All other terms used herein are defined by AWS A3.0, Standard WeldingTerms and Definiti
49、ons.Hazardous Substances. Substances that are explosive, combustible, toxic, corrosive, or otherwise harmful. Such sub-stances may be present in containers having previously held one or more of the following:(1) Volatile liquid that can release potentially hazardous, flammable or toxic vapors, or any combination thereof.(2) An acidic or alkaline material that reacts with metals to produce hydrogen.(3) A nonvolatile liquid or solid that at ordinary temperatures will not release potentially hazardous vapors, but willdo so if the container is heated. (Note: Combustible vapo
