AWS SGSH-2003 The Independent Shop s Guide to Welding Safety and Health《独立店焊接安全和健康的指导》.pdf
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1、The Independent Shops Guide toWelding Safety and Health550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126THE INDEPENDENT SHOPS GUIDE TO WELDING SAFETY AND HEALTHCompiled/Written byJerome D. JenningsExpert ServicesThe information contained in this publication is intended for general information purposes onl
2、y and isprovided to help guide independent shops to understand the safety matters they need to know to comply withregulations and to make their workers and workplace safe. This publication is not a substitute for a thoroughreview of the applicable government regulations and standards, or other stand
3、ards from cited organizations,and should not be construed as legal advice or opinion. Readers with specific questions should refer to the citedregulation/standard/organization or consult with an attorney. This document is not a consensus standard. Thepublisher is not responsible for loss or damage r
4、esulting from use of this publication.iiPhotocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal,personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients, is granted by the American Welding Society(AWS) provided that the appro
5、priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: 978-750-8400; online: http:/. 2003 by the American Welding Society. All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.AUTHOR NOTESThis project began as the brainchild of the AWS Safety and Heal
6、th Committee. They recognized the need fora clear and direct guide to help independent shops get answers to their unique questions. Independent shopslack the resources of large companies, which have safety professionals on staff to keep up with the latestcodes, regulations, and needed training. As a
7、 result of this perceived gap, this booklet sprang to life. Anauthor and style was chosen, and the work began in earnest in cooperation with the AWS New ProductDevelopment Committee. In the process, the AWS Safety and Health Committee and the AWS SH4 Committeeon Labeling and Safe Practices reviewed
8、the publication at all of its stages and provided feedback to theauthor. These two groups of nationally recognized experts shared their knowledge and wisdom regularly,including technical information, helpful suggestions, and other details noticed during their reviews of thedrafts. Special recognitio
9、n goes to the following persons who took the time to share their expertise andcomments on a variety of areas and saw the project through to completion:Kris Bancroft, Safety Consultant/AuthorMember, AWS Safety and Health CommitteeKen Brown, Project Research Manager, The Lincoln Electric CompanyU.S. D
10、elegate to the International Institute of Welding (IIW)Cynthia Duffield, Industrial Hygienist, Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationSusan Fiore, Senior Engineer, Edison Welding InstituteChair, AWS Safety and Health CommitteeSteve Hedrick, Safety and Health Manager, American Welding SocietySe
11、cretary, AWS Safety and Health CommitteeAndrew Jennings, Safety/Environmental Engineer, Cooper Power SystemsLee Kvidahl, Manager, Welding and Manufacturing Engineering, Northrop Grumman/Ingalls OPChair, AWS New Product Development CommitteeAugust F. Manz, A.F. Manz AssociatesChair, ANSI Z49 Committe
12、e on Welding Safety and HealthMichael Synder, Supervisory Engineer, Mine Safety and Health AdministrationTruly the author stood on the shoulders of giants throughout this job. For their help and ever-available assis-tance, he is deeply grateful and indeed humbled to have worked with people of this c
13、aliber.Jerome D. JenningsWaupaca, WisconsiniiiTABLE OF CONTENTSPage No.Introduction1How to Use This Guide 1What is OSHA? 1Basic Safety Hazard Sources and Accident Results2Responsibilities of ManagementThe Shop Owner or Manager/Boss .2The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) 3Protection of the Work Ar
14、ea and Personnel 4Ventilation.7Fire Prevention and Protection 9Confined Spaces.10All About Cylinders 11Electric Shock Protection 12Oxyfuel Gas Welding and Cutting15Information Sources and Web Resources.21Conclusion 23Material Safety Data Sheet Glossary.24ivLIST OF TABLESTable Page No.1 Lens Shade Se
15、lector.8LIST OF FIGURESFigure Page No.1 Precautionary Information for Arc Welding Processes and Equipment.42 Sample of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).53 Precautionary Information for Oxyfuel Gas Processes and Equipment .18Welding Safety and HealthIndependent Shops Guide 1IntroductionThe purpose
16、 of this publication is to provide theowners of small welding and cutting shops with apractical guide to help ensure the safety and healthof employees and the protection of property. Themaintenance of the health and safety of employeesis vital to the successful operation of any business.Healthy and
17、safe workers are productive and con-tribute to the profitability of the business. Con-versely, workers exposed to unhealthy and unsafework environments can be costly to a businessthrough decreased productivity, absenteeism, in-creased medical expenses, increased property dam-age, and fines up to a m
18、aximum allowable penaltyof $70,000.001for a willful or repeated safety orhealth violation.This document describes the common potentialhealth and safety hazards that may be present in asmall welding and cutting shop and provides prac-tical advice on protecting workers and property. Itshould be unders
19、tood that not every potential haz-ard can be addressed in an overview publication,but additional sources of help are identifiedthroughout the publication. Some aspects of healthand safety, for example the assessment of workerexposures to welding fumes, may require personnelwith professional training
20、 and equipment not nor-mally employed in an independent shop. The shopowner may have to hire professional assistance incertain circumstances. When outside assistance isnecessary, AWS recommends the shop owner con-sider engaging a Certified Safety Professional (see“Websites,” page 23).How to Use This
21、 GuideStudy the information carefully. There are a series ofemphasis blocks, each identified by an icon. Theseblocks will summarize the situation, directly andquickly. Examples follow of the different types ofblocks and what you will find in them:1. A willful violation is defined by OSHA as one comm
22、it-ted with an intentional disregard of, or plain indifferenceto, the requirements of the Occupational Safety andHealth Act (1970) and regulations. The maximum finethat can be proposed for a willful violation is $70,000.What is OSHA?OSHA stands for the Occupational Safety andHealth Administration. S
23、ince 1970, OSHA has pub-lished requirements, called regulations, that spell outwhat safety measures must be taken for a variety ofsituations. They also are enforcers of these require-ments and have the power to fine employers whofail to comply. And keep in mind that ignorance ofthe regulations is no
24、t an accepted excuse. If you vio-late, you are fined. Period. OSHA sets the require-ments and assesses fines. Fines range up to $70,000per incident. Fines are adjusted for the size of thecompany and if the company is making a goodfaith effort to provide a safe and healthy workplace.OSHA publishes it
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