1、 ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-200-2001 Approved: September 19, 2001 TIA/EIA STANDARD TIA/EIA-455-200 FOTP-200 Insertion Loss of Connectorized Polarization-Maintaining Fiber or Polarizing Fiber Pigtailed Devices and Cable Assemblies TIA/EIA-455-200 SEPTEMBER 2001 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telec
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6、t owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish app
7、ropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-4245, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-6.9 Subcommittee on Polarization Maintaining Fibers, Connectors, and Components) Published by g211TELEC
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12、 with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-200iContents1. Introduction12. Normative references 33. Apparatus44. Sampling and specimens85. Procedure86. Calculations.117. Documentation118. Specification information.12ANNEX A. Comparison betw
13、een this standard and other TIA, IEC or ITU standards.13ANNEX B. Sample LED-based measurement system .14ANNEX C. Sample LD-based measurement system16Figure 1. Types of Polarization-Maintaining Fiber2Figure 2. Insertion loss measurement system schematic8Figure 3. Steps 5.3 through 5.410Figure 4. Step
14、s 5.5 and 5.610Figure 5. Example of LED-Based Calibration Set-Up For 0dB Setting. .14Figure 6. Example of LED-BASED Final Measurement Setup With DUT15Figure 7. Example of LD-Based 0dB Reference Setup16Figure 8. Example of LD-Based Final Measurement Setup.17Table 1. Wavelength Requirements Of Optical
15、 Power Source 5Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-200iiThis Page Left BlankCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under licen
16、se with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-200iii_Foreword_This Standard comes from TIA Project No. 4245 and was formulated under thecognizance of TIA subcommittee FO-6.9.This FOTP is part of a series of test procedures included within R
17、ecommendedStandard TIA/EIA-455.This Standard describes a new test method. There are three annexes to this Standard,all are informative.Key words: polarization-maintaining fiber, polarizing fiber, PMF, PMZ. attenuation,insertion loss.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS u
18、nder license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-200ivThis Page Left BlankCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
19、rom IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-2001FOTP-200Insertion Loss of ConnectorizedPolarization-Maintaining Fiber or Polarizing FiberPigtailed Devices and Cable Assemblies_1. Introduction_1.1 IntentThis Standard specifies a procedure for the measurement of the insertion loss ofa fiber optic interconnection on singl
20、e mode, highly linearly birefringent opticalfiber, i.e. either polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) or polarizing fiber (PZF).The connector can be mounted on the PMF/PZF pigtail of a component or partof a cable assembly. Insertion loss, as used in this Standard, is the measuredattenuation of the int
21、erconnection, expressed in decibels. The methoddescribed in this Standard is the PMF/PZF equivalent of ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-171Method D with the insertion loss reported as a positive number.1.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply.Birefringence. The property of a
22、 material in which orthogonal light polarizationshave different indices of refraction, which cause the light at those polarizationsto travel at different speeds (also referred to as the fast and slow axes). Linearlybirefringent fiber maintains linear polarization states along the length of the fiber
23、.Unstable birefringence in standard single-mode fiber causes the states ofpolarization to behave in an unpredictable way. Polarization-maintaining fibersare a special class of single-mode fibers with a highly birefringent waveguidestructure that maintain the polarization states across the length of
24、the fiber.Polarizer/Analyzer. An optical element designed to transmit light of a singlepolarization state - most commonly, a linear state. When a polarizer is placedat the output of an optical system, it is called an analyzer.Extinction. The ratio of the optical power passed in the transmitted polar
25、izationstate to the power passed in the orthogonal polarization state. The extinction ofa polarizing element is measured with unpolarized light incident.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted witho
26、ut license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-2002Polarization Crosstalk. The ratio of the power that crosses over to the initiallyunexcited polarization state to the power that remains in the initially excited state(both powers measured at the elements distal end). The polarization crosstalkof a birefringent
27、 element is measured with polarized light, aligned to be parallelto either of the elements principal axes, incident.Polarization-Maintaining Fiber (PMF). A class of highly linearly birefringentsingle-mode fiber, unlike the common variety of low birefringence, single-modefiber used in telecommunicati
28、on networks. PMF is used to guide linearlypolarized light from point to point, that is, to ensure that polarization does notchange with distance. As shown in figure 1, the birefringence of commercialPMF is stress-induced by placing the core between or within glass elements ofdifferent physical compo
29、sition, or by forming a non-round core.Polarizing Fiber (PZF). A highly birefringent optical fiber in which only onepolarization state is propagated with low attenuation.Principal Optical Axes. Those optical axes for which the speed of light in alinearly birefringent material is a maximum or a minim
30、um.Slow Axis. The optical axis of a PMF or PZF which is aligned to the stress rods(as in PANDA or Bow-tie fiber), the stress region (as in Oval stress region fiber),or the major axis of an elliptical core fiber. For PMF to be actually polarizationmaintaining, linearly polarized light must be aligned
31、 with one of the axes,commonly the slow axis. By convention, the anti-rotation key of the connectorshould be aligned with the slow axis as defined in FOCIS-4A and to be followedfor other connector types, as shown in Figure 1.Fast Axis. The optical axis of a PMF or PZF which is orthogonal to the slow
32、axis. See Figure 1.Panda Bow TieOvalCoreOval StressRegionSlow axis(Aligned WithConnector Key)FastAxisFigure 1. Types of Polarization-Maintaining FiberCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without
33、license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-2003Device Under Test (DUT). The specimen, or device, under test.Laser Diode (LD). Optical power source incorporating a typically coherent laserdiode as its basic emitting device.Light-Emitting Diode (LED). Optical power source incorporating a non-coherent light-emit
34、ting diode as its basic emitting device._2. Normative references_The following standards contain provisions, which, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties
35、toagreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI andTIA maintain registers of currently valid national standards published by them.ANSI/TIA/EIA 440-A Fiber Optic TerminologyANSI/TIA/EIA 455-A
36、Standard Test Procedure for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables, Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and Other Fiber Optic ComponentsANSI/TIA/EIA 455-80 FOTP-80, Cut-off Wavelength MeasurementProcedureANSI/TIA/EIA 455-171 FOTP-171, Attenuation by Substitution Measurementfor Short Length
37、 Multimode Graded Index and Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cable AssembliesANSI/TIA/EIA 455-193 FOTP-193, Polarization Crosstalk Test Method forPolarization-Maintaining Optical FiberANSI/TIA/EIA 455-201 FOTP-201, Return Loss of ConnectorizedPolarization-Maintaining Fiber or Polarizing FiberPigtailed Devi
38、ces and ComponentsANSI/TIA/EIA 604 Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability StandardCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-2004ANSI/TIA/EIA 604-4A FOCIS 4A, F
39、iber Optic Connector IntermateabilityStandard Type FC with APC and PolarizationMaintaining RequirementsIEC 61300-3-24 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and PassiveComponents Basic Test and MeasurementProcedures Part 3-24: Examinations andMeasurements Keying Accuracy of OpticalConnectors for Polari
40、zation Maintaining FibreTELCORDIA GR-326-CORE Generic Specification for Single ModeConnectors and Cable Assemblies (Issue 3)_3. Apparatus_Refer to figure 2 for a schematic diagram of the apparatus to be used.3.1 Optical power sourceThe optical power and wavelength of the light source must either be
41、stable overthe duration of the test or normalized by means of a reference. Without areference, the uncontrolled variation in source power must be less than 1%(0.05 dB) during the measurement. The center wavelength of the source shallbe within the parameters provided in Table 1. The source power must
42、 be keptbelow the level required to induce non-linear propagation effects; 10 mW istypically a safe limit.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA/EIA-455-2005Table 1
43、. Wavelength Requirements Of Optical Power SourceNominal Wavelength Center Wavelength1310nm 1310nm +/- 30nm1550nm 1550nm +/- 30nmThe source spectral width at the -3 dB intensity points shall be greater than 10nm, or alternatively, its coherence length shall be appropriately short for thesample under
44、 test, in accordance with Annex A of FOTP-193. In addition, thesource shall not emit more than 0.1 % (-30 dB) of its optical power atwavelengths shorter than the sample fibers cutoff wavelength for the fiber axisunder test, as determined by FOTP-80.If the source is partially polarized, it may be nec
45、essary to add components to thesystem, e.g. depolarizers, so that the amount of light the polarizer transmitsdoes not substantially change as it rotates. Sources with a high degree ofinherent polarization shall not be relied upon to supplant the polarizer of Fig. 2since system performance will be se
46、riously compromised. Rather, componentsshall again be added to prevent significant changes in the amount of lighttransmitted by the polarizer following rotation. At least two alternatives can beconsidered: depolarization or circular polarization prior to the polarizer.3.2 Detection systemThe photode
47、tector may be built into an optical power meter or it may be part of asynchronous detection system. Its spectral response shall be appropriate to thesource wavelength. The response of the photodetector shall be uniform over itssurface to within 2% (0.1 dB).The detection system shall be linear to within 1% (0.05 dB) over the minimum tomaximum measured powers. This includes, for example, linearity across scalechanges in power meters. The detect
