1、The Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterSMANSI/AWWA C903-05(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C903-02)AWWA StandardEffective date: Sept. 1, 2005.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 23, 1991.This edition approved June 12, 2005.Approved by American National Standards Institute Mar. 23, 2005.Pol
2、yethyleneAluminumPolyethylene (212) 642-4900.Science and TechnologyAWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technologicalknowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance publichealth and
3、 safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system,
4、except in the form of briefexcerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2005 by American Water Works AssociationPrinted in USACopyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institu
5、te: May 21, 2002.iiiCommittee PersonnelThe AWWA Standards Committee on Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings, whichreviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:Michael G. Boyle, ChairGeneral Interest MembersJ.P. Castronovo, CH2M Hill, Gainesville, Fla. (AW
6、WA)K.C. Choquette, Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)D.E. Duvall, Engineering Systems Inc., Aurora, Ill. (AWWA)M.L. Magnant, Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)S.A. Mruk, New Providence, N.J. (PPI)J.R. Paschal, Bodycote Polymer-Broutman Laboratory, Ypsila
7、nti, Mich. (AWWA)J.R. Peters, M.D. Wessler theirsolutions require specialized knowledge.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.xThe wave velocity and surge pressure that result from abrupt changes in thevel
8、ocity of a column of water moving through a restrained pipe may be calculatedusing the following formulas:Where:a = wave velocity, in ft/sec (m/sec)K = bulk modulus of water 294,000 lb/in.2(2,100 MPa) = density of water 1,000 lb/in.3(kg/m3)d = internal diameter, in. (mm)t = equivalent thickness of p
9、olyethylene, in. (mm)tPEi= inner polyethylene layer thickness, in. (mm)EAL= elastic modulus of aluminum, 4.20 106psi (30,000 MPa)EPE= elastic modulus of polyethylene, 150,000 psi (1,047 MPa)EPEX= elastic modulus of cross-linked polyethylene, 150,000 psi*(1,047 MPa)tAL= aluminum layer thickness, in.
10、(mm)tPEo= outer polyethylene layer thickness, in. (mm)Ps= surge pressure, psig (kPa)vo= change in flow velocity, in ft/sec (m/sec)Table F.1 shows surge pressures resulting from an instantaneous change invelocity of 1 ft/sec (0.3048 m/sec), as calculated from the earlier equations. Theanticipated sur
11、ge and the instantaneous change in velocity are directly related;therefore, the surge resulting from higher velocity changes is a multiple of the valuesgiven in this table (i.e., the surge anticipated at a velocity of 5 ft/sec 1.524 m/sec isfive times the value at 1 ft/sec 0.3048 m/sec).*If calculat
12、ing surge pressure in PEX-AL-PEX service lines, use EPEXinstead of EPE.aK 1 Kd()tEPE()+-=ttPEiEALEPE()tALtPEo+=Psvoa=Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.xiII.A.3. Temperature effects. The pressure rating
13、 of PR 200 for pipes in ANSI/AWWA C903 is based on water temperatures of 73.4F (23C). For elevatedtemperatures, Table 7 details pressure ratings for pipes, 180F (82C), and 200F(93C).These pressure ratings are obtained by multiplying the pressure design basis(PDB) by a 0.5 design factor, recommended
14、by the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI),*inkeeping with PPI TR-3 and listed in PPI TR-4 for composite “multilayer” pipe.II.B. External Loads.II.B.1. Earth loads. For properly installed small-diameter conduit, the effectsof distributed earth loads can usually be disregarded.II.B.2. Live loads. Pipe shou
15、ld be installed to preclude construction loads andsubsequent traffic loads. If the installation is to be subjected to surface traffic, aminimum cover of 12 in. (30.5 cm) should be provided, and trench backfill in thepipe zone should be compacted to at least 90 percent of the laboratory maximumdensit
16、y of the backfill soil, as determined in accordance with ASTM D698. SectionII.C.4 of this Foreword provides further detail.Table F.1 Calculated surge pressures for an instantaneous change in velocity of 1 ft/sec (0.3048 m/sec) in PEALPE or PEXALPEX pipePipe Diameter Surge Pressurein. (ID/OD mm) psig
17、 (kPa)11/2 (12 / 16) 29.6 (205.4)15/8 (16 / 20) 29.0 (201.7)13/4 (20 / 25) 26.5 (184.3)11/2 (25 / 32) 25.0 (173.8)11/4 (32 / 40) 23.3 (161.8)11/2 (41 / 50) 22.2 (154.2)21/2 (51 / 63) 19.5 (135.4)NOTE: Metric nominal pipe size is described by a four-digit numbering system. The first two digitsreprese
18、nt nominal inside diameter (ID) in mm. The last two digits represent nominal outside diameter(OD) in mm. As an example, nominal pipe size 12/16 has nominal ID of 12 mm and nominal ODof 16 mm.*Plastics Pipe Institute, 1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 680, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2005 America
19、n Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.xiiII.B.3. Concentrated loads. Pipe installations should be designed and con-structed to preclude localized concentrated loadings, such as point contact withstones; the effect of differenti
20、al earth settlement, particularly at points of connectionwith rigidly anchored fittings; and excessive bending caused by installationconfiguration, especially fittings.II.C. Installation.II.C.1. Storage and handling. PEALPE and PEXALPEX pipe should bestored in a way that prevents damage caused by cr
21、ushing, abrasion, piercing, excessiveheat, harmful chemicals, or exposure to sunlight for prolonged periods. Themanufacturers recommendations regarding storage should be followed.PEALPE pipe and PEXALPEX pipe are not subject to breakage duringnormal handling. However, they are subject to damage by h
22、ard objects with a cuttingedge. Therefore, handling operations, trench installation, and backfill should beperformed with reasonable care to prevent scratches, nicks, and gouges in theconduit.Practices such as dragging coils of pipe over rough ground and installing bypulling through auger or bore ho
23、les containing sharp-edged material should beavoided to prevent damage by excessive abrasion and cutting. If pipe is cut to a depthexposing the aluminum core, the damaged portion should be removed, discarded,and replaced. If pipe becomes out of round from mishandling or bending, the sectionmay be re
24、rounded as per manufacturers instructions. Kinked pipe sections should beremoved, discarded, and replaced.II.C.2. Bending. Bends in PEALPE and PEXALPEX pipe should not bepermitted to occur closer than 10 diameters from any fitting or valve. Therecommended minimum radius of curvature shall be as show
25、n in Table F.2. Careshould be taken to ensure that kinking does not develop either during or afterinstallation. The manufacturers instructions and recommendations for bending pipeshould be followed.II.C.3. Joining methods and fittings. Fittings used in service line applicationsshould be insert types
26、, complying with the material and performance requirements ofANSI/AWWA C800 and the manufacturers requirements for dimensions andtolerances. The use of fittings that are not covered by a recognized standard is subjectto the judgment and discretion of the purchaser. Each fitting should be qualifiedbe
27、fore use by investigation and by tests when necessary to determine that the fittingis suitable and safe for the intended service.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.xiiiII.C.4. Embedment of pipe. In unde
28、rground installations, PEALPE andPEXALPEX pipe should be installed in trench bottoms that provide continuoussupport and are uniform and free from rocks, stones, and debris (reference ASTMD2774). The initial backfill material, from 3 in. (7.6 cm) below the pipeline to 46in. (10.2 cm15.2 cm) above the
29、 pipe, should be as permitted in ASTM D2774.Excavated trench material may be used if it meets the requirements of ASTMD2774. In order to prevent freezing in water lines, pipe should be installed below thefrost line.II.C.5. Under-slab installation. PE-AL-PE and PEX-AL-PEX may be installedunder a conc
30、rete slab.II.C.6. Testing. The installation should be tested for leakage in accordancewith the applicable code or engineering standard prior to acceptance by the owner.II.D. Water system disinfection. PEALPE and PEXALPEX pipe should bedisinfected in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C651, Standard for Disin
31、fecting WaterMains. After disinfecting, the system should be purged, including isolated or stagnantservice lines.II.E. Squeeze-off. The use of squeeze-off techniques for emergency shutoffshould be performed only with tools and methods as recommended by the pipemanufacturer.Table F.2 Minimum bending
32、radius for PEALPE and PEXALPEX pipeNominal Pipe Size Minimum Bending Radius*in. (ID/OD mm) psig (kPa)11/2 (12 / 16) 3.2 (80)15/8 (16 / 20) 4.0 (100)13/4 (20 / 25) 5.0 (125)11/2 (25 / 32) 6.3 (160)11/4 (32 / 40) 7.5 (190)11/2 (41 / 50) 8.8 (225)21/2 (51 / 63) 11.6 (295)NOTE: Metric nominal pipe size
33、is described by a four-digit numbering system. The first two digitsrepresent nominal ID in mm. The last two digits represent nominal OD in mm. As an example,nominal pipe size 12/16 has nominal ID of 12 mm and nominal OD of 16 mm.*Manufacturers recommendations, procedures, and equipment should be use
34、d to achieve at leastthe minimum bending radii shown in Table F.2.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.xivII.F. References. The latest edition of the following documents are incorpo-rated by reference in
35、the Foreword to the extent specified. In any case of conflict, theprovisions of the Foreword should prevail. These references are provided forinformation only and are not a part of ANSI/AWWA C903.ANSI/AWWA C651Disinfecting Water Mains.ANSI/AWWA C800Underground Service Line Valves and Fittings.ASTM*D
36、698Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteris-tics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3600 kN-m/m3).ASTM D2774Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pressure Piping.ASTM F1281Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Crosslinke
37、d Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) Pressure Pipe.ASTM F1282Standard Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene(PE-AL-PE) Composite Pressure Pipe. PPI TR-3/2004Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Bases(HDB), Pressure Design Bases (PDB), Strength Design Bases (SDB), and Minimu
38、mRequired Strengths (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe.PPI TR-4/2004PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Bases (HDB), StrengthDesign Bases (SDB), Pressure Design Bases (PDB) and Minimum Required Strength(MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe.III. Use of This Stan
39、dard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWAstandard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for usein the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser options and alternatives. The following items should be pro-vided by the purchaser:1. Standard
40、usedthat is, ANSI/AWWA C903, Standard for PolyethyleneAluminumPolyethylene and, as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, density, andother physical properties. Surfaces of the pipe shall be free from scratches and gouges.4.3.2 Degree of cross-linking for PEXALPEX pipe. The gel content
41、 (asdefined in ASTM D2765) of the inner and outer layers of cross-linked PE shall be atleast 60 percent for radiation cross-linked PE, and at least 65 percent for PEcross-linked by the silane method. Testing shall be in accordance with ASTM F1281.4.3.3 Dimensions and tolerances. Pipe shall conform t
42、o the applicable dimen-sion requirements specified in Table 3 and Table 4.Table 3 Outside diameters, aluminum thickness, and tolerancesNominal Pipe Size Minimum Outside Diameter and ToleranceMaximum Out-of-Roundness*Minimum Aluminum Thickness and Tol e rancein.(ID/OD mm)in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in
43、 (mm) in. (mm)11/2 (12/16) 0.630 (16.00) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.016 (0.4) 0.007 (0.18) +0.0035 (+0.09)15/8 (16/20) 0.787 (20.00) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.009 (0.23) +0.0035 (+0.09)13/4 (20 /25) 0.984 (25.00) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.009 (0.23) +0.0035 (+0.09)11/2 (25/32) 1.260 (32.00) +0.012 (+0.3
44、0) 0.020 (0.5) 0.011 (0.28) +0.0035 (+0.09)11/4 (32/40) 1.579 (40.10) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.013 (0.33) +0.0024 (+0.06)11/2 (41/50) 1.972 (50.10) +0.012 (+0.30) 0.020 (0.5) 0.018 (0.47) +0.0024 (+0.06)21/2 (51/63) 2.484 (63.10) +0.016 (+0.40) 0.020 (0.5) 0.022 (0.57) +0.0024 (+0.06)NOTE: Metri
45、c nominal pipe size is described by a four-digit numbering system. The first two digits represent nominal ID in mm. Thelast two digits represent nominal OD in mm. As an example, nominal pipe size 12/16 has nominal ID of 12 mm and nominal ODof 16 mm.*The out-of-roundness specification applies only to
46、 tubing prior to coiling.Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002.PEALPE AND PEXALPEX COMPOSITE PIPES 74.3.4 Pipe wall thickness. Inner and outer PE layers and overall wall thick-ness shall conform to the min
47、imum requirements shown in Table 4.4.3.5 Sustained pressure. The pipe shall not fail, balloon, burst, or weep, asdefined in the Significance and Use section of ASTM D1598, when tested for 10 hrat the test pressure given in Table 5 at a temperature of 180F (82C) for PEALPEpipe and at the test pressur
48、e given in Table 6 at a temperature of 180F (82C) forPEXALPEX pipe.4.3.6 Burst pressure. The minimum burst pressure for pipes shall be as givenin Table 5 (PEALPE pipe) and Table 6 (PEXALPEX pipe), when tested inaccordance with ASTM D1599 and the applicable sections of ASTM F1281 andASTM F1282.4.3.7
49、Pressure design basis. The pressure design basis recommended by thePlastics Pipe Institute (PPI), determined in accordance with PPI TR-3 and listed inPPI TR-4, is used to pressure rate PEALPE and PEXALPEX composite pipesdescribed in this standard. A design factor of 0.5 is multiplied by the pressure designbasis to yield pressure ratings as shown in Table 7.4.3.8 Certification. Pipe shall be tested and certified as suitable for use withpotabl
