1、BRITISH STANDARD BS1187:1959 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Wood blocks for floorsBS1187:1959 This British Standard, having been approved by the Timber Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman ofthe Building Divisional Council,was published under theauthority of the
2、 General Council on 29 September1959 BSI 10-1999 First published December 1944 First revision September 1959 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TIB/9 Draft for comment CV(TIB)3883 ISBN 0 580 35690 6 Co-operating organizations The Timber Industry Sta
3、ndards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: British Door Association British Furniture Trade Confederation British Railways, the British Transport Comm
4、ission British Wood Chipboard Manufacturers Association D.S.I.R. Forest Products Research Laboratory* English Joinery Manufacturers Association (Incorporated) Fibre Building Board Development Organization Ltd. Flush Door Manufacturers Association Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Municip
5、al Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Ministry of Housing and Local Government Ministry of Works National Federation of Building Trades Employers National Sawmilling Association Royal Institute of British Architects* Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Timber Development Association*
6、 Timber Trade Federation of the United Kingdom* The Government department and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Committee entrusted with the preparation of the standard. Association of Floo
7、ring Contractors Hardwood Flooring Manufacturers Association Incorporated Association of Architects & Surveyors Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 21 June 1968 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS1187:1959 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Ins
8、ide front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions and nomenclature 1 3 Grade description 1 4 Manufacture 1 5 Dimensions 1 6 Moisture content 1 7 Rate of growth 2 Appendix Hardwoods and softwoods suitable for use as flooring 3BS1187:1959 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the
9、following British Standards and Code of Practice: BS350, Conversion factors and tables. BS565, Glossary of terms applicable to timber, plywood and joinery. BS881&BS 589, Nomenclature of commercial timbers including sources of supply. CP201, Flooring of wood and wood products Part1: Wood flooring (bo
10、ard, strip, block and mosaic). This standard makes available for architects and surveyors, builders and flooring contractors, information regarding minimum requirements for wood blocks for floors. The choice of a species for wood blocks is influenced by consideration of cost, decorative properties,
11、the nature of the wearing surface and its ability to stand up to the expected traffic conditions, and the stability of the timber. Species of timber are available to meet the requirements of every type of traffic condition. Many hardwoods will withstand the heavy duty of industrial floors and where
12、conditions are less exacting a wide range of woods will give excellent service. A large number of timbers is also available for the special floors in buildings where particular qualities in the species are required. Problems concerning the suitability of various timbers to withstand different types
13、and intensities of traffic are dealt with in detail in Forest Products Research Bulletin No.40, “Timbers for flooring”. 1)This Bulletin includes an Appendix, reproduced at the end of the standard, which classifies hardwoods and softwoods in various groups according to the conditions of service or ap
14、plication as a floor. This classification of timbers does not mean that they are necessarily available commercially or that other timbers not specifically mentioned are unsuitable. There are many hundreds of different species of timber many of which are very suitable for flooring and it would be imp
15、ractical to list them all. It cannot be emphasized too strongly that no wood flooring block will give satisfactory service unless it is laid in accordance with good practice. A Code of Practice, CP201, “Flooring of wood and wood products”, Part1, “Wood flooring (board, strip, block and mosaic)”, mak
16、es recommendations on methods of laying. Several novel types of wood flooring are available, some as thin as) in.(10mm), but complete standardization of these blocks is impracticable because of the varying techniques of manufacture, some of which are the subject of British patents. It is considered
17、desirable, however, that these types of flooring should conform to this British Standard insofar as it can be applicable to them. NOTEWhere metric equivalents have been given the figures in British units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric conversions are approximate. More accurate conver
18、sions should be based on the Tables in BS350. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligati
19、ons. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) Obt
20、ainable from H.M. Stationery Office.BS1187:1959 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard relates the hardwood and softwood blocks excluding end grain blocks for laying on level concrete or other types of rigid level bases, and specifies the minimum requirements for dimensions, grade descriptions,
21、 and methods of manufacture. It includes an Appendix taken from the Forest Products Research Laboratory BulletinNo.40, “Timbers for flooring”, giving a list of suitable timbers for manufacture of wood blocks for different applications. 2 Definitions and nomenclature The definitions of the terms used
22、 in this British Standard are given in BS565, “Glossary of terms applicable to timber, plywood and joinery”, and the nomenclature conforms to BS881 and589, “Nomenclature of commercial timbers, including sources of supply”. 3 Grade description a) Hardwoods. Hardwood blocks shall be free from all sign
23、s of decay and insect attack except for pinholes to the extent specified below, and shall have the face free from all defects. Occasional pin knots and bright sapwood are not considered defects. b) Softwoods. Softwood blocks shall be free from all signs of decay and insect attack, except for pinhole
24、s to the extent specified below, and shall have the face free from all defects. Occasional tight sound knots, with the overall dimension of the knot measured across the width of the face of the block (i.e.,the width between lines touching the knot and parallel to the edges of the block) not greater
25、than# in.(19mm), and bright sapwood are not considered defects. On the back of any wood blocks defects other than decay and insect attack shall be permitted, provided they do not impair the fitting of the interlocking system or the laying of the floor. Pinholes in both hardwoods and softwoods not gr
26、eater than 1 / 16 in.(1.6mm) in diameter shall be permitted, provided that they are not closely clustered and also that only20per cent of the piece or25per cent of the parcel is affected. (Thepin-worm is a borer which cannot live in timber after the tree is felled and dried.) Colour variation in bot
27、h hardwood and softwood blocks shall be permitted. 4 Manufacture Hardwood and softwood blocks shall be free from any of the defects due to manufacturing defined in BS565. 2) An interlocking method of jointing such as the tongue and groove shall be used. A chamfer or groove shall be machined along th
28、e bottom of both longitudinal edges of the wood block to take up surplus adhesive. 5 Dimensions The dimensions of the wood block at the time of delivery shall conform to the following: a) The finished thickness shall be not less than 13 / 16 in.(21mm) with a clear wearing thickness of not less than
29、3 / 8in.(10mm) above the interlocking system. b) The maximum width of face shall not exceed3 1 / 2 in.(89mm). c) The length shall be not less than6in.(152mm) nor more than15in.(381mm). The more common lengths are within the range9in.(229mm) to12in.(305mm). d) Any one package or bundle shall contain
30、wood blocks of a single species, thickness, width, length and type of manufacture only. 6 Moisture content The moisture content of hardwood and softwood blocks shall be adjusted to suit the conditions under which the building is ultimately to be used. It is essential that the average conditions of t
31、emperature and humidity in the building before, during and after laying, shall approximate to those which prevail or will prevail during occupation. The ranges of moisture content are given in the following table: NOTEWhere heating panels are embedded in the floors or ceilings it is necessary to kil
32、ndry wood blocks to a moisture content lower than the minimum of the lowest range given above. 2) BS565, “Glossary of terms applicable to timber, plywood and joinery Type of heating Ranges of moisture content at time of delivery Intermittent heating 12 to15per cent. Continuous heating 9 to12per cent
33、 Under-floor heating a 6 to10per cent. a Not suitable for softwood flooring.BS1187:1959 2 BSI 10-1999 7 Rate of growth The requirements for rate of growth considerations apply only to softwood blocks. The number of growth rings, seen on the cross-section of the wood blocks, on a line1in.(25mm) in l
34、ength perpendicular to the direction of the rings, shall be not less than six nor more than twenty, unless the material contains more than one-third of summerwood (the dark portion of the growth ring). If a1in. line cannot be obtained on the cross-section the measurements shall be made over as long
35、a line as possible.BS1187:1959 BSI 10-1999 3 Appendix Hardwoods and softwoods suitable for use as flooring Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Forest Products Research Appendix to Bulletin No.40 Timbers for flooring The hardwoods and softwoods listed in this Appendix are recommended as
36、 being suitable for use as flooring, mainly in wood strip, wood block, or board form, but not as end-grain blocks. The list is not exhaustive and the omission of any particular species of timber does not imply that it is necessarily unsuitable for flooring. On the other hand the inclusion of a timbe
37、r in the list does not imply that it is always readily available on the market. Those timbers mentioned as especially suited to particular conditions of service can be used under other conditions when they possess the necessary qualifications. Some species have therefore been included in one or more
38、 groups. It should be appreciated, however, that the various timbers indicated as suitable for any particular service conditions may not all be equally suitable in every aspect. I. The floor for pedestrian traffic a) Heavy Traffic Intensities of2000persons per day and upwards, usually concentrated i
39、n definite traffic lanes, as in public institutions, barracks, industrial canteens, corridors in large schools, colleges, etc. Timber a Weight b Timber Weight Afina (Strombosia postulata) 57 Missanda (Erythrophleum guineense African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) 48 and E. ivorensis) 56 Banga wanga (
40、Amblygonocarpus Mora (Mora excelsa) 64 obtusangulus) 62 Mfunda (Cynometna webberi) 61 Bubinga (Guibourtia demeusei) 50 Mugonha (Adina microcephala) 55 Burma padauk (Pterocarpus Mugonyone (Apodytes dimidiata) 53 macrocarpus) 52 Muhimbi (Cynometra alexandri) 54 Danta (Nesogordonia papaverifera) 47 Muh
41、uhu (Brachylaena hutchinsii) 60 East African olive (Olea hochstetteri) 55 Nkunya (Manilkara cuneifolia) 65 European beech (Fagus sylvatica) 43 Panga panga (Millettia stuhlmanii) 50 European oak (Quercus robur and Pillarwood (Cassipourea elliottii) 46 Q. petraea) 44 Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.) 54 Gu
42、arabu (Astronium spp.) 49 Pyinkado (Xylia dolabriformis) 58 Haldu/kwao (Adina cordifolia) 42 Rhodesian copalwood (Guibourtia Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) 46 coleosperma) 50 Japanese maple (Acer spp.) 44 “Rhodesian teak” (Baikiaea plurijuga) 57 Loliondo (Olea welwitschii) 50 Rock maple (Acer saccharum
43、) 46 Makarati (Burkea africana) 61 Serrette (Byrsonima spicata) 44 Malayankeruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) 49 Spotted gum (Eucalyptus maculata) 60 a Standard name and botanical species. The majority of these are taken from BS881 and BS589: “Nomenclature of Commercial Timbers”. b Approximate weight in lb
44、 per cu. ft at12 per cent moisture content.BS1187:1959 4 BSI 10-1999 b) Normal Traffic Intensities less than2000persons per day, as experienced in village and assembly halls, school and college classrooms, hospitals, hotels, canteens, offices, shops, etc. c) Light Traffic The floors in residential a
45、nd domestic buildings, flats, small classrooms, small offices. Timber Weight Timber Weight Species under a) with Malayan kapur/North Borneo kapur African celtis (Celtis spp.) 49 (Dryobalanops spp.) 48/44 Afrormosia (Afrormosia elata) 46 Mengkulang (Tarrietia spp.) 44 Afzelia (Afzelia spp.) 47 Merbau
46、 (Intsia bijuga) 48 American pitch pine (Pinus palustris and Mersawa/krabak (Anisoptera spp.) 39 P. elliottii) mainly rift-sawn 41 Muninga (Pterocarpus angolensis) 41 Apitong (Dipterocarpus spp.) 43 Musine (Croton megalocarpus) 44 Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus) 42 Okwen (Brachystegia nigerica) 4
47、2 Dark red meranti/dark red seraya Opepe (Sarcocephalus diderrichii) 47 (Shorea spp.) 43 Ramin (Gonystylus spp.) 41 Grevillea (African silky-oak)(Grevillea Sapele/utile (Entandrophragma spp.) 40/40 robusta) 35 Selangan batu (Hopea spp. and Guarea (Guarea spp.) 38 Shorea spp.) 54/59 Gurjun (Dipteroca
48、rpus spp.) 44/46 Sepetir (Pseudosindora palustris) 41 Iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) 41 “Tasmanian myrtle” (Nothofagus Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) 54 cunninghamii) 37 Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) 57 Teak (Tectona grandis) 43 Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) 54 Yang (Dipterocarpus spp.) 44 Keruing (
49、Dipterocarpus spp.) 50 Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) 43 Makor (Mimusops heckelii) 38 Timber Weight Timber Weight Species in a) and b) with Light red meranti/light red seraya Abura (Mitragyna ciliata) 34 (Shorea spp.) 33 Afara (Terminalia superba) 31 Manio (Podocarpus spp.) 32 African mahogany (Khaya spp.) 31 Niangon (Tarrietia utilis) 39 “African walnut” (Lovoa klaineana) 34 Matai (Podocarpus spicata) 38 Agba (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum) 31 “Parana pine” (Araucaria angustifolia) 33 Dahoma (Piptadenia africana) 43 Podo (Podocarpus spp.) 32 “Douglas fir” (P
