1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 2972:1989 Methods of test for Inorganic thermal insulating materials UDC 662.998:699.86:691:546.08:620.1BS2972:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Refrigeration Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the
2、authorityof the Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 30 November1989 BSI 02-2000 First published May 1961 First revision August 1975 Second revision November 1989 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RHE/9 Draft for comment 87/76211 DC ISBN 0 580 1753
3、3 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Refrigeration Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Policy Committee (RHE/-) to Technical Committee RHE/9, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Ceramic Research Lt
4、d. British Gas plc Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Combustion Engineering Association Cranfield Institute of Technology Department of Health and Social Security Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Trade and Industry (National Engineering
5、 Laboratory) Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Eurisol (UK Mineral Wool Association) Gypsum Products Development Association Phenolic Foam Manufacturers Association Re
6、frigeration Industry Board Royal Institute of British Architects Thermal Insulation Manufacturers and Suppliers Association (TIMSA) Thermal Insulations Contractors Association Water Tube Boiler Group, Power Plant Contractors Association The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of t
7、he standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Rubber Manufacturers Association Calcium Silicate Brick Association Limited Institute of Refrigeration Institution of Mechanical Engineers Yarsley Technical Centre Ltd Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS2972:198
8、9 BSI 02-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword iv Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Sampling 1 Section 2. Dimensions 4 General 4 5 Measurement before application 4 6 Measurement after application 10 7 Weighing 11 Section 3. Bulk density 8 General 12 9 P
9、reformed materials 12 10 Plastic composition materials 13 11 Flexible materials 13 12 Loose-fill materials 13 13 Blown materials 18 Section 4. Thermal properties 14 Thermal conductivity 21 15 Specific heat capacity 21 16 Thermal diffusivity 21 Section 5. Assessment of fire hazard 17 General 22 18 As
10、sessment of self heating hazard 22 Section 6. Heat stability 19 General 24 20 Apparatus 24 21 Preparation of test specimen 24 22 Procedure 24 23 Expression of results 24 Section 7. Resistance to compression 24 Apparatus 25 25 Specimens 25 26 Procedure 25 27 Expression of results 26 Section 8. Interl
11、aminar strength 28 General 27 Section 9. Vibration settlement 29 Vibration at high frequency and small amplitude 29 30 Expression of results 29 31 Description of a gauge for measuring settlement of fibrous materials 30 Section 10. Covering capacity 32 General 32 33 Apparatus 32 34 Procedure 32 35 Ex
12、pression of results 32BS2972:1989 ii BSI 02-2000 Page Section 11. Moisture content 36 General 34 37 Specimens 34 38 Preparation of test specimens 34 39 Procedure 34 40 Expression of results 34 Section 12. Water absorption 41 General 35 42 Specimens 35 43 Procedure 35 44 Expression of results 35 Sect
13、ion 13. Water vapour permeance 45 Procedure 36 46 Conversion of units 36 Section 14. Coarse shot content 47 General 38 48 Apparatus 38 49 Procedure 38 50 Expression of results 38 Section 15. Oil content 51 General 39 52 Apparatus 39 53 Procedure 39 54 Expression of results 39 Section 16. Organic mat
14、ter 55 General 40 56 Method 1. Determination of organic matter 40 57 Method 2. Determination of the concentration of carbon in inorganic insulation materials without combined water and/or carbonates 40 58 Method 3. Determination of the concentration of carbon in inorganic insulating materials contai
15、ning combined water and/or carbonates 41 Section 17. Air permeability 59 General 45 60 Apparatus 45 61 Procedure 45 62 Expression of results 45 Section 18. Flexural strength 63 General 47 64 Apparatus 47 65 Specimens 47 66 Procedure 47 67 Expression of results 47 Section 19. Fibre diameter 68 Genera
16、l 48 69 Apparatus 48 70 Specimen preparation 48BS2972:1989 BSI 02-2000 iii Page 71 Slide preparation 48 72 Measurement procedure 48 73 Expression of results 50 Section 20. Electrical conductivity of aqueous extract 74 General 51 75 Apparatus 51 76 Conditioning atmosphere 51 77 Sample 51 78 Procedure
17、 51 Section 21. Trace quantities of water-soluble chlorides 79 General 53 80 Method 1 53 81 Method 2 54 Section 22. pH value of water extract 82 Preparation of sample 56 83 Determination of pH value of water extract 56 Figure 1 Thickness gauge 6 Figure 2 Determination of deviation from square of a b
18、oard 9 Figure 3 Apparatus for determining bulk density of powders 15 Figure 4 Alternative apparatus for determining bulk density of powders 16 Figure 5 Apparatus for determining bulk density of powder and granular insulating materials after attrition 17 Figure 6 Measuring device 19 Figure 7 Top view
19、s of vibration boxes: showing positions for height measurements 20 Figure 8 Specimen mounting for interlaminar strength test 28 Figure 9 Vibration tester 31 Figure 10 Apparatus for determining carbon dioxide produced by ignition 41 Figure 11 Apparatus for determining carbon dioxide produced by boili
20、ng in acid 43 Figure 12 Apparatus for measuring air permeability of insulating materials 46 Figure 13 Illustration of measurement rules 49 Figure 14 Field scanning sequence 50 Table 1 Sample sizes and rates of additional sampling 2 Table 2 Size and number of specimens 3 Table 3 Methods of thickness
21、measurement 5 Table 4 Calculation of insulation thickness 11 Table 5 Thickness test under pressure 25 Table 6 Water vapour permeance conversion factors 37 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS2972:1989 iv BSI 02-2000 Foreword This revision of BS2972 was prepared under the direction of the Ref
22、rigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS2972:1975, which is withdrawn. All the test methods of the1975 edition have been reviewed. A few remain in their original form, with some minor amendments. The sections on odour, and emissivity of metal foil (sectio
23、ns 13 and 15 in the1975 edition) have been deleted. The new section8 gives a test for interlaminar strength. The new section22 gives a method of test for pH value of a water extract. Significant modifications have been made to the following sections: Section 2. Dimensions. Measurement of the deviati
24、on from squareness of a board has been added. Section 3. Bulk density. This now includes a method of test for blown materials. Section 6. Heat stability. This has been re-written to clarify and improve the test equipment and method. Section 9. Vibration settlement. Requirements for testing the settl
25、ement of blown materials have been added to the high frequency/small amplitude test. The test for jolting at low frequency/high amplitude has been deleted because it was rarely, if ever, used. The test for stability under heat and vibration has been deleted pending the development of a more suitable
26、 method. Section 12. Water absorption. A new test method has been added for resistance to capillary absorption. Section 14. Coarse shot content. A new dry method has been introduced in place of the former wet method, which used a special glass elutriator. Section 19. Fibre diameter. The method has b
27、een revised to facilitate the identification and measurement of fibre diameters. Section 21. Trace quantities of water-soluble chlorides. The potentiometric titration method, introduced by amendment in1982, has been deleted and replaced by a polarographic titration method. It is very important that
28、claims for technical quality of materials should be related to well established methods of test which are based on sound fundamental principles, and the purpose of this standard is to provide details of basic tests for the assessment of a range of properties which are likely to be of value to a pote
29、ntial user. Some of these tests may not be suitable for quick routine control checking; essentially, they should be regarded as the basis for reference purposes in the event of dispute or of doubt concerning the accuracy of such more rapid methods as may be used as a matter of convenience. It is str
30、ongly recommended that, where any dispute arises, the methods of this standard only be used. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does no
31、t of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to56, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will
32、 be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS2972:1989 BSI 02-2000 1 Section 1. General 1 Scope This British Standard specifies methods of test for inorganic thermal insulating materials, including preformed, plastic composition, flexible and loose-fill materials. The following m
33、ethods of test are given. NOTEThe titles of publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in BS874 and BS3533 apply together with the following. 2.1 wet covering capacity the wet covering c
34、apacity of a plastic composition material is defined as the area covered to a thickness of25mm by unit mass of dry composition when the material is mixed with the quantity of water recommended by the manufacturer and applied in accordance with the method given in section 10 (usually expressed as m 2
35、 /1000kg) 2.2 sample a portion of material or group of units, taken from a large mass or aggregation, which is used to give information as to the quality of the larger quantity. The sample may be “random” or “representative” generally, samples of preformed and flexible insulation will, of necessity,
36、 be random samples while those of insulating aggregates and powders will be representative ones 2.3 random sample a sample taken without bias, i.e. so that every item has an equal chance of inclusion 2.4 representative sample a sample in the selection of which planned action is taken to ensure that
37、a specified proportion of its contents is drawn from a different subportion, e.g.case or package, of the whole aggregation. The sampling from within each subportion may, however, be random 2.5 specimen a suitably sized portion of a sample which is used for a specific test 2.6 coarse shot non-fibrous
38、 material retained on a2504m nominal aperture test sieve complying with BS410 3 Sampling 3.1 General Although there are well established procedures for the selection of samples for quality control purposes where the units are of similar type, size and shape, such as insulating bricks, it is not prac
39、ticable to apply such methods to many consignments of insulating materials owing to the very wide variety of types and shapes which may be involved. It is therefore necessary to adapt the method of sampling to the type of product in question. Sampling becomes difficult when the consignment consists
40、of relatively small quantities of insulating materials of different types and physical properties, and it may be necessary to restrict the size of the samples in such cases to avoid the destructive testing of too large a proportion of each subportion of the consignment. As a general rule, it is desi
41、rable to select the samples from material at the manufacturers works, but this procedure may not always be appropriate owing to the possibility that the properties of the material can be modified prior to or during application at site. Section 2. Section 3. Section 4. Section 5. Section 6. Section 7
42、. Section 8. Section 9. Section 10. Section 11. Section 12. Section 13. Section 14. Section 15. Section 16. Section 17. Section 18. Section 19. Section 20. Section 21. Section 22. Dimensions Bulk density Thermal properties Assessment of fire hazard Heat stability Resistance to compression Interlamin
43、ar strength Vibration settlement Covering capacity Moisture content Water absorption Water vapour permeance Coarse shot content Oil content Organic matter Air permeability Flexural strength Fibre diameter Electrical conductivity of aqueous extract Determination of trace quantities of water-soluble c
44、hlorides pH value of water extractBS2972:1989 2 BSI 02-2000 Plastic composition materials are particularly vulnerable to such modification, if only through the method of application, so that tests at the source of supply may not be a reliable guide to the behaviour of the material during service on
45、the plant. 3.2 Selection of samples Samples shall be taken only from unbroken packages or from undamaged units and, as far as possible, they are to be representative of each material in the consignment. Where the consignment comprises more than one type of insulating material and/or more than one th
46、ickness or density, each type, each thickness and each density shall be treated as a separate consignment for the purposes of sampling, unless other arrangement is made between the purchaser and the vendor. Samples of materials consisting of relatively small and similar units, e.g. insulating bricks
47、, shall be obtained by random selection, preferably while the consignment is being unloaded, as it is not practicable to ensure correct sampling from a stock-pile of the units. Samples of granular, powdered and plastic composition materials shall be prepared by withdrawing material from each contain
48、er selected for sampling: the material shall be taken after emptying and thoroughly mixing the contents of the container. All the samples of one type (preferably not less than2kg total) shall be thoroughly mixed together and gathered into a conical heap which shall then be divided into quarters by v
49、ertical cuts. Any two diametrically opposite quarters shall be discarded and the two remaining quarters mixed together and quartered as before. The process of mixing, quartering, discarding and remixing shall be repeated until a sample of size requisite for the tests remains. When samples are to be drawn from material which has already been applied to a portion of plant, e.g.for bulk density determination on plastic composition or loose-fill insulating materials, care shall be taken to ensure that the portion of material selected is
