1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 3159-1:1999 ICS 79.120
2、.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Woodworking saws for hand use Part 1: Specification for hand sawsBS 3159-1:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Sta
3、ndards Committee and comes into effect on 15 January 1999 BSI 01-1999 First published 1959 Second edition 1990 Third edition 1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MTE/15 Draft for comment 97/719522 DC ISBN 0 580 29597 4 Amendments issued since pub
4、lication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee MTE/15, Hand tools, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Telecommunications Plc Co-opted Members Consumer Policy Co
5、mmittee of BSI Federation of British Hand Tool Manufacturers Handle Manufacturers Association Home Office Institute of Carpenters Institute of Trading Standards Administration London Borough of Barking and Dagenham Ministry of DefenceBS 3159-1:1999 BSI 01-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible
6、Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Classification 1 5 Material 3 6 Proportions and finish 4 7 Classes of saw 5 8 Marking 7 9 Tooth edge protection 7 10 Corrosion protection 7 11 Performance 7 Annex A (normative) Tests 8 A.1 Bend tests 8 A.2 Performanc
7、e test 8 Annex B (informative) Notes on safety and safe usage 8 Bibliography 9 Table 1 Number of points per 25 mm 5 Table 2 Tooth geometry 5 Table 3 Blade thickness 5 Figure 1 Nomenclature 2 Figure 2 Breasted saw 2 Figure 3 Geometry and nomenclature 3 Figure 4 Tooth forms and sharpening 4 Figure 5 B
8、lade proportions 6 Figure A.1 Test rig for bend tests 8 Figure A.2 Checking for straightness and twist 8ii BSI 01-1999 BS 3159-1:1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by the BSI Committee MTE/15, Hand tools, and supersedes BS 3159-1:1990, which is withdrawn. In this British Standard
9、the specific requirements are given for four classes of hand saw, two for the use of craftsmen, one for first grade general duty, and one for general duty in the DIY environment. Annex A is normative and annex B is informative. A British Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions
10、of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 9 and a bac
11、k cover. BSI 01-1999 1 BS 3159-1:1999 1 Scope This British Standard classifies types, and specifies certain dimensional aspects, of taper-ground and flat-ground hand saws for cutting timber. The hardness level and finish of the saw blades is specified and tests are included to verify the qualities o
12、f the complete saw. Four classes of hand saw are specified, and in each class, saws from 450 mm to 660 mm in length are available. This part of BS 3159 distinguishes between saws intended for ripping and those for cross cutting. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provis
13、ions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of BS 3159. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest editions of the publication referred to applies. BS EN ISO 6507-1, Me
14、tallic materials Vickers hardness test Test method. BS 2782-3 Methods 320A to 320F, Tensile strength, elongation and elastic modulus. BS 2782-3 Method 350, Determination of Izod impact strength. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 3159 the following terms and definitions appl
15、y. 3.1 nominal size overall length of the toothed edge of the blade, including any rounding of the toe (see Figure 1) 3.2 toe end of the blade farthest from the handle (see Figure 1) 3.3 heel end of the blade nearest the handle (see Figure 1) 3.4 skew back saw blade which has a concave edge opposite
16、 to the toothed edge (see Figure 1) 3.5 straight back saw blade which has a straight edge opposite to the toothed edge (see Figure 1) 3.6 breasted saw blade which has a convex toothed edge (see Figure 2) 3.7 taper ground saw blade uniform in thickness along the entire length of the toothed edge and
17、uniformly tapered in thickness from the toothed edge to the back 3.8 flat ground saw blade which is ground so as to be the same thickness from the toothed edge to the back edge 3.9 pitch distance between adjacent teeth measured from point to point (see Figure 3) 3.10 full cross sharpening of the tee
18、th sharpening of the rake and flank faces of each outwardly set tooth to a vanishing edge at an acute angle to the central axis of the saw (see Figure 4) NOTE Gullet, rake and flank face/angles are shown in Figure 3. 3.11 half cross sharpening of the teeth sharpening of the rake face of each outward
19、ly set tooth to a vanishing edge at an acute angle to the central axis of the saw 3.12 straight sharpening of the teeth sharpening of the cutting edge normal to (908) the side face of the saw (see Figure 4) 3.13 hardpoint tooth which has increased hardness at the tooth tip NOTE This is achieved by,
20、for example, induction or impulse hardening methods. 4 Classification 4.1 Classes of saw Hand saws shall be classified as follows: a) class 1, a first grade saw for the use of craftsmen; b) class 2, a good quality saw for the use of craftsmen; c) class 3, a first grade general duty saw; d) class 4,
21、a saw for general duty in the DIY environment. NOTE The specific requirements for each of the four classes of saw are given in clause 7.2 BSI 01-1999 BS 3159-1:1999 Figure 1 Nomenclature Figure 2 Breasted saw BSI 01-1999 3 BS 3159-1:1999 Figure 3 Geometry and nomenclature 5 Material 5.1 Blades The s
22、aw blades shall be manufactured from hardened and tempered carbon or alloy steel to a uniform hardness as follows: a) class 1 saws: 480 HV30 to 580 HV30; b) class 2 saws: 460 HV30 to 560 HV30; c) class 3 and 4 saws: 440 HV30 to 540 HV30. The variation in hardness over any one blade shall not exceed
23、50 HV30 except at the tooth tips of hardpoint saws. Where hardpoint teeth are specified for class 3 and class 4 saws, the depth of hardening shall not exceed 75 % of tooth depth (see Figure 3). The hardness of the tooth tip shall be a minimum of 540 HV5 when tested in accordance with BS EN ISO 6507-
24、1. NOTE The equivalent values on other recognized hardness scales may be used in accordance with BS 860. 5.2 Handles 5.2.1 Handles shall be of the closed type. 5.2.2 Wooden handles shall be made from a hardwood such as beech. The timber shall be sound, free from defects and properly seasoned within
25、the moisture control range of 5 % to 12 %. 5.2.3 Plastic handles shall be manufactured from a polymer material which meets the following specification: a) when tested to BS 2782-3:Method 350 at2208C, resistance to impact shall be 2 kJ/m 2 ; b) when tested to BS 2782-3:Method 320B, tensile yield stre
26、ngth shall be 25 MN/m 2 ; c) when tested to BS 2782-3:Method 320B, elastic modulus shall be 43 10 22 MNm 22 . The handle shall not exhibit brittle fracture in the temperature range2208Ct o4 08 C when tested in accordance with BS 2782-3:Method 350. 5.3 Teeth 5.3.1 The number of teeth/points per 25 mm
27、 shall be in accordance with Table 1 (see also Figure 3). The teeth shall be evenly formed and typical tooth forms are shown in Figure 4. 5.3.2 The teeth shall be alternately set on either side of the blade. Approximately two-thirds of each tooth measured from the point shall be set, and the method
28、of setting shall be such that the remainder of the blade shall not be deformed. The amount of set on each side of the blade shall be equal, and shall be related to the thickness of the toothed edge of the blade as follows: a) Saws for cross cutting and general use: not less than one-fifth, and not m
29、ore than two-fifths the thickness of the toothed edge on each side; b) Saws for ripping: not less than one-quarter and not more than one-half the thickness of the tooth edge on each side.4 BSI 01-1999 BS 3159-1:1999 Universal teeth half cross sharpened Universal teeth full cross sharpened Fleam teet
30、h Rip saw teeth Straight sharpened Compound teeth Figure 4 Tooth forms and sharpening 5.3.3 The teeth of the saws other than hardpoint teeth shall be capable of being reset without breaking, to the maximum amount of set as specified in 5.3.2. 5.3.4 Tooth geometry shall be in accordance with Table 2.
31、 6 Proportions and finish 6.1 General Handsaw blades and handles shall comply with the following general requirements and with the specific requirements under each appropriate class, i.e. class 1, 2, 3 or 4 (see clause 7). 6.2 Blades 6.2.1 Blade proportions Blade proportions shall be in accordance w
32、ith Figure 5. 6.2.2 Blade thickness Blade thickness shall be in accordance with Table 3. 6.2.3 Finish The surface of the blade shall have no hammer marks or other imperfections. 6.2.4 Corner The corner at the intersection of the toe and back shall not be sharp (see Figure 1). 6.2.5 Straightness Afte
33、r testing in accordance with A.1, the saw blade shall be visually straight and free from twist. 6.3 Handles 6.3.1 The handles shall be of the closed type. 6.3.2 The thickness of the handles shall be not less than 22 mm. 6.3.3 The length of the hand hole shall be not less than 82 mm. 6.4 Wooden handl
34、es 6.4.1 The handles shall be positively secured to the blade by means of rivets or screws as specified in the definition of the class of saw concerned. 6.4.2 The handles shall be centrally slit and the width of the slot shall not be greater than is necessary to receive the blade. 6.4.3 The handles
35、shall be smoothly finished and, where specified, shall be polished all over. NOTE For the purposes of this part of BS 3159 a handle is described as “polished” when it has been coated with a polish or lacquer. The coating may be applied by hand, dipping or spraying. 6.5 Plastics handles 6.5.1 Plastic
36、s handles may be riveted, screwed or moulded on and they shall be positively secured to the blade. 6.5.2 Where plastics handles are secured by means of rivets or screws, the handle shall be centrally slit and the width of the slot shall not be greater than is necessary to receive the blade. 6.5.3 Wh
37、ere plastics handles are insert moulded, the plastics material shall flow and weld through keying holes in the blade. 6.5.4 The handles shall be free from moulding defects, such as flash, which may cause injury to the user. BSI 01-1999 5 BS 3159-1:1999 Table 1 Number of points per 25 mm Nominal size
38、 of saw (length of blade) Points per 25 mm mm Saws for cross cutting and general use Saws for ripping Fleam teeth Compound tooth 450 8, 10 500 8, 10 8 8, 10, 12 550 7, 8, 10 8 8, 10 600 5, 6, 7, 8 7, 8 8, 10 650 5, 6, 7, 8 4, 4.5, 5 4.5, 5, 6 7, 8 Table 2 Tooth geometry Dimensions in degrees Saw typ
39、e Rake angle Flank angle Cross-cut angle Gullet angle Top rake angle min. max. min. max. min. max. Nominal General and cross-cut saws 10 20 40 50 10 30 60 Rip saws 0 10 50 60 60 Fleam tooth saws 20 25 a 20 25 a 10 30 Compound tooth saw 10 20 10 25 10 30 10 30 a Rake and flank shall be equal. Table 3
40、 Blade thickness Dimensions in mm Blade raw material thickness minimum Nominal size Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 450.00 0.86 0.86 0.71 0.71 500.00 0.86 0.86 0.71 0.71 550.00 0.86 0.86 0.71 0.71 600.00 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.89 650.00 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.89 7 Classes of saw 7.1 Class 1 7.1.1 A class 1 saw
41、is a first grade saw for the use of craftsmen, which shall be skew-backed, taper ground, sharpened, with a wooden handle. 7.1.2 The blade shall be evenly ground thin-to-back with a taper at the toe of at least 0.06 mm per 25 mm of width (see 3.7). The minimum thickness at the back of the toe shall b
42、e not less than 0.48 mm. 7.1.3 The blade shall be ground bright and polished. 7.1.4 The toothed edge shall be straight or breasted. 7.1.5 The teeth shall be sharpened as follows: a) saws for cross-cutting: fully-cross sharpened (see 3.10); b) saws for ripping: straight sharpened (see 3.12). 7.1.6 Th
43、e handle shall be of the closed type secured by four or five screws according to the size of the saw, and shall be polished all over. 7.1.7 When tested in accordance with A.1 the blade shall be capable of being bent in both directions round a test block with a diameter of 250 mm, after which it shal
44、l spring back to its original straightness. 7.2 Class 2 7.2.1 A class 2 saw is a good quality saw for the use of craftsmen, which shall be skew-backed, flat or taper ground, sharpened, with a wooden handle. 7.2.2 The blade shall be flat or taper ground and polished. Where taper ground the minimum th
45、ickness at the back of the toe shall be at least 0.13 mm less than the thickness at the toothed edge.6 BSI 01-1999 BS 3159-1:1999 Example A: Width at heel of 600 mm blade to be between 135 mm and 195 mm Example B: Width at toe of blade having width at heel 175 mm to be between 43.8 mm and 74.4 mm Fi
46、gure 5 Blade proportions BSI 01-1999 7 BS 3159-1:1999 1) Marking BS 3159-1:1999 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is
47、solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification, which may also be desirable. 7.2.3 The toothed edge shall be straight or breasted. 7.2.4 The teeth shall be sharpened as follows: a) saws for cross-cutting: half cross sharpened (see 3.11);
48、b) saws for ripping: straight sharpened (see 3.12). 7.2.5 The handle shall be of the closed type. 7.2.6 When tested in accordance with A.1 the blade shall be capable of being bent in both directions round a test block with a diameter of 250 mm, after which it shall spring back to its original straig
49、htness. 7.3 Class 3 7.3.1 A class 3 saw is a first grade general duty saw, which shall be straight-backed, sharpened, bright or coated with or without hardpoint teeth and with an injection-moulded plastic handle or a wooden handle. 7.3.2 The blade shall be flat ground or as rolled. 7.3.3 The toothed edge shall be straight. 7.3.4 The teeth shall be sharpened as follows: a) saws for cross-cutting, straight sharpened (see 3.12); b) saws for ripping, straight sharpened (see 3.12). 7.3.5 Th
