1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3594-1: 1963 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2 Specification for Pipe wrenches Part 1: Stillson type wrenchesBS3594-1:1963 This British Standard, having been approved by the MechanicalEngineering IndustryStandards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman ofthe Engineering Divisi
2、onal Council, was publishedunder theauthority ofthe GeneralCouncil on 2 April 1963 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/120/3 Draft for comment D62/830 ISBN 0 580 03903 X Co-operating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Industry S
3、tandards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the pre
4、ceding list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard: Admiralty* Gas Council* Air Ministry High Commission of India Associated Offices Technical Committee Institute of Marine Engineers Association of Consulting Engineers
5、 Institute of Petroleum (Incorporated) Institution of Civil Engineers Association of Mining Electrical and lnstitution of Gas Engineers* Mechanical Engineers Institution of Heating and Ventilating British Chemical Plant Manufacturers Engineers Association Institution of Mechanical Engineers British
6、Compressed Air Society Institution of Mechanical Engineers British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers (Automobile Division) Association Institution of Production Engineers* British Engineers Association* Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers British Gear Manufacturers Association Association of Great
7、 Britain British Internal Combustion Engine Machine Tool Trades Association Manufacturers Association Ministry of Labour (H.M. Factory Inspectorate) British Iron and Steel Federation Ministry of Power British Railways Board* Ministry of Public Building and Works Crown Agents for Oversea Governments
8、and Ministry of Transport Administrations National Coal Board* D.S.I.R. National Engineering Laboratory National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.) Electricity Council, the Generating Board and Radio Industry Council the Area Boards in England and Wales War Office* Engineering Equipment Users Associatio
9、n Association of U.K. Plier Manufacturers Ministry of Aviation Edge Tool Manufacturers Association National Association of Tool Dealers Engineers and Allied Hand Tool Makers National Union of Furniture Trade Operatives Association Post Office Federation of British Hand Tool Saw Trades Association Ma
10、nufacturers Society of British Aircraft Constructors Institution of Engineering Inspection Society of Motor Manufacturers and J.E.S.C. Sub-committee on Hand Tools Traders Ltd. Light Edge Tool and Allied Trades Association Co-opted manufacturers London Transport Board Amendments issued since publicat
11、ion Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 6273 November 1967 7773 August 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS3594-1:1963 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Nomenclature and definitions 1 3 Materials 1 4 Heat treatment and hardness 1 5
12、Manufacture 3 6 Dimensions and capacities 4 7 Finish 4 8 Marking 4 9 Testing 4 Appendix Table for conversion of inches to approximate millimetre equivalents 7 Figure 1 Nomenclature of Stillson type wrenches 3 Figure 2 Dimensions of Stillson type wrenches and test data 5 Figure 3 Diagrammatic arrange
13、ment of test rig 6 Table 1 Dimensions and test loads 5BS3594-1:1963 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 309, Whiteheart malleable iron castings. BS 310, Blackheart malleable iron castings. BS 427, Method for Vickers hardness test. Part 1: Test
14、ing of metals. BS 970, Wrought steels. En series. BS 1133-6, Temporary prevention of corrosion during transportation and storage. BS 1387, Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads. BS 1408, Patented cold drawn steel spring wire. BS 1449, Steel plate, sheet and strip. This
15、 British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee. Its publication will be followed byPart 2, “Footprint type wrenches”, and then Part 3, “Chain type wrenches”. Pipe wrenches are often used on scaffolding at considerable heights and in
16、 many other dangerous situations where failure of the tool could result in serious accident. The committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has given realistic consideration to these hazards, and in addition to requirements to be met in manufacture has laid down stringent static load
17、 and combined static/shock load tests which the finished wrench shall be capable of passing. The tests are related to functional proof loads established by experiment and not to unrealistic “failure loads” as are sometimes quoted. NOTEA table from which metric equivalents can be calculated is given
18、in an Appendix. The figures in British units are to be regarded as the standard. More accurate conversions should be based on the tables in BS 350, “Conversion factors and tables”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards a
19、re responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard
20、 has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3594-1:1963 BSI 12-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard relates to the essential dimensions, quality, finish, testing and marking of pipe wrenche
21、s of the Stillson type as illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure 2 in nominal sizes as follows: 8 in; 10 in; 12 in; 14 in; 18 in; 24 in; 36 in and48inch. 2 Nomenclature and definitions For the purpose of this British Standard the nomenclature of Figure 1 has been adopted together with the following defi
22、nitions: a) Nominal size. The nominal size of a Stillson type wrench is the overall length of the tool when the jaws are open to maximum capacity (seeFigure 1). b) Maximum capacity. The maximum capacity of a Stillson type wrench is the distance between jaws measured when the end of the movable jaw i
23、s flush with the back face of the frame as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 (i.e. the maximum diameter of pipe that can be gripped with safety). 3 Materials The components of Stillson type wrenches shall be manufactured from the following materials: a) Handle. From steel conforming to BSEN10083-1 1) ,
24、 2C50 or 2C55 or from steel conforming to BS 970-1 2) , 060 A62. b) Movable jaw. From steel conforming to BSEN10083-1 1) , 2C50 or 2C55 or from steel conforming to BS 970-1 2) , 060 A62. c) Frame. From Whiteheart malleable iron, or from Blackheart malleable iron conforming to BS6681 3) , or from sph
25、eroidal graphite iron, conforming to BS 2789. 4) d) Spring (or springs). From any spring steel selected from BS 1449 5)or BS 5216. 6) e) Adjusting nut. From any carbon steel selected from BS 970-1. 2) f) Hinge pin. From any carbon steel selected from BS970-1. 2) Materials superior in mechanical prop
26、erties to those specified above may be used, provided that the provisions of this specification are met in full. 4 Heat treatment and hardness The heat treatment and hardness of components of Stillson type wrenches shall be as follows: a) Handle and movable jaw. After forging, the grain structure of
27、 the steel shall be suitably refined. The jaws shall be locally hardened and tempered in order to provide hardness values within the range600 to 700HV 30 7)when measured at any point within the triangular profile of any tooth. At no point on the shank of the handle, nor on the shank of the movable j
28、aw shall hardness values be in excess of 400HV 30. 7) The transitional hardness zone (see Figure 1) between 600 to 700HV 30 and 400HV 30 7) , shall not extend beyond a point defined as twice the height of the teeth measured back from the tooth root. 1) BS EN 10083 “Quenched and tempered steels, Part
29、 1, Technical delivery conditions for special steels”. 2) BS 970 “Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes, Part 1, General inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for carbon, carbon manganese, alloy and stainless steels”. 3) BS 6681 “Specif
30、ication for malleable cast iron”. 4) BS 2789 “Specification for spheroidal graphite or nodular graphite cast iron”. 5) BS 1449 “Steel plate, sheet and strip”. 6) BS 5216 “Specification for patented cold drawn steel wire for mechanical springs”. 7) BS 427 “Method for Vickers hardness test, Part 1, Te
31、sting of metals”.BS 3594-1:1963 2 BSI 12-1999 Figure 1 Nomenclature of Stillson type wrenches (continued)BS3594-1:1963 BSI 12-1999 3 5 Manufacture Stillson type wrenches shall comply with the following requirements: a) Handle. i) The handle shall be a one piece forging with integral teeth. ii) The t
32、eeth shall be of adequate number, shape and size to enable the assembled tool to meet the test requirements of Clause 9 without slipping, and to grip positively, during normal operation, any appropriate diameter of pipe within the safe capacity as given in Table 1. iii) The toothed portion of the ha
33、ndle shall be so positioned that the common plane of the crests of the teeth shall be inclined at an angle of approximately 10 relative to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the handle (see Figure 1). The crests of the teeth shall be parallel and shall be square relative to the latera
34、l axis of the handle. b) Movable jaw. i) The movable jaw shall be a one piece forging with integral teeth. ii) The teeth shall be of adequate number, shape and size to enable the assembled tool to meet the test requirements of Clause 9 without slipping, and to grip positively, during operation, any
35、appropriate diameter of pipe within the safe capacity as given in Table 1. iii) The shank of the movable jaw shall be threaded in order to engage the internal threads of the adjusting nut see sub-clause 5 c). iv) The toothed portion of the movable jaw shall be so positioned that the common plane of
36、the crests of the teeth shall be square relative to the longitudinal axis of the threaded shank. The crests of the teeth shall be parallel and shall be square relative to the lateral axis of the threaded shank. c) Adjusting nut. The adjusting nut shall be cylindrical; knurled or longitudinally serra
37、ted and threaded internally with Acme style threads to engage the threads of the movable jaw. The threads shall be of sufficiently robust form and pitch that with the jaws set at any point of adjustment within the appropriate maximum capacity (Table 1) the wrench shall be capable of passing the stat
38、ic load and static/shock load tests as laid down in Clause 9. d) Frame. The frame shall be a one piece casting. e) Hinge pin. When in position the hinge pin shall have heads formed at each end by riveting or spinning or alternatively shall be provided with equally effective securing means. Figure 1
39、Nomenclature of Stillson type wrenches (concluded)BS3594-1:1963 4 BSI 12-1999 f) Spring (or springs). One or more springs shall be provided, adequately to balance the movable jaw so that its action is smooth and unimpeded in both directions over the full length of traverse. The spring or springs sha
40、ll be retained in position by positive means. g) All components. All components shall be free from cracks, flaws and other deleterious defects. 6 Dimensions and capacities a) Dimensions. The dimensions of Stillson type wrenches shall be as given in Table 1. b) Capacities. The maximum capacities of S
41、tillson type wrenches shall be as given in Table 1. 7 Finish All components of Stillson type wrenches shall be finished smooth, free from flashes, burrs and other imperfections. The grip portion of the handle and the outer surfaces of the frame may be painted, stove-enamelled or self-finished and ea
42、ch finished tool shall be given suitable anti-corrosion treatment in accordance with BS 1133-6, “Temporary prevention of corrosion during transportation and storage”. Any other finish shall be the subject of agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. 8 Marking Each Stillson type wrench shall be p
43、lainly and indelibly marked in a prominent position with the manufacturers name and/or trade mark and the nominal size of the wrench. Wrenches complying wholly with the provisions of this specification should be marked with the British Standard number, i.e. BS 3594. With the exception of the certifi
44、cation mark (seeNote below) the application of any other mark shall be the subject of agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. NOTEThe mark BS 3594 on the product is an assurance by the manufacturer that the goods have been manufactured in full conformity with the requirements of this British S
45、tandard. The British Standards Institution is the owner of the registered certification trade mark shown below. This mark can be used only by manufacturers licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the BSI. The presence of this mark on a product is an independent assurance that the go
46、ods have been produced to comply with the requirements of the British Standard under a system of supervision, control and testing operated during manufacture and including periodical inspections at the manufacturers works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the BSI. Further particula
47、rs of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Director, British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London, W.1. 9 Testing Each Stillson type wrench shall be capable of passing the following tests: For the tests a cylindrical steel test bar shall be rigidly mounted in a test rig such as that
48、 illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3. Alternative designs of rig including automatic devices are equally permissible, provided that identical test conditions are imposed. The test bar shall be of diameter equal to the appropriate maximum capacity of the wrench under test as given in Table 1, co
49、lumn 2. It shall be hardened and tempered to give hardness readings within the range300 to 380HV 30 when measured at any point on its circumferential surface. The wrench shall be mounted in the rig with the teeth in normal working engagement with the test bar (see Figure 2 and Figure 3) and a load shall be applied at point P sufficient to result in a proof torque appropriate to the nominal size as giveninTable 1, column 6. The load shall then be reduced by 25 per cent and with this load in operation, the shock load appropriate to the nominal size,
