1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4140-20: 1980 ISO 2927:1973 Methods of test for Aluminium oxide Part 20: Sampling ISO title: Aluminium oxide primarily used for the production of aluminium Sampling NOTEIt is recommended that this Part be read in conjunction with the general information given in BS4140-0 “General
2、 introduction” which is issued separately and is free on request. UDC 661.862.22:620.113:543.05BS4140-20:1980 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Chemicals Standards Committee, was published under the authority ofthe Executive Board and comesinto effect on 30April19
3、80 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CIC/24 Draft for comment 73/52472 DC ISBN 0 580 11273 X National foreword This Part of BS4140 is identical with ISO 2927 “Aluminium oxide primarily used for the production of aluminium Sampling” publ
4、ished by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication, without deviation, as a British Standard. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used i
5、n British Standards; attention is especially drawn to the following. Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “British Standard”. Additional information Complementary sampling standard. Attention is drawn to BS4140:1967, clause2, “Prepara
6、tion and storage of laboratory samples” which describes the preparation of crude samples (for moisture determination and certain physical tests) and ground and dried samples (for the other tests) from the laboratory sample. This standard prescribes methods of test only, and should not be used or quo
7、ted as a specification defining limits of purity. Reference to the standard should indicate that the methods of test used comply with the requirements of BS4140. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for
8、their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 3 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) an
9、d may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS4140-20:1980 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 Pri
10、nciple 1 3 Sampling from belt, pipe, or slat conveyor 1 4 Sampling during the unloading by gravity of containers, tanks, or silos 1 5 Sampling from a heap, the hold of a ship, or open silos 2 6 Preparation and storage of the laboratory sample 2 7 Sampling report 3ii blankBS4140-20:1980 BSI 10-1999 1
11、 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies the practical requirements for the taking of a representative sample intended for chemical analysis and measurement of the physical characteristics of aluminium oxide primarily used for the production of aluminium. It applies to
12、 aluminium oxide during transport, loading, unloading, continuous flow and storage, as well as to aluminium oxide after storage, for example: when transported by a conveyor (belt, pipe, slat, etc.); when stored in, or unloading from, a container, silo or tank, etc; when in a heap, in a ships hold, o
13、r in open silos, etc. NOTEThis International Standard has been established in the interim period until general methods for the sampling of chemical products, at present under study, have been developed. It will be revised when general methods are available. 2 Principle Sampling without reduction of
14、particle size, by removal of increments of constant mass, manually or mechanically, according to circumstances. Storage of the increments and transport at ambient temperature in closed containers. The sample shall remain in the same physical and chemical state in which it is found at the time of sam
15、pling until the time of its laboratory examination. 3 Sampling from belt, pipe, or slat conveyor 3.1 Apparatus 3.1.1 Any suitable manual or mechanical equipment, for example Archimedean screws or inclined chutes. 3.1.2 Sample vessels, preferably of plastics materials. 3.2 Procedure 3.2.1 Bulk sample
16、 Number of increments One increment taken over the entire width of the chute, at intervals of time representing1/20th of the continuous operating time of the conveyor (minimum quantity:2kg). 3.2.2 Laboratory sample For aluminium oxide with particle sizes ranging between a few micrometres and3004m, a
17、 laboratory sample of500g is sufficient. For reduction of the bulk sample to the laboratory sample, use classic methods for the sub-division of powdered materials, following the recommendations for handling described, in the fifth and subsequent paragraphs of3.2.3. 3.2.3 Method of sampling First che
18、ck that the sampling device is empty. Then operate the device at least three times, rejecting the sample obtained before beginning the actual sampling. Always take the sample from the flow, never from the belt or the slats. Take the sample in a single operation from the full width of the flow. Sampl
19、e only during continuous flow at maximum capacity, and never during an interruption to the feed or the unloading. If the sample is taken mechanically, ensure that the collecting vessel is completely empty of any other product at the time of sampling. Guard against any dust filling the collecting ves
20、sels during the period between two sampling operations. Avoid any free fall of the samples during their passage from the collector to the quartering or receiving stages. Transfer the samples by means of the Archimedean screws or inclined chutes (3.1.1). Avoid the use of hoppers or loading funnels an
21、d any accumulation after sampling which might cause segregation of different particle sizes. In order to minimize the effect of atmospheric conditions, carry out the sampling, quartering and final sample collection as quickly as possible in a water-protected room. 4 Sampling during the unloading by
22、gravity of containers, tanks, or silos 4.1 Apparatus 4.1.1 Any suitable manual or mechanical equipment, for example Archimedean screws or inclined chutes. 4.1.2 Sample vessels, preferably of plastics materials. 4.2 Procedure 4.2.1 Bulk sample Number of increments 4.2.1.1 CONTAINERS OF CAPACITY LESS
23、THAN 20 m 3 Four representative increments of not less than1kg. 4.2.1.2 CONTAINERS OF CAPACITY FROM 20 TO 100m 3 One increment of not less then1kg per10m 3 .BS4140-20:1980 2 BSI 10-1999 4.2.2 Laboratory sample 500 g (see3.2.2). 4.2.3 Method of sampling Take the sample at full flow at the normal unlo
24、ading aperture and not at a point specially narrowed for sampling purposes. Take equal quantities of material at regular intervals throughout the continuous emptying of the container, tank, or silo. Follow a programme of quartering or mixing of the samples depending upon whether various samples are
25、to be analyzed according to their position in the container or whether a single sample representative of the load is to be analyzed. Sample with the manual or mechanical device(4.1.1) in the flow, taking care to avoid any free fall of the material or any rapid movement of the sample by pressure. Tak
26、e every precaution to avoid any loss of the sample by fine particles blowing away. If the sample is taken mechanically, ensure that the collecting vessel is completely empty of any other product at the time of sampling. Guard against any dust filling the collecting vessels during the period between
27、two sampling operations. Avoid any free fall of the sample during its passage from the collector to the quartering or receiving stages. Transfer the samples by means of the Archimedean screws or inclined chutes (4.1.1). Avoid the use of hoppers or loading funnels and any accumulation after sampling
28、which might cause segregation of different particle sizes. In order to minimize the effect of atmospheric conditions, carry out the sampling, quartering and final sample collection as quickly as possible in a water-protected room. 5 Sampling from a heap, the hold of a ship, or open silos 5.1 Apparat
29、us 5.1.1 Archimedean screw probe, of aluminium, stainless steel, or plastics materials (effective filling length50cm). 5.1.2 Archimedean screws, or inclined chutes 5.1.3 Sample vessels, preferably of plastics materials. 5.2 Procedure 5.2.1 Bulk sample Number of increments 5.2.1.1 FROM A HEAP OR THE
30、HOLD OF A SHIP CONTAINING MORE THAN 100m 3 Ten to fifteen increments of not less than1kg each per batch. 5.2.2 Laboratory sample 500g (see3.2.2). 5.2.3 Procedure Carry out the sampling vertically, over the entire top of the heap when possible, using the whole length of the sampling probe (5.1.1). In
31、 other cases, sample each level corresponding to the length of the probe by preparing these levels or stages on the heap or at the time of unloading of the holds or silos. Use the sampler in such a manner that the increment taken will be confined to the contents of the sampler after it has been comp
32、letely emptied following a trial filling. The sampling is only valid if the probe is filled uniformly without interruption. If the sample is taken mechanically, ensure that the collecting vessel is completely empty of any other product at the time of sampling. Guard against any dust filling the coll
33、ecting vessels during the period between sampling operations. Avoid any free fall of the samples during their passage from the collector to the quartering or receiving stages. Transfer the samples by means of the Archimedean screws or inclined chutes (5.1.2). Avoid the use of hoppers or loading funn
34、els and any accumulation after sampling which might cause segregation of different particle sizes. In order to minimize the effect of atmospheric conditions, carry out the sampling, quartering and final sample collection as quickly as possible in a water-protected room. 6 Preparation and storage of
35、the laboratory sample For chemical analysis, store and convey the laboratory samples at ambient temperature in closed containers, without any special precautionary measures other than those normally taken for samples for chemical analysis. Where measurement of the physical characteristics is concern
36、ed, take specific precautions to avoid any changes in particle size, absorption index, apparent density, etc. In order to keep displacement of the granules and agglomerates with respect to each other to a minimum, the sample shall be placed without settling in a flask filled to the brim and stoppere
37、d, so that only the amount of air normally included between the solid particles remains. The flask shall be airtight in order to prevent moisture exchange with the outside atmosphere.BS4140-20:1980 BSI 10-1999 3 If the sample is to be transported over long distances, it is advisable to surround the
38、flask with suitable padding (foam rubber, etc.), to avoid repeated impacts against the rigid external packing. The use of non-rigid sacks or bags, even if they are tightly sealed, should never be permitted. The usual plastics flasks are particularly recommended. 7 Sampling report The sampling report
39、 shall include the following particulars: a) the reference of the method used; b) the proportion of the lot constituting the bulk sample, and the number of increments taken in making it up; c) the number of laboratory samples prepared, with an indication of their distinguishing characteristics (pack
40、ing, mass, destination, etc); d) any unusual features noted during the sampling; e) any operations not included in this International Standard, or regarded as optional.BS 4140-20: 1980 ISO 2927:1973 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent nation
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