1、BRITISH STANDARD BS5131-1.1: 1991 Methods of Test for footwear andfootwear materials Part1: Adhesives Section1.1 Resistance of adhesive joints to heat(creep test) NOTEIt is recommended that this Section should be read in conjunction with BS5131-0, published separately.BS5131-1.1:1991 This British St
2、andard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 28 February1991 BSI 12-1999 First published as Subsection1.1.1 March1976 Second edition as Section1.1 February1991 The fo
3、llowing BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/39 Draft for comment 89/36216 DC ISBN 0 580 18670 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee(TCM/
4、-) to Technical Committee TCM/39, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Footwear Manufacturers Federation British Leather Confederation British Rubber Manufacturers Association British Steel plc Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Cork Industry Federation Footwear Compon
5、ents Federation Footwear Distributors Federation Institute of Trading Standards Administration Iron and Steel Trades Confederation Lancashire Footwear Manufacturers Association Mail Order Traders Association of Great Britain Ministry of Defence National Union of Footwear, Leather and Allied Trades O
6、ffice of Fair Trading SATRA Footwear Technology Centre The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation British Plastics Federation Multiple Shoe Retail
7、ers Association RAPRA Technology Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS5131-1.1:1991 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Choice of adherends 1 5 Preparation and bonding of test assemblies
8、 2 6 Conditioning 2 7 Cutting of test specimens 2 8 Procedure 2 9 Additional tests 3 10 Expression of results 3 11 Test report 3 Figure 1 Test specimen cut from test assembly prepared as described in BS5131-1.3 or prepared by indirect bonding as described in BS5131-1.7 4 Publications referred to Ins
9、ide back coverBS5131-1.1:1991 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This Section of BS5131 has been prepared by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS5131-1.1.1:1976, which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. User
10、s of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back
11、 cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5131-1.1:1991 BSI 12-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS5131 describes a laboratory test method for measuring the heat resista
12、nce of a bonded joint. The main purpose of the method is to compare adhesives and as a consequence recommendationsare given as to appropriate adherends. The most common application is the comparison of sole-attaching adhesives, but other types of adhesives may also be compared using this method. In
13、addition, the method may be used for testing any other combination of materials in a bonded assembly, provided that at least one of the adherends is flexible. Joints prepared by the direct bonding of hot melt adhesives are outside the scope of this method, since these joints would require a much hig
14、her temperature than that given in the method to soften the adhesive. NOTE 1Adequate heat resistance is especially important for sole-attaching adhesives, otherwise the sole bond may fail when footwear is displayed in shop windows, or when exported to warmer climates, or if exposed to high temperatu
15、res during wear. The temperatures involved in the test are believed to represent the maximum temperatures likely to be encountered by footwear in normal use. The method can thus be applied to any adhesive to check suitability for use but would not normally be applied to high melting point adhesives
16、such as hot melt lasting adhesives which are used in direct bonding at higher temperatures. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Principle Test specimens, consisting of bonded joints, are prepared under controlled conditions in the
17、laboratory and are subjected to a constant peeling force at a controlled elevated temperature over a timed interval. The amount of separation of the bond(i.e.“creep”) is measured and the type of separation noted. 3 Apparatus 1) 3.1 Conditioning cabinet or room, maintaining an atmosphere at a preferr
18、ed condition of20 2 C and652%r.h., or an allowed condition of23 2 C and505%r.h. NOTEThe conditioning atmosphere for footwear and footwear materials is normally20 C and65%r.h., whereas the conditioning atmosphere for adhesives is normally23 C and50% r.h. 3.2 Creep test cabinet, consisting of a compar
19、tment(or group of interconnecting compartments) with a heater and air-circulating fan capable of maintaining an internal air temperature of60 1 C,50 1 C and70 1 C, as measured by a mercury-in-glass thermometer, and an air speed of0.4m/s to1.0m/s at the test specimen positions. The cabinet contains f
20、acilities for hanging test specimens from clamps mounted on a cross-bar which can be removed for insertion of the test specimens and then replaced. Hooks attached to a lower set of clamps pass through the bottom of the cabinet so that weights may be hung from these hooks outside the cabinet, thus av
21、oiding the temperature drop which could occur if the cabinet had to be opened. 3.3 Three sets of five weights, such that their masses(when the mass of the hook and lower clamp is included) are0.5kg,1.0kg,1.5kg,2.0kg and2.5kg. The tolerance for each weight is1%. 3.4 Cutting device, suitable for cutti
22、ng test assemblies into test specimens, which neither compresses nor tends to split the layers of the test assembly at the edges produced by cutting. NOTEAs an example, a rotary disc cutter or a sharp hand knife is a suitable tool. A press knife is not suitable because of the large compression force
23、 that it applies to the test assembly. 4 Choice of adherends 1) 4.1 Normal option Where the test is to be carried out in order to determine the performance of a particular adhesive without reference to its usage within a specialized context(see4.2), select the adherends for the test assemblies accor
24、ding to the type of adhesive to be tested as follows. a) Polyurethane adhesives. Use polyvinyl chloride(PVC)-coated fabric as upper material bonded to resin rubber as soling material. b) Polychloroprene adhesives. Use upper leather as upper material bonded to resin rubber as soling material. c) Othe
25、r adhesives. Use adherend materials for which the adhesive is intended. 1) For information on the availability of suitable apparatus and materials including adherends to perform this test, apply to Enquiry Section, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes MK146LE, quoting the number of this standard and the
26、 clause number referring to the items concerned. Enclose a stamped addressed envelope for reply.BS5131-1.1:1991 2 BSI 12-1999 Ensure that the types of adherend used in a) and b) are as follows. 1) Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)-coated fabric. Use smooth, solid(i.e.non-cellular) PVC-coated woven cotton fabr
27、ic of overall thickness1.1 0.2mm. 2) Upper leather. Use either a pre-buffed, full chrome, split upper leather of thickness1.5 0.2mm, or a chrome grain side leather of thickness about2.0mm which will be reduced to a thickness of1.5 0.2mm when its grain layer is removed during the preparation of the t
28、est assembly. 3) Resin rubber soling material. Use a compounded resin rubber, of hardness95 2IRHD(determined as described in BS903-A26), and of thickness3.5 0.5mm. 4.2 Special option Use appropriate adherends within a specialized context(e.g.where particular factory procedures are to be simulated, o
29、r where the adhesive is specified by the manufacturer as being suitable for adherend materials different from those given in4.1). NOTEAdherend materials together with their preparation are given in 4.2 of BS5131-1.3:1991. 5 Preparation and bonding of test assemblies Prepare the materials and bond th
30、e test assemblies, incorporating a paper or tape insert, as described in BS5131-1.7 2)for indirectly bonded hot melt adhesive bonds and in BS5131-1.3 for all other types of bond. Produce test assemblies of sufficient size and number so as to enable15,30 or45 test specimens to be prepared(seeclauses6
31、 and9). NOTEAt present, direct bonded hot melt adhesives are not being used for footwear applications which need to be assessed by the creep test. 6 Conditioning After bonding the test assemblies and before cutting them into test specimens, store the test assemblies in the conditioning cabinet or ro
32、om(3.1). In those cases where it is known that the bond is formed rapidly within a short period of time after which there is no change, condition one set of test assemblies for a period of7 1days. In all other cases, condition one set of test assemblies for a period of24 1h, a second set of test ass
33、emblies for71days, and a third set of test assemblies for142days. NOTEBy determining the heat resistance after various conditioning periods, any change in the heat resistance due to changes in the adhesive(e.g.increased curing or crystallization) may be assessed. 7 Cutting of test specimens At the e
34、nd of the conditioning period given in clause6, cut one set of test assemblies into15test specimens using a suitable cutting device(3.4) as follows. From the test assemblies cut test specimens30.0 0.5mm by approximately100mm, discarding two marginal strips approximately5mm wide if the test assemblie
35、s are approximately70mm wide. A test specimen is shown in Figure 1. 8 Procedure Allow the internal air temperature of the creep test cabinet(3.2) to reach60 1 C. Fold back the unbonded leg of the more flexible adherends of each test specimen at the paper strip, and mark (e.g.with a ballpoint pen) ac
36、ross the stiffer adherends at the start of the bond between the two adherends. While fitting the test specimens into the cabinet, avoid opening the door more often than is necessary so as to maintain the cabinet temperature. Remove the cross-bar from the cabinet and insert into each of the upper cla
37、mps the stiffer separated leg of each test specimen, with the flexible adherends uppermost. Fold back the separated leg of the flexible adherends of each test specimen, taking care not to produce any additional separation, and attach it to the lower clamp. Put the cross-bar back into the cabinet wit
38、h the clamps and test joints at the front. Attach one of the hooks to each lower clamp and close the cabinet. If the hook and lower clamp together weigh more than50g, support this assembly prior to warming up so that the test specimen is not stressed during the warm-up time. Allow1h for the test spe
39、cimens to warm up to a temperature of60 1 C(seeclause9). 2) In preparation.BS5131-1.1:1991 BSI 12-1999 3 After the warm-up time of1h has elapsed, remove the assembly supports(if any) and hang the test weights on the hooks outside the cabinet so that three test specimens are loaded with0.5kg,1.0kg,1.
40、5kg,2.0kg and2.5kg masses respectively(a total of15 test specimens being used). Where there is already information available from previous tests carried out on adhesives of the same class, anticipate whether there are either low loads which will not produce any creep or high loads which will cause c
41、omplete separation. In such cases, in order to avoid needless testing, carry out the test using fewer than the five loads given above. Where one or more lower loads are omitted, ensure that the lowest load included in the procedure is insufficient to produce creep(thereby justifying the omission of
42、lower loads from the procedure). Where one or more higher loads are omitted, ensure that the highest load used in the test is sufficient to cause complete separation (thereby justifying the omission of higher loads from the procedure). In order to achieve the most effective averaging, ensure that te
43、st specimens from the same test assembly are not tested with the same mass. If maximum separation of a bond(65mm is the maximum attainable in the apparatus described) occurs within10min for any of the test specimens, record the time taken for separation to occur(inminutes). After10min open the cabin
44、et. With the weights still attached, mark the stiffer adherends of each with a ballpoint pen at the start of the remaining bond and then immediately remove the weights. Remove the test specimens from the cabinet. Measure, to the nearest millimetre, the distance between the two marks on the stiffer a
45、dherends of each test specimen. Record these distances as the bond separations. Note the type of bond separation, as illustrated in Figure4 of BS5131-1.2:1991. NOTEWhere separation occurs which is not cohesive (i.e.notwithin the adhesive film) this is not truly indicative of the heat resistance of a
46、n adhesive. However, the information obtained may give a guide to the maximum creep value. 9 Additional tests For special purposes(e.g.for comparative tests on several adhesives, where results at one temperature may not be sufficiently informative), repeat the procedure using one set(or two sets) of
47、15 test specimens and using a cabinet air temperature of either50 1 C or70 1 C(or both50 1 C and70 1 C). 10 Expression of results Where a test specimen has not reached maximum separation at the end of the test, take the bond separation as the length in millimetres of bond separation per10min. Where
48、a test specimen has reached maximum separation at the end of the test, multiply the bond separation length by10min and divide this by the time taken in minutes to achieve this bond separation. Take this value as the length in millimetres of bond separation per10min. For the three test specimens test
49、ed with each mass, calculate the average of the three lengths in millimetres of bond separation per10min. 11 Test report The test report shall include the following items: a) temperature and relative humidity of the conditioning atmosphere; b) temperature at which the creep test was carried out; c) results, expressed in accordance with clause10; d) type(s) of bond separation as illustrated in Figure4 of BS5131-1.2:1991 where bond separation is not caused by a cohesive failure of adhesive; e) description of the adherends and th
