1、BS 7272-2:2008Writing and marking instruments Part 2: Specification for end closures to reduce the risk of asphyxiationICS 01.100.40; 97.180; 97.190NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDIncorporating Corrigendum No.1Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANG
2、E CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 200 ISBN 978 0 580 68921 5 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committe
3、e reference TDW/4Draft for comment 07/30170004 DCPublication historyFirst published September 2000Second (present) edition, April 2008Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 7272-2:20089C1 Clarification of 4.7 (see foreword)September 2009 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANG
4、E CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 iBS 7272-2:2008ContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative reference 13 Terms and definitions 14 Requirements 15 Identification 4AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Recommended test sequence 4Annex B (normative) Test method 5Annex C (inf
5、ormative) Examples of test methods 5List of figuresFigure 1 Example of minimal protrusion 3Figure A.1 Recommended test sequence 4Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STAN
6、DARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7272-2:2008ii BSI 2009 This page deliberately left blankLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 iiiBS 7272-2:2008ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 7272 is published
7、by BSI on 30 April 2008. It was prepared by Panel TDW/4/-/2, Drawing media, under the authority of Technical Committee TDW/4, Technical product realization (TPR). A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThe Technical Committee rec
8、ognizes that suppliers of products within the scope of this part of BS 7272 might require time to comply. For this reason, the provisions of this part of BS 7272 become effective 18 months after the publication date.This part of BS 7272 supersedes BS 7272-2:2000, which will be withdrawn on 30 Septem
9、ber 2009.Information about this documentIf a child inhales an end closure it might become lodged below the larynx and so block the trachea. The risk of asphyxiation can be reduced if the end closure is securely attached, ventilated, flush with or protrudes only a minimal amount from the end of the w
10、riting instrument or is too large to enter the airway. Children should be actively discouraged from sucking, chewing or putting pens in their mouths. A way of avoiding the risk of inhalation of end closures of writing and marking instruments is to manufacture products without end closures whenever p
11、ossible. However, if end closures are essential, the provisions of this British Standard minimize risk by specifying the design and/or the security of attachment, which reduces the likelihood of inhalation and delays asphyxiation pending medical intervention. The Technical Committee recognizes that
12、whilst it is possible to identify the age range of the children who are most at risk, it is not possible to identify with certainty any writing instruments with end closures that would never be accessible to children and hence never pose a risk. It is, however, acknowledged that certain products (i.
13、e. writing and marking instruments which are designed or only intended for use by adults, e.g. jewellery pens, expensive fountain pens, professional technical pens) are not intended for use by children and such items should be clearly labelled to that effect. Presentational conventionsThe provisions
14、 of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.aaaaaad
15、ndQ .No. 1 is indicated in the text by tags P and The start and finish of text introduced or altered by Corrigendum Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7272-2:2008iv BSI 2009Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with
16、 The BSI guide to standardization Section 2: Rules for the structure, drafting and presentation of British Standards, subclause 11.3.1, which states, “Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: When tested as described in Annex A, the product shall .”. This means that only those product
17、s that are capable of passing the specified test will be deemed to conform to this standard.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standar
18、d cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 1BS 7272-2:20081 ScopeThis part of BS 7272 specifies requirements to reduce the risk of asphyxiation from end closures for writing and marking
19、instruments. It relates to such instruments which in normal or foreseeable circumstances are likely to be used by children up to the age of 14 years.This part of BS 7272 is not applicable to the following: writing and marking instruments which are designed or only intended for use by adults, e.g. je
20、wellery pens, expensive fountain pens, professional technical pens; end closures for refills; erasers and their protective covers.2 Normative referenceThe following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For un
21、dated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 7272-1:2008, Writing and marking instruments Part 1: Specifications for caps to reduce the risk of asphyxiation3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this part of BS 7272, the following terms and
22、 definitions apply.3.1 writing and marking instrumentsinstruments for writing or marking including pens with a self-contained reservoir of ink or other marking fluid 3.2 end closurescaps and plugs (including those fitted to detachable caps) which do not need to be removed to facilitate writing 3.3 g
23、rippable surfaceany part of the accessible surface of the end closure which has a tangential angle less than 30 from the longitudinal axis inclined towards the centre of the writing or marking instrument4 Requirements4.1 GeneralExcept for cap-like end closures and those secured by a thread, which sh
24、all conform to 4.7, other end closures shall conform to at least one of the following requirements.Size (4.2); Security (4.3); Inaccessibility (4.4);Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7272-2:20082 BSI 2009 Minimal protrusion (4.5) or
25、;Air flow (4.6).Where tensile testing is required it shall be in accordance with Annex B.NOTE Figure A.1 is provided for guidance except for cap-like end closures seeking conformity to 4.7.4.2 SizeAn end closure shall not pass through a 16 +0.050.00mm diameter ring gauge of at least 19 mm thickness
26、under its own weight.NOTE End closures which conform to this subclause are deemed to be too large to present an inhalation hazard.4.3 SecurityThe end closure shall not be removed when subjected to a force of 50+20N applied in line with the body of the writing or marking instrument.NOTE End closures
27、conforming to this subclause are deemed to be securely affixed and therefore not to present an inhalation hazard.4.4 InaccessibilityThe end closure when in the form of a plug shall be completely recessed, and be reasonably secure by withstanding a minimum force of 10 N, when tested in accordance wit
28、h Annex B, applied in line with the body of the writing or marking instrument.NOTE End closures conforming to this subclause are deemed not to be removable and therefore not to present an inhalation hazard.4.5 Minimal protrusionThe grippable surface of an end closure, when in the form of a plug (see
29、 Figure 1), shall not extend more than 1 mm beyond the end of the writing or marking instrument and overall the end closure shall not extend more than 3 mm beyond the end of the writing or marking instrument. It shall be reasonably secure by withstanding a minimum force of 10 N, when tested in accor
30、dance with Annex B, applied in line with the body of the writing or marking instrument.NOTE 1 In Figure 1, the 30 minimum angle, 1 mm and 3 mm maximum dimensions indicate the limits of the protrusion. Within these boundaries there is no restriction on shape other than defined in the text, e.g. hemis
31、pherical, concave, pointed are acceptable.NOTE 2 End closures conforming to this subclause are deemed not to be grippable and therefore not to present an inhalation hazard.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 3BS 7272-2:20084.6
32、Air flowAn end closure shall meet the requirements of BS 7272-1:2008, 3.3 and be reasonably secure by withstanding a minimum force of 10 N, when tested in accordance with Annex B, applied in line with the body of the writing or marking instrument.NOTE End closures conforming to this subclause are de
33、emed to not present an asphyxiation hazard.4.7 Additional safeguardNOTE 1 End closures described in this subclause, when gripped by the teeth, can be subjected to side loads or a twisting motion very different from a 50 N force applied in line with the body of the writing or marking instrument. They
34、 are designs which are best avoided. NOTE 2 End closures conforming to this subclause are deemed to not present an asphyxiation hazard.4.8 Test reportThe report shall indicate whether the end closure conforms with 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 or 4.7.NOTE 1 If conformity is claimed to 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 or 4.7
35、 the report should indicate the method of attaching the load to the end closure.NOTE 2 If conformity is claimed to 4.6 or 4.7 the test report should indicate at least the following information:a) the size of the tubing used (BS 7272-1:2008, A.2.6) and its % relationship to the circumscribing circle
36、of the end closures tested.b) the number of end closures tested, the air flow of each end closure in both directions and the minimum air flow recorded.Figure 1 Example of minimal protrusionDimensions in millimetresKey1 End closure2 Writing or marking instrument2130 1 mm3 mmFor end closures that do n
37、ot conform to 4.2 (size), if the end closure is either:a) in the form of a cap and fits over the barrel (instead of inside it like a plug) and its length exceeds its diameter; orb) secured by a screw thread but does not conform to requirement 4.4 (inaccessibility), then it shall conform to 4.3 (secu
38、rity) and 4.6 (airflow).PQLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS 7272-2:20084 BSI 20095 IdentificationWriting or marking instruments, or their packaging or accompanying documentation, shall be legibly and indelibly identified with the na
39、me, trademark or other means of identifying the manufacturer/supplier.Annex A (informative) Recommended test sequenceFigure A.1 Recommended test sequenceNOTE Figure A.1 is provided for guidance except for cap-like end closures seeking conformity to 4.7.Pass4.2YYNNNPassFail 4.3FailSubclause numberIs
40、the end closure too largeto pass through the ring gauge?What force does theend closure withstand?Is the end closure completelyrecessed?Does the end closure conformto the minimal protrusion requirements?Does the end closure meet theair flow requirements?50NPass4.4YPass4.5NYPass4.610NForce 10N 50NLice
41、nsed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 5BS 7272-2:2008Annex B (normative) Test methodB.1 ApparatusTest apparatus consists of a dead weight arrangement fitted with suitable clamps, straps or other attachments.Components being tested ar
42、e not to be distorted or damaged in a way that will materially affect the test results.B.2 ProcedureB.2.1 Fasten the writing or marking instrument in the test apparatus.B.2.2 Apply the force to the component to be tested gradually over 5 s and maintain for 10 s.B.2.3 Examine whether the end closure
43、has been removed from the writing or marking instrument.NOTE Examples of test methods that might be suitable are given in Annex C.Annex C (informative) Examples of test methodsC.1 It is recognized that the variety of present and future designs of end closures for writing or marking instruments is al
44、most infinite.C.2 The test method employed should be selected according to the design of the end closure being tested.C.3 The examples given are means of applying a repeatable mechanical force without distorting or damaging the components under test in a way that will materially affect the test resu
45、lts. The methods given are not exhaustive and are not intended to replicate actual events in the field that might cause the end closure to become detached.C.4 Typical methods used by laboratories include: use of a hot wire inserted through the end closure to provide a means to apply the load; rods i
46、nserted into the product to push out an end closure. In some cases the product will have to be cut to gain access; suitable clamps or fixtures; use of glue or solder to attach wires to the end closure to apply the load; drilling, tapping and fitting a threaded hook to the end closure to apply the lo
47、ad.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 23/12/2009 02:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It i
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