1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7585-3: 1992 ISO 4386-3: 1992 Metallic multilayer plain bearings Part 3: Method for non-destructive die penetrant testingBS7585-3:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee, was published under th
2、e authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1992 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MCE/12 Draft for comment 88/78717 DC ISBN 0 580 20992 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this
3、British Standard was entrusted by the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee (MCE/-) to Technical Committee MCE/12, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Bronze and Brass Founders British Plastics Federation British Powder Metal Federation Copper Development A
4、ssociation Institution of Diesel and Gas Turbine Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7585-3:1992 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National forewo
5、rd ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference 1 3 Safety precautions 1 4 Preparation of test surface 1 5 Application of penetrant 1 6 Removal of excess penetrant 2 7 Application of the developer 2 8 Inspection 2 9 Subsequent cleaning 2 10 Test report 2 Annex A (normative) Designation classes and acceptance
6、criteria 3 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 8 Figure A.1 Marks 3 Figure A.2 Shape and location of marks Class A 4 Figure A.3 Shape and location of marks Class B 5 Figure A.4 Shape and location of marks Class C 6 Figure A.5 Shape and location of marks Class D 7 Figure A.6 Shape and location of mark
7、s Class E 8 List of references Inside back coverBS7585-3:1992 ii BSI 09-1999 National foreword This Part of BS 7585 has been prepared under the direction of the Machinery and Components Standard Policy Committee. It is identical with ISO4386-3:1992 Plain bearings Metallic multilayer plain bearings P
8、art 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). NOTEFor the purposes of this standard, any reference in the text to penetrant should be taken to mean die penetrant. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provi
9、sions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference International Standard Corresponding British Standard ISO 4386-1:1992 BS 7585 Metallic multilay
10、er plain bearings Part 1:1992 Method for non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and m
11、ay have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS7585-3:1992 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope This part of ISO 4386 specifies a non-destructive penetrant testing for determining bond defects and discontinuities in the sliding surface of the bearing.
12、 The penetration method is used to detect a) bond defects in the transitional area between the bearing backing/bearing material on the end faces and joint faces of multilayer plain bearings which cannot be detected by the ultrasonic testing method specified in ISO4386-1; b) discontinuities in the sl
13、iding surface of the bearing. The penetration method is applicable, in principle, to finished multilayer plain bearings. The bond test can be carried out only on cast multilayer plain bearings, with a backing consisting of steel, cast steel or cast bronze. Bearing backings which cannot be tin-plated
14、, or only with difficulty, such as perlitic cast iron, rust-resistant steel and cast aluminium, cannot be tested since no bond is possible between the bearing material and bearing backing. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constit
15、ute provisions of this part of ISO4386. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO4386 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indica
16、ted below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4386-1:1992, Plain bearings Metallic multilayer plain bearings Pert 1: Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bond. 3 Safety precautions As penetrant inspection techniques often require the use of dan
17、gerous, flammable and/or volatile materials, the relevant accident prevention, handling of dangerous substances and environmental protection regulations shall be observed. 4 Preparation of test surface 4.1 General The surfaces to be tested shall be free from residual matter to allow the penetrant to
18、 ingress in any discontinuity. Adherent metal splinters and chips caused by machining shall be removed mechanically, and adherent oil and grease removed chemically. Finally, the surface shall be thoroughly dried, at a maximum temperature of55 C. The test surface shall have a surface roughness of R a
19、 u 54m. 4.2 Mechanical pre-cleaning Rust etc. shall be removed by brushing, by grinding using an abrasive blasting process, or by similar methods. Care shall be taken to ensure that the defects are not sealed by the pre-cleaning process, if necessary, etching is recommended after the use of any mech
20、anical method. The surface shall then be thoroughly rinsed and dried. 4.3 Chemical pre-cleaning Residual matter shall be removed by means of suitable cleaning materials, e.g. by degreasing solvents, etchants or paint strippers. After use, all traces of cleaning materials shall be removed completely
21、from the test surface and from the discontinuities, e.g. by rinsing the test surface. 4.4 Drying At the end of the pre-cleaning process, the surfaces to be examined shall be dried so that no water or cleaning material remains in the discontinuities. 5 Application of penetrant 5.1 A penetrant which i
22、s removable by water or solvent shall be used for the test. The test temperature, i.e. the temperature of the test surface, shall be between10 C and50 C. NOTE 1A very viscous penetrant increases the safety of the interim cleaning. 5.2 The penetrant shall be applied by immersing the bearing, or by me
23、ans of a brush, or by spraying. The penetration time shall be10min to 60min. With very viscous penetrants it shall be at least20min. The surfaces to be examined shall be wetted continuously during this time.BS7585-3:1992 2 BSI 09-1999 6 Removal of excess penetrant The penetrant shall be removed from
24、 the surface by rinsing or spraying with water (without detergents) using a handspray with hydrostatic pressure of less than2bar, or by wiping with a cloth lightly moistened with a solvent appropriate to the penetrant system. Excess washing is to be avoided by prechecking the procedure on a standard
25、 test sample. The water or solvent used to remove the penetrant shall have a maximum temperature of50 C. 7 Application of the developer The developer shall be applied to the test surface immediately after the surface has been dried completely. The developer is a powder in suspension in a liquid and
26、shall therefore be carefully agitated or shaken before it is applied to the test surface. It may be applied by means of a spray gun or a spray can. It shall be applied in such a manner as to ensure a thin and uniform film. The coating thickness of the developer shall be less than254m. In the case of
27、 fluorescent penetrants, the powder may be applied in a dust-storm cabinet. Since the penetrant diffuses rapidly in the developer, the test surface shall be observed immediately after the application of the developer for better interpretation of the indications as they develop. Comparison between th
28、e results and the acceptance criteria shall be carried out within10min to 60min. A slight uniform discoloration is permissible. 8 Inspection 8.1 Bond defects Marks in the transitional area between the bearing backing/bearing material on the end faces or joint faces of multilayer plain bearings shall
29、 be evaluated in accordance with ISO4386-1. 8.2 Sliding surface Surface discontinuities such as deep tool marks or the breaking out of large crystals may leave marks which cannot be assessed. These surfaces shall be retested after they have been carefully machined again. Isolated marks with dimensio
30、ns not exceeding1,5mm shall be disregarded. The results of the surface inspection shall be evaluated and classified by comparison with Figure A.2 toFigure A.6. They specify five classes designated A to E, in decreasing order of quality (seeAnnex A). The reference surface used in the comparison may b
31、e square or rectangular. It shall have an area of 1 dm 2 . 9 Subsequent cleaning After final inspection, subsequent cleaning of the component is necessary only in those cases where the penetrant residues could interfere with subsequent processing or service requirements. 10 Test report The result sh
32、all be recorded in a test report which shall include the following information: a) reference to this part of ISO 4386; b) dimensions and material of the plain bearing; c) designation of the testing media used, together with the name of the manufacturer, type of product and batch number; d) result of
33、 the testing of the bond in the transitional area between the bearing backing/bearing material, and an indication of the permissible and found defect group; e) test result of the sliding surface and indication of the permissible and found class; f) place and date of inspection, and name of inspector
34、.BS7585-3:1992 BSI 09-1999 3 Annex A (normative) Designation classes and acceptance criteria A.1 General Figure A.1 shows types of mark. The surface tested shall be compared withFigure A.2 to Figure A.6 which each represent an area of1 dm 2 . The surface tested may be square or rectangular, with a m
35、aximum side length of250mm. The surface compared shall be the worst-affected part of the area under examination. Figure A.1 MarksBS7585-3:1992 4 BSI 09-1999 A.2 Class A acceptance criteria a) No round mark with a 3 mm. b) No linear marks. c) No linearly aligned marks. d) No more than two marks, with
36、 a maximum total area of 6,3 mm 2 . e) Maximum total area of marks: 10mm 2 /dm 2 . Figure A.2 Shape and location of marks Class ABS7585-3:1992 BSI 09-1999 5 A.3 Class B acceptance criteria a) No round mark with a 4 mm. b) No linear marks. c) No linearly aligned marks. d) No more than four marks, wit
37、h a maximum total area of16 mm 2 . e) Maximum total area of marks: 20 mm 2 /dm 2 . Figure A.3 Shape and location of marks Class BBS7585-3:1992 6 BSI 09-1999 A.4 Class C acceptance criteria a) No round mark with a 5 mm. b) No linear marks. c) No linearly aligned marks. d) No more than six marks, with
38、 a maximum total area of40mm 2 . e) Maximum total area of marks: 50 mm 2 /dm 2 . Figure A.4 Shape and location of marks Class CBS7585-3:1992 BSI 09-1999 7 A.5 Class D acceptance criteria a) No round mark with a 6 mm. b) No linear marks. c) No linearly aligned marks with l 10 mm. d) No more than 11 m
39、arks, with a maximum total area of 100 mm 2 . e) Maximum total area of marks: 125 mm 2 /dm 2 . Figure A.5 Shape and location of marks Class DBS7585-3:1992 8 BSI 09-1999 A.6 Class E acceptance criteria a) No round mark with a 8 mm. b) No linear mark with a 7 mm. c) No linearly aligned marks with l 16
40、 mm. d) No more than 20 marks, with a maximum total area of 250 mm 2 . e) Maximum total area of marks: 250 mm 2 /dm 2 . Annex B (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO 3452:1984, Non-destructive testing Penetrant inspection General principles. 2 ISO 3453:1984, Non-destructive testing Liquid penetrant inspe
41、ction Means of verification. Figure A.6 Shape and location of marks Class EBS7585-3:1992 BSI 09-1999 List of references See national foreword.BS 7585-3: 1992 ISO 4386-3: 1992 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for
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