1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58ICS 93.080.30Specification for pedestrian restraint systems in metalBRITISH STANDARDBS 7818:1995Inc
2、orporating Corrigenda Nos. 1 and 2BS 7818:1995CommitteBThCoresThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Board (B/-), was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1995 BSI 2006The follo
3、wing BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard:Committee reference B/509/11Draft for comment 93/107158 DCISBN 0 580 23787 7British Steel IndustryCounty Surveyors SocietyDepartment of Transport (Highways Agency)Department of Transport (Transport Research Laboratory)Fencing Industry A
4、ssociationInstitution of Civil EngineersInstitution of Highways and TransportationRoyal Society for the Prevention of AccidentsAmendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments15047 Corrigendum No. 110 May 2004 Correction to Figure 4a), Figure 4b), Figure 4c) and Figure 516540 Corrigendum No
5、. 229 September 2006 Correction to Figure 4a) and its titlees responsible for this ritish Standarde preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical mmittee B/509, Road equipment, to Subcommittee B/509/11, Pedestrian traint systems, upon which the following bodies were represented:Alu
6、minium FederationAssociation of County CouncilsBritish Railways BoardBS 7818:1995 BSI 2006ContentsPageCommittees responsible Inside front coverForeword iiiSection 1. GeneralIntroduction 11.1 Scope 11.2 References 11.3 Definitions 21.4 Symbols 71.5 Layout consideration 7Section 2. Design and performa
7、nce2.1 Design 112.2 Gradients 132.3 Post spacing and curves 132.4 Infill 142.5 Gates 152.6 Hazards 152.7 Materials 162.8 Durability and protection 192.9 Identification marking 192.10 Foundations, attachment systems and bedding 21Section 3. Construction of steel and aluminium pedestrian restraint sys
8、tems3.1 Workmanship, inspection and testing 253.2 Welding 253.3 Tolerances 273.4 Storage and transportation 283.5 Installation and site workmanship 283.6 Non-destructive production inspection 29Annex A (informative) Layout of pedestrian restraint systems 30Annex B (informative) Visibility and interv
9、isibility 32Annex C (informative) Information to be provided by the purchaser 33Figure 1 Typical cross sections showing use of pedestrian parapets 3Figure 2 Typical cross section showing carriageway, footway and guardrail arrangement 4Figure 3 Typical uses of the various classes of pedestrian guard
10、rail 4Figure 4 Typical details of restraint systems 4Figure 5 Datum for height consideration 8Figure 6 Typical arrangement of pedestrian crossing showing desirable visibility splays 9Figure 7 Detail of typical identification plate 20Figure 8 Typical detail of parapet at movement joint to accommodate
11、small movements up to 100 mm 21Figure 9 Typical plan of parapet at movement joint to accommodate large movements 23Figure 10 Typical detail of parapet fixing to concrete structure 23iBS 7818:1995iiPageTable 1 Minimum heights in millimetres of pedestrian restraintsystems 10Table 2 Design loads for fr
12、amed and post and rail pedestrian restraint systems 11Table 3 Nominal loads for bar, sheet or mesh infill 12Table 4 Maximum deflection of the system 12Table 5 Minimum thickness of member, infill panels andother components 14Table 6 Materials of construction for steel pedestrian restraint systems 16T
13、able 7 Materials of construction for aluminium pedestrian restraint systems 17Table 8 Possible minimum dimensions for concrete foundations 21Table C.1 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 33List of references 35 BSI 2006BS 7818:1995 BSI 2006ForewordThis British Standard has been prepared unde
14、r the direction of Technical Committee B/509 and supersedes BS 3049:1976 which is withdrawn.BS 3049:1976 provided a useful guide for the manufacture and installation of metal guard rails for highway situations. The need to provide a new standard has been recognized for some time and in 1992 B/509 ma
15、de the decision to proceed with a pedestrian restraint systems standard which required the inclusion of pedestrian bridge parapets (not vehicle bridge parapets which are covered by the vehicle restraint systems standards).Pedestrian restraint systems protect pedestrians when walking near the edge of
16、 high retaining walls/bridge parapets and prevent them from walking/running onto a carriageway. The design of the system should have regard to overall safety, be strong enough to withstand envisaged loading, avoid creating a visibility hazard and not become disconnected on impact and cause a major h
17、azard for highway users.As compared with BS 3049:1976, this British Standard covers the following:a) pedestrian parapets;b) illustrations of some types of pedestrian restraint systems;c) the encouragement of the designers or specifiers to look at the overall issues of both road safety and environmen
18、t by recognizing the need for particular designs in specific locations e.g. sites where increased visibility through the system is desired or where it may be necessary to extend the existing pedestrian restraint systems in historic locations;d) additional loading requirements in recognition of the n
19、eed to withstand increased crowd loadings in critical situations such as outside sports grounds.This British Standard deals with pedestrian restraint systems of metal construction. It is hoped to extend the scope to other materials in due course but, pending the publication of such further standards
20、, designers and specifiers wishing to use materials other than metal should ensure that the performance of those materials meets the loading requirements of this standard.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct ap
21、plication.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 37 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the do
22、cument was last issued.iiiivblankBS 7818:1995Section 1. GeneralIntroduction Pedestrian restraint systems may take one of the following forms:a) Parapets are generally installed on bridges, retaining walls or other structures where vehicular traffic is excluded but where pedestrians, equestrians or c
23、yclists may be carried (see Figure 1).b) Guard rails are installed to control pedestrians, cyclists and equestrians such as on footways, bridleways, footpaths, cycleways, but are not used on structures (see Figure 2 and Figure 3).The main objectives of pedestrian restraint systems are:1) to sustain
24、the specified design loadings;2) to protect and provide guidance for pedestrians and other non-vehicular highway users taking full account of the needs of the disabled;3) where they are placed adjacent to a carriageway, elements should not become easily detached on impact.The type, design and layout
25、 of a pedestrian restraint system should take account of the needs, safety andvisibility of all highway users and maintenance personnel.NOTE Any system should meet the requirements of the safety audits imposed by the relevant authorities including highway, road and rail.1.1 Scope1.1.1 This British S
26、tandard specifies requirements for the design, materials, workmanship and construction (including storage, transportation and installation) and testing of components for steel and aluminium alloy pedestrian restraint systems.Other materials such as cast iron, timber, masonry, brickwork or plastics a
27、re not at present covered by this standard.Systems covered by this standard are not designed to protect pedestrians by containing vehicle impact and if this is required reference should be made to BS 6579-1 to BS 6579-8 and BS 6779-1 and BS 6779-2.1.1.2 Annex A and Annex B provide information on the
28、 layout of pedestrian restraint systems and visibility and inter visibility respectively.NOTE For barriers in and about buildings see BS 6180. For general fencing see BS 1722. For steel, aluminium and concrete vehicle and vehicle/pedestrian parapets see BS 6779-1 and BS 6779-2. For vehicle safety fe
29、nces and safety barriers see BS 6579-1 to BS 6579-8.1.2 References1.2.1 Normative referencesThis British Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are
30、listed on page 35. For dated references, only the edition cited applies; any subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited publication apply to this British Standard only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publica
31、tion applies, together with any amendments.1.2.2 Informative referencesThis British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be ma
32、de to the latest editions.1 BSI 2006BS 7818:1995 Section 11.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply.1.3.1road restraint systemgeneric name for road vehicle restraint system and pedestrian restraint system1.3.2vehicle restraint systema system installed o
33、n the road to provide a level of containment for an errant vehicle; it may be used to limit damage or injury to road users and others in the vicinity1.3.3pedestrian restraint systema system installed to provide restraint and guidance for pedestrians, cyclists and equestrians1.3.4safety barriera road
34、 vehicle restraint system installed alongside or on the central reserve of a road1.3.5vehicle parapeta road vehicle restraint system installed on the edge of a bridge or on a retaining wall or similar structure which may include additional protection and restraint for pedestrians and other road user
35、s1.3.6pedestrian parapeta pedestrian restraint system installed on the edge of a bridge or on a retaining wall or similar structure (see Figure 1)NOTE It is not suitable for restraining vehicles.1.3.7vehicle/pedestrian parapetvehicle parapet with additional safety provisions for pedestrians and/or o
36、ther users1.3.8pedestrian guard raila pedestrian restraint system installed along the edge of a footway intended to restrain pedestrians from stepping onto or crossing a road or other area likely to be hazardous (see Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4)NOTE It is not suitable for restraining vehicles.1.
37、3.9embankment slopesloping ground which either forms part of the highway or road or immediately adjoins itNOTE Pedestrian restraint systems may be necessary to protect pedestrians where the gradient is greater than 1 in 4.1.3.10pedestrianspersons on foot1.3.11other userscyclists and equestrians1.3.1
38、2front face of a pedestrian restraint system2the face nearest to the pedestrian traffic BSI 2006BS 7818:1995Section 1Figure 1 Typical cross sections showing use of pedestrian parapets3 BSI 2006BS 7818:1995 Section 1Figure 2 Typical cross section showing carriageway, footway and guard rail arrangemen
39、tFigure 3 Typical uses of the various classes of pedestrian guard rail2 m nominal size c - cMax. gap40 mmHeightseetable 1Min. 50 mmplinth Post baseplate boltedto plinth200 mm max.perimeter110 max.100 max.4a) Typical pedestrian parapetNOTE For special requirements for railways see text.Figure 4 Typic
40、al details of restraint systems BSI 2006BS 7818:1995Section 11.3.13surface over which the user passesthe area in front of the face of a pedestrian restraint system, usually paved, immediately adjacent to any plinth or base1.3.14datum for height considerationthe highest level of footway, verge, carri
41、ageway or any other part of the highway or road construction within 1.5 m of, and on a line at right angles to, the front face of the pedestrian restraint system but excluding plinths and dwarf walls (see Annex A and Figure 5)NOTE This will normally be the adjoining paved surface.1.3.15ground levelt
42、he final level of the surface above which the system is erected1.3.16plintha continuous upstand on the edge of a structure or set into the ground upon which the pedestrian restraint system is mounted1.3.17main structureany part of a bridge, retaining wall or similar structure upon which a pedestrian
43、 parapet is mounted which may include a plinth1.3.18attachment systemthe means of attachment of the pedestrian restraint system to the anchorage, usually consisting of holding-down bolts, or posts concreted into holesNOTE Pedestrian parapets normally have base plates and attachment systems/anchorage
44、s. Spigots or cast-in posts are not allowed on structures. Cast-in posts can be used for pedestrian guard rails.1.3.19anchoragethat part contained within the main structure to which the pedestrian restraint system is fixed by means of the attachment system1.3.20infillmaterial which occupies the spac
45、es between rails and adjacent posts1.3.21infill panela panel used to cover the spaces between members. It may provide restraint, or splash protection1.3.22vertical infill/barvertical members set at close centres between longitudinal members to provide protection to pedestrians and animals. The verti
46、cal members may be fixed or adjustable for gradient1.3.23railslongitudinal members connecting two or more posts1.3.24post5a structural member mounted in the ground or on the main structure, supporting rails and/or infill. BSI 2006BS 7818:1995 Section 11.3.25design load see Table 2a) and Table 2b)Des
47、ign load = nominal load fl1.3.26intervisibilityvisibility through a pedestrian restraint system (see Figure 6)NOTE At points of emergence drivers and pedestrians should be able to see each other from a safe distance and important sight lines between drivers should not be obscured.1.3.27gatea movable
48、 portion of the pedestrian restraint system provided to give access, e.g. for loading goodsb) Typical pedestrian guard railFigure 4 Typical details of restraint systems (continued)Type withfull heightinfillType withintermediaterail2 m nominal size c - c300 mm max.Heightseetable 1Max. gap40 mm110 mm
49、max.150 mm max200 mm max. perimeterConcrete foundation.6 BSI 2006BS 7818:1995Section 11.4 SymbolsThe following is a list of symbols used in this British Standard to represent variables. Other symbols may be found in the tables and diagrams.1.5 Layout consideration1.5.1 An accurate topographical survey of the proposed site shall be used for the overall design of the system and the following shall be considered (see Figure 6):a) the visibility requirements between drivers and other drivers, an
