1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7906-1:2005 Use of lifting equipment for performance, broadcast and similar applications Part 1: Code of practice for installation, use and removal of above stage equipment (excluding trusses and towers) ICS 53.020 BS 7906-1:2005 This British Standard was published under the auth
2、ority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 24 January 2005 BSI 24 January 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference MHE/3/13 Draft for comment 03/316262 DC ISBN 0 580 44939 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The pr
3、eparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, to Subcommittee MHE/3/13, Lifting equipment for performance, broadcast and similar applications, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of British Theatre Technicians Broadcasti
4、ng Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union HSE Health and Safety Executive Lifting Equipment Engineers Association Professional Lighting and Sound Association Safety Assessment Federation Ltd. Theatres Advisory Council Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 7906-1:2005 BS
5、I 24 January 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 2 4 Structural integrity 7 5S a f e t y 7 6 Planning and installation 10 7 Attachment of loads 17 8 Operation and use of equipment 26 9
6、 Flying of performers 75 10 Technician lifting for access purposes 77 Annex A (informative) Recommended safety factors and relevant rigging data 78 Bibliography 79 Figure 1 Pitch circle 5 Figure 2 Centre of gravity of a flat with a heavy top cornice 18 Figure 3 Methods of hanging a flat vertically 1
7、9 Figure 4 Location of rope anchorage on a plain drum 32 Figure 5 Method of measuring diameter of a wire rope 33 Figure 6 Knots, hitches and splices 36 Figure 7 Stages in tying common whipping 38 Figure 8 Terminations 41 Figure 9 Lifting accessories 44 Figure 10 Scenery fittings 48 Figure 11 Distrib
8、ution of forces within a bridle 52 Figure 12 Fleet angle 54 Figure 13 Load factors without allowance for friction 55 Figure 14 Single purchase counterweight system 66 Figure 15 Double purchase counterweight system 67 Table 1 Examples of the types of installation 11 Table 2 Recommended actions when s
9、pecifying an installation 12 Table 3 Recommended actions when selecting equipment 13 Table 4 Sequence and procedures for commissioning an installation 14 Table 5 Typical weights of materials commonly used for scenic construction 21 Table 6 Load attachment methods 25 Table 7 Safe working loads for st
10、eel wire rope with a safety factor of 8 31 Table 8 Visible defects requiring wire rope to be withdrawn from service for thorough examination by a competent person 33 Table 9 Number and torque for wire rope grips conforming to BS EN 13411-5 40 Table 10 Selection and use of slings 50 Table 11 Visible
11、defects indicating slings should be withdrawn from service for thorough examination by a competent person 51 Table 12 Mode factors for slings 53 Table 13 Recommended SWL for specified steel and aluminium bars of 48.3 mm outside diameter with specified spans 56 Table 14 Selection of winches, drums an
12、d chain hoists 58 Table 15 Selection of electric chain hoists for lifting or suspending loads over people 62 Table A.1 Recommended safety factors and other relevant rigging data 78BS 7906-1:2005 ii BSI 24 January 2005 Foreword This part of BS 7906 has been prepared by subcommittee MHE/3/13. It does
13、not supersede any previous British Standard. BS 7906 Use of lifting equipment for performance, broadcast and similar applications is published in two parts: Part 1: Code of practice for installation, use and removal of above stage equipment (excluding trusses and towers) Part 2: Code of practice for
14、 use of aluminium and steel trusses and towers The primary object of this code of practice is to ensure that lifting operations in entertainment and similar applications are carried out safely. As a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not
15、 be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent people. This pu
16、blication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Attention is drawn to the following statutory regulations: The Lifting Op
17、eration and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 3; The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998 4; The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended 5; The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 6; The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 199
18、2 7. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 79 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 7906-1:2005 BSI 24 January 2005 1 1 Scope This British Standard gives
19、 recommendations for the safe use of lifting equipment used to lift and traverse equipment and personnel for the following applications: film; television; theatre and similar entertainment events; conference and exhibition. The recommendations cover the supply, installation, use, maintenance and rem
20、oval of components and systems, documentation and periodic inspection and thorough examination. Additional requirements might apply to installations in cruise ships. Lifts and elevators are not covered by this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for
21、the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 1139-1.2, Metal scaffolding Part 1: Tubes Section 1.2: Specification for aluminium tube. BS 2853, Speci
22、fication for the design and testing of steel overhead runway beams. BS 6521, Guide for proper use and maintenance of calibrated round steel link lifting chains. ISO 7592 BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations IEE Wiring Regulations Sixteenth edition. BS 7905-1:2001, Lifting equipment for
23、 performance, broadcast and similar applications Part 1: Specification for the design and manufacture of above stage equipment (excluding trusses and towers). BS 7909, Code of practice for design and installation of temporary distribution systems delivering a.c. electrical supplies for lighting, tec
24、hnical services and other entertainment related purposes. BS EN 39:2001, Loose steel tubes for tube and coupler scaffolds Technical delivery conditions. BS EN 697, Fibre ropes for general service Polyester. BS EN 698, Fibre ropes for general service Manila and sisal. BS EN 818-3, Short link chain fo
25、r lifting purposes Safety Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings Grade 4. BS EN 818-7, Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 7: Fine tolerance hoist chain, Grade T (Types T, DAT and DT). BS EN 1261, Fibre ropes for general service Hemp. BS EN 1677 (all parts), Components for sli
26、ngs Safety. BS EN 10219 (all parts), Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels. BS EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications. BS EN 13411-3, Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-
27、securing. BS EN 13411-5, Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety Part 5: U-bolt wire rope grips. BS EN 20898 (all parts), Mechanical properties of fasteners. BS EN 60204, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines. BS EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel a
28、nd alloy steel Part: 1 Bolts, screws and studs.BS 7906-1:2005 2 BSI 24 January 2005 ISO 1835, Short link chain for lifting purposes Grade M(4), non-calibrated, for chain slings etc. ISO 3075, Short link chain for lifting purposes Grade S(6), non-calibrated, for chain slings etc. ISO 3076, Short link
29、 chain for lifting purposes Grade T(8), non-calibrated, for chain slings etc. DIN 15315, Lift Cable joints. DIN 56925, Theatre engineering, stage machinery Scenery hoist Safety requirements and testing. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 7906, the following terms and definit
30、ions apply. 3.1 anchorage fixture, forming the interface between the temporary or permanent supporting structure and other items of lifting equipment, by means of which the loads are transmitted into the supporting structure 3.2 attachment point facility provided to enable the load to be connected t
31、o the lifting machine, usually by use of a lifting accessory 3.3 bar length of tube or other section, usually steel or aluminium, to which loads are attached NOTE Sometimes referred to as “barrel” or “pipe”. Trusses including ladder beams are dealt with in BS 7905-2 and BS 7906-2. 3.4 certified test
32、ed, identified and supplied with a certificate signifying compliance with the standard and/or capacity to carry a specified load 3.5 commissioning final phase in the installation of equipment, when it is demonstrated to be compliant with all the specified criteria and to be fully operational 3.6 com
33、petent person person who has such practical and theoretical knowledge and such experience as is necessary to carry out the work and is aware of the limits of his/her own competence, expertise and knowledge 3.7 controlled stop stop at a pre-determined rate 3.8 D:d ratio pitch circle diameter of the p
34、ulley or winding drum divided by the diameter of the rope 3.9 dead prearranged position for a flown element; indication of prearranged position for example, marked on the hauling rope or electronically recorded 3.10 dynamic working coefficient breaking load of a component divided by the sum of the m
35、aximum static and dynamic loads applied to that componentBS 7906-1:2005 BSI 24 January 2005 3 3.11 emergency stop device that causes a controlled stop as quickly as safely possible and which overrides all other controls 3.12 ferrule aluminium, copper or steel sleeve compressed by dies or swages onto
36、 a wire rope to form a permanent termination NOTE Sometimes referred to as “crimp”, “swage” or “sleeve”. 3.13 fleet angle angle of deflection of rope as it leaves a drum or pulley NOTE See Figure 12. 3.14 hoist lifting machine (including lighting hoist, chain hoist and winch) 3.14.1 Category A hoist
37、 chain or wire rope hoist intended by the manufacturer for entertainment industry use for lifting and suspending loads over people and conforming to BS 7905-1 3.14.2 Category B hoist chain or wire rope hoist not intended by the manufacturer for lifting or suspending loads over people 3.15 hook clamp
38、 lifting accessory used to support lighting and similar equipment hanging from bars 3.16 in-view flying wire wire that can be seen by the audience, and which for artistic reasons needs to be as thin as practicably possible without compromising safety 3.17 karabiner connector with a lockable, self-cl
39、osing and load bearing gate 3.18 lifting accessory component or equipment separate from the lifting machine and placed between the lifting machine and the load or on the load to attach it NOTE Lifting accessories are not capable of providing movement. 3.19 lifting machinery machine which is intended
40、 to raise, lower and suspend materials or persons 3.20 lifting system assembly of lifting machines and accessories 3.21 limit means for preventing further lifting and/or lowering 3.21.1 bottom limit means for preventing lowering below the working range of travelBS 7906-1:2005 4 BSI 24 January 2005 3
41、.21.2 top limit means for preventing lifting beyond the working range of travel 3.21.3 ultimate limit means for preventing further lifting or lowering in case of top or bottom travel limit failure NOTE Sometimes referred to as “over-travel limit”. 3.22 load suspended item or force related to mass 3.
42、22.1 axial load force in line with an axis, for example the axis could be the centre line of a hydraulic cylinder 3.22.2 dead load force arising at any part of a system at rest due to mass in the system and excluding any forces due to live load 3.22.3 design load maximum force intended by the design
43、er 3.22.4 dynamic load force arising at any part of a system due to acceleration or deceleration of mass 3.22.5 live load mass attached to lifting system NOTE Sometimes referred to as “payload” or “imposed load”. 3.22.6 load bearing withstanding of force, e.g. a load bearing beam is a beam which wit
44、hstands force due to loading 3.22.7 load capacity amount of force sustainable by design 3.22.8 load path assembly of items connected to one another to withstand force whereby each item is subjected to force due to the load considered 3.22.9 load testing application of known force to assess integrity
45、 of equipment 3.22.10 minimum breaking load MBL applied force below which an item does not break 3.22.11 overload suspended mass greater than the safe working loadBS 7906-1:2005 BSI 24 January 2005 5 3.22.12 point load force applied at one place 3.22.13 safe working load SWL maximum mass that is per
46、mitted to be raised, lowered or suspended NOTE The safe working load is not necessarily the same as the working load limit. 3.22.14 shock load force generated by sudden arrest 3.22.15 static load force imposed on any part of a system when at rest 3.22.16 uniformly distributed load UDL force evenly s
47、pread over the force withstanding item 3.22.17 working load limit WLL maximum permitted mass that equipment is designed to lift, as specified by the equipment manufacturer 3.23 permanent assembled by the manufacturer and not intended to be dismantled or decommissioned during the life of the product,
48、 except for servicing NOTE Permanent items are often dedicated to one use. See 3.36 for definition of temporary. 3.24 performer flying lifting, lowering or suspension of an artiste in performance, to give the impression of levitation or flying 3.25 pitch circle pitch circle is the effective circle o
49、f rolling without slip between transmitting elements, see Figure 1 3.26 production file assembly of documents which together contain all the important information relating to the event 3.27 rope diameter diameter of the smallest circle that can encompass all strands of a rope Figure 1 Pitch circle Pitch circle diameter
