1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8547:2016Respiratory equipment Breathing gas demandregulator used for diving todepths greater than 50metres Requirements andtest methodsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The
2、British Standards Institution 2016Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 89213 4ICS 13.340.30The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference PH/4/7Draft for comment 15/30318437 DCPublication historyFirst published March 2016Amendments issued since
3、publicationDate Text affectedBS 8547:2016 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Demand regulator requirements 25 Testing 46 Marking 77 Information to be supplied to the user 7AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Gas density and gas mixtures 8List of f
4、iguresFigure 1 Calibration test orifice 6Figure 2 Analysis of pressure (y axis) volume (x axis) loops 6List of tablesTable 1 Gas densities for tests 4Table 2 Breathing simulator settings 5Table A.1 Gas densities 8Table A.2 Example test gas mixtures to achieve a density of 7.66 gL19Table A.3 Example
5、diving gas mixtures 10Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8547:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is publishe
6、d by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 March 2016. It wasprepared by Subcommittee PH/4/7, Underwater breathing apparatus, under theauthority of Technical Committee PH/4, Respiratory protection. A list oforganizations represented on
7、 these committees can be obtained on request totheir secretary.Relationship with other publicationsBS EN 250 gives the requirements for demand regulators to a depth of 50 m.Similarly, BS EN 15333-1 gives the requirements for demand regulators to adepth of 60 m. This British Standard gives requiremen
8、ts for demand regulatorsin self-contained diving apparatus (BS EN 250) beyond 50 m and for demandregulators in umbilical supplied apparatus (BS EN 15333-1) beyond 60 m.Information about this documentThis British Standard uses the principle of gas density to cover all depth and gasmixtures used below
9、 50 m. The intention of this British Standard is to define theperformance requirements for demand diving regulators without imposing amaximum depth limit.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this British Standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type.Its requirements are expressed in sen
10、tences in which the principal auxiliary verbis “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provision
11、s of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8547:2016ii The British Standards Institution 20161 ScopeThis British Standard specifies minimum performance requirements for divercarr
12、ied breathing gas demand regulators for open-circuit and saturation gasreclaim systems used for diving to depths greater than 50 m.This British Standard defines additional requirements for breathing performanceand helium compatibility to those already given in BS EN 250 andBS EN 15333-1.NOTE The bas
13、ic requirements for diving apparatus and demand regulators as perBS EN 250 and BS EN 15333-1 have been retained. The exception here is for thebreathing performance which is revised in this British Standard to cover therequirement for use at depths greater than 50 m.This British Standard specifies a
14、test method for helium compatibility with ademand regulator and a test method for measuring the work of breathing(WOB) and respiratory pressures of a demand regulator.This British Standard does not cover auxiliary emergency breathing systems; theyare covered in BS EN 250:2014, Annex B.2 Normative re
15、ferencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS
16、EN 132, Respiratory protective devices Definitions of terms and pictogramsBS EN 250:2014, Respiratory equipment Open-circuit self-contained compressedair diving apparatus Requirements, testing, markingBS EN 12021, Respiratory equipment Compressed gases for breathingapparatusBS EN 15333-1:2008, Respi
17、ratory equipment Open-circuit umbilical suppliedcompressed gas diving apparatus Part 1: Demand apparatus3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given inBS EN 132 and the following apply.3.1 breathing frequencysetting of the breathing simulator meas
18、ured in cycles per minuteSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.93.2 demand regulatordevice which consists of a pressure reducer connected to a single demand valvethat is fitted to a face pieceSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.19, modified3.3 displaced (tidal) volumevolume of breathing gas displaced by the breathing sim
19、ulator during one halfcycle (inhalation or exhalation) measured in litresSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.8BRITISH STANDARD BS 8547:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 13.4 dive/pre-dive controlswitch on the demand regulator that in the pre-dive position prevents free-flowwhen not connected to the
20、respiratory tractSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.263.5 high pressurepressure inside the cylinder(s) and between the cylinder(s) and any pressurereducerSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.23.6 medium pressurepressure between the pressure reducer and the demand valveSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.33.7 rated working pressu
21、remaximum working pressure of the respective componentsSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.43.8 reference pressureequilibrium pressure which exists in the face piece when there is no respiratoryflow at the end of exhalationSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.53.9 respiratory minute volume (RMV)product of the tidal volu
22、me and breathing frequency measured in litres perminuteSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.103.10 respiratory pressuredifferential pressure in the face piece relative to the reference pressuremeasured during inhalation and exhalationSOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.63.11 work of breathing (WOB)external work expended
23、 during one breath divided by the tidal volume of thatbreath, measured in Joule per litreNOTE 1 This is equivalent to volume average respiratory pressure (kPa). This WOBis, in general, proportional to the area bounded by a pressure volume diagram.Work associated with positive pressures during inhala
24、tion does not count towardsthe total WOB.SOURCE: BS EN 250:2014, 3.12, modifiedNOTE 2 This is specific work, i.e. the work undertaken in ventilating one litre ofgas.4 Demand regulator requirements4.1 GeneralWhere the demand regulator is part of a self-contained breathing apparatus itshall conform to
25、 BS EN 250 for a cold water regulator, except for therequirements in BS EN 250:2014, 5.7.1 which shall be replaced by 4.2 and 4.3.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8547:20162 The British Standards Institution 2016Where the demand regulator is part of an umbilical supplied apparatus it shallconform to BS EN 15333-1
26、, except for the requirements inBS EN 15333-1:2008, 5.7.1 which shall be replaced by 4.2 and 4.3.NOTE Providing the regulator has already achieved the requirements inBS EN 250 or BS EN 15333-1, preconditioning as specified in BS EN 250:2014, 6.2.1 orBS EN 15333-1:2008, 6.1.1 is not required prior to
27、 conducting tests in accordancewith this British Standard.The demand regulator shall be provided with a pressure relief system.4.2 Dive/pre-dive controlIf the demand regulator is fitted with a separate dive/pre-dive control, this shallbe a two-position switch. If this is a rotational control, the ro
28、tation shall not begreater than 180. The pre-dive setting shall be clearly defined and shall bemarked accordingly. Demand regulators which incorporate a dive/pre-divecontrol shall be tested with the control set to dive position.4.3 Demand regulator performance4.3.1 Breathing performanceThe breathing
29、 performance shall be determined at simulated respiratory minutevolume (RMV) up to 75 Lmin1ambient temperature and pressure (ATP).The performance shall be determined with air at an ambient pressure of 6.0 barand at the maximum pressure specified by the manufacturer using a gas mixturecontaining heli
30、um and greater than 2% oxygen with a density at that pressureof 7.66 gL1.NOTE See Annex A for further information on gas density and gas mixtures.4.3.2 Work of breathing and respiratory pressureThe WOB at the maximum and minimum sensitivity (measured in JL1) shall notbe greater than a value of:WOB =
31、 0.5 + 0.03 RMVThe positive WOB during inhalation shall not be greater than 0.3 JL1.The peak respiratory pressure during inhalation and exhalation shall be withinthe range of 25 mbar.Pressure spikes (during inhalation) with no measurable positive WOB shall notbe greater than 10 mbar. Pressure peaks
32、(during inhalation) with measurablepositive WOB shall not be greater than 5 mbar.4.3.3 Free-flowWhen tested in accordance with Clause 5, the demand regulator shall notfree-flow with the sensing diaphragm in the position tested, except for atemporary free-flow of 10 s maximum.4.4 Helium compatibility
33、The demand regulator shall be compatible for use with helium. When tested inaccordance with 5.5, it shall:a) not leak;b) remain functional; andc) show no signs of degradation.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8547:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 35 Testing5.1 Nominal values and tolerancesUnless otherw
34、ise specified, the values shall be subject to a limit deviationof 5%.5.2 Test gasesTesting shall be carried out with compressed gas conforming to BS EN 12021.Gas densities shall be determined assuming the gas is dry and using the values inTable 1.Table 1 Gas densities for testsGas Density at 1 bar (
35、0 m) and 0 C (gL1)Air 1.2762Helium 0.1764Oxygen 1.4102Nitrogen 1.23465.3 Breathing system test5.3.1 PrincipleThis test method measures the WOB and respiratory pressures of a demandregulator.5.3.2 Apparatus5.3.2.1 Test chamber5.3.2.2 Breathing simulator and associated test equipment5.3.2.3 Calibratio
36、n test orifice5.3.2.4 Demand regulator under test5.4 Test equipment calibration5.4.1 Breathing simulatorThe breathing simulator shall produce a sinusoidal waveform and be capable ofsimulated RMV at ATP as indicated in Table 2.5.4.2 Respiratory pressure measurementThe measuring equipment for respirat
37、ory pressure variations in the system shallbe able to measure at frequencies up to 50 Hz with less than 3 dB damping.5.4.3 Calibration5.4.3.1 The performance characteristics of the breathing simulator testequipment shall be verified by the use of a calibration test orifice as shown inFigure 1.5.4.3.
38、2 This calibration test orifice shall be inserted into the test equipment inplace of a demand regulator.5.4.3.3 The test chamber shall be pressurized dry using air to 6.0 bar absolute.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8547:20164 The British Standards Institution 20165.4.3.4 The breathing simulator test equipment s
39、hall be set at a ventilation rateof 62.5 Lmin1as per Table 2.5.4.3.5 The respiratory pressure at the calibration orifice shall be measured andthe performance shall be determined from the pressure-volume diagramgenerated by plotting the low (respiratory) pressure against the displaced (tidal)volume.5
40、.4.3.6 The pressure-volume diagram shall be analysed in accordance withFigure 2.5.4.3.7 The recorded WOB shall be 3.3 JL1. The recorded inhalation pressureshall be 25 mbar. The recorded exhalation pressure shall be +25 mbar.5.4.4 Method5.4.4.1 The demand regulator shall be rigged as though the diver
41、s head is in anupright position.5.4.4.2 Demand regulators which incorporate adjustable sensitivity controls shallbe tested with the settings both at minimum and maximum.5.4.4.3 The demand regulator shall be supplied with the relevant test gas(see 5.2).5.4.4.4 The demand regulator shall be supplied w
42、ith high pressure gas at therated working pressure of the demand regulator as specified by themanufacturer and repeated at 50 bar.5.4.4.5 The test chamber shall be filled with water at 4+20C. There shall be atleast 0.2 m of water above the demand regulator to preclude surface effects.5.4.4.6 Compres
43、s the test chamber to the test pressure.5.4.4.7 The demand regulator shall be tested at 50 bar supply pressure with thebreathing simulator set at all the ventilation rates shown in Table 2 and at themaximum working pressure with a ventilation rate of 62.5 Lmin1.5.4.4.8 The respiratory pressure at th
44、e mouth shall be measured and theperformance shall be determined from the pressure-volume diagram generatedby plotting the low (respiratory) pressure against the displaced (tidal) volume.The test duration shall be such as to obtain steady-state performance.5.4.4.9 The pressure-volume diagram shall b
45、e analysed in accordance withFigure 2.5.4.5 Test reportA test report including the WOB and respiratory pressures shall be produced.Table 2 Breathing simulator settingsDisplaced (tidal)volumeBreathing frequency Ventilation rate Maximum work ofbreathingL Min1Lmin1JL11.0 10 10.0 0.801.5 15 22.5 1.182.0
46、 20 40.0 1.702.5 25 62.5 2.383.0 25 75.0 2.75BRITISH STANDARD BS 8547:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 5Figure 1 Calibration test orificeDimensions in millimetresFigure 2 Analysis of pressure (y axis) volume (x axis) loopsKey1 Peak-to-peak respiratory pressure2 Peak inspired respiratory p
47、ressure3 Reference pressure4 Peak expired respiratory pressure5 Work of breathingBRITISH STANDARDBS 8547:20166 The British Standards Institution 20165.5 Test for helium compatibility5.5.1 PrincipleThis test method checks helium compatibility with a demand regulator.5.5.2 Apparatus5.5.2.1 Demand regu
48、lator under test5.5.2.2 Gas supply containing greater than 90% helium5.5.2.3 Device for measuring the medium pressure of the demand regulator5.5.2.4 Tank for immersing regulator under test5.5.3 Method5.5.3.1 The device for measuring the medium pressure shall be fitted.5.5.3.2 The demand regulator sh
49、all be connected to the gas supply.5.5.3.3 The test shall be undertaken at two pressures: the maximum workingpressure of the regulator and at 50 bar.5.5.3.4 For each test pressure, the demand regulator shall be immersed, purgedfor 5 s and left immersed for a minimum of 2 h.5.5.3.5 After stabilization no visual leakage of gas shall be observed for theduration of test; the medium pressure shall be monitored and remainwithin 5% of the starting pressure.5.5.3.6 Post immersion the deman
