1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationDD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Monobloc wheels Technicalapproval procedurePart 2: Cast wheelsDD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011 DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTNational
2、 forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 13979-2:2011.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so t
3、hat information and experience of its practical application can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requestedso that UK experience can be reported to the international organization responsible for its conversion to an international standard. A review of this p
4、ublication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in anannouncement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the repli
5、es received by the end of the review period, the re-sponsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Com
6、mittee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/3/-/1, Railway Applications - Wheels and Wheelsets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secreta
7、ry.Normative A (mandatory) requirement defined as an expression in the content of a document conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance withthe document is to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted CEN/ CENELEC internal Regulations, Part 3: Rules for the Structure and Drafting of
8、European Standards (PNE-Rules).Informative Information (not mandatory) intended to assist theunderstanding or use of the document. Informative annexes shall not containrequirements, except as optional requirements. (For example, a test methodthat is optional may contain requirements but there is no
9、need to comply withthese requirements to claim compliance with the document.)This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 68826 3ICS 45.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot c
10、onfer immunity from legal obligations.This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedDD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE
11、SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 13979-2 September 2011 ICS 45.040 English Version Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 2: Cast wheels Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Roues monobloc - Procdure dhomologation technique - Partie 2
12、: Roues en acier moul Bahnanwendungen - Radstze und Drehgestelle - Vollrder - Technische Zulassungsverfahren - Teil 2: Gussrder This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 3 January 2011 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three
13、 years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS avai
14、lable promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria,
15、 Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN
16、 COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 13979-2:2011: EDD CEN/TS 139
17、79-2:2011CEN/TS 13979-2:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Parameters for the definition of the application covered 6 3.1 Parameters for geometric interchangeability .6 3.1.1 Functional requirements .6 3.1.2 Assembly requirements 7 3.1.3 Maintena
18、nce requirements .7 3.2 Parameters for thermomechanical assessment .7 3.3 Parameters for mechanical assessment .7 3.4 Parameters for acoustic assessment 8 4 Description of the wheel to be approved 8 5 Assessment of the geometric interchangeability .8 6 Assessment of the thermomechanical behaviour 8
19、6.1 General procedure .8 6.2 First stage Braking bench test 9 6.2.1 Test procedure .9 6.2.2 Decision criteria .9 6.3 Second stage Wheel fracture bench test .10 6.3.1 General 10 6.3.2 Test procedure .10 6.3.3 Decision criterion .10 6.4 Third stage Field braking test 10 6.4.1 General 10 6.4.2 Test pro
20、cedure .10 6.4.3 Decision criteria .10 7 Assessment of the mechanical behaviour 11 7.1 General procedure .11 7.2 First stage - Calculation 11 7.2.1 Applied forces 11 7.2.2 Calculation procedure .12 7.2.3 Preliminary assessment criterion 13 7.3 Second stage Bench test .13 7.3.1 General 13 7.3.2 Defin
21、ition of bench loading and of the test procedure 13 7.3.3 Decision criteria .13 8 Assessment of the acoustic behaviour .13 8.1 General procedure .13 8.2 Calculation procedure .14 8.3 Field measurements 14 8.4 Decision criteria .14 9 Technical approval documents 15 Annex A (normative) Assessment of t
22、he thermomechanical behaviour .16 A.1 Assessment flow chart 16 A.2 Braking bench test procedure 17 DD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011CEN/TS 13979-2:2011 (E) 3 A.2.1 Principle of the test . 17 A.2.2 Definition of braking 17 A.2.3 Method of measuring the decision criteria . 17 A.2.4 Tests and measurements . 18 A.
23、2.5 Anomalies 19 A.3 Wheel fracture bench test procedure 19 A.3.1 Principle of the test . 19 A.3.2 Definition of drag braking . 19 A.3.3 Pre-cracking of the rim . 20 A.3.4 Tests and measurements . 20 A.3.5 Anomalies 21 A.4 Field braking test procedure 21 A.4.1 Principle of the test . 21 A.4.2 Defini
24、tion of braking 21 A.4.3 Method of measurement of the decision criteria . 21 A.4.4 Tests and measurements . 22 A.4.5 Anomalies 23 Annex B (normative) Flow chart of the mechanical behaviour assessment 24 Annex C (informative) Mechanical behaviour Finite element code assessment. 25 Annex D (informativ
25、e) Mechanical behaviour Bench loading and test procedure 26 D.1 Principle of bench loading and test procedure 26 D.2 Definition of loading 27 D.2.1 General . 27 D.2.2 Measurement of the stresses during field tests . 27 D.3 Fatigue bench test . 27 D.3.1 Method 1 Random fatigue test 27 D.3.2 Method 2
26、Single-stage fatigue test . 29 Annex E (informative) Assessment of the acoustic behaviour 31 E.1 Assessment flow chart . 31 E.2 Calculation procedure . 32 E.2.1 Preliminary comment 32 E.2.2 Calculation of the wheel modal basis . 32 E.2.3 Selection of the reference track model . 32 E.2.4 Definition o
27、f the calculation parameters . 32 E.2.5 Power calculation 32 E.2.6 Insertion . 33 E.2.7 Calculations of the decision criteria for acoustic technical approval of the wheel . 34 E.2.8 Optional calculations 34 E.3 Field measurement procedure . 34 E.3.1 Objective and preliminary remark . 34 E.3.2 Recomm
28、endations for the operating conditions . 35 E.3.3 Measurement procedure . 38 E.3.4 Analysis of results . 40 Annex F (informative) Drag braking values for interoperability . 44 Bibliography 45 DD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011CEN/TS 13979-2:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 13979-2:2011) has been prepar
29、ed by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Your attention is drawn to the fact that certain elements in this document may be subject to intellectual property or similar rights. The CEN and/or CENELEC cannot be held responsible for not identi
30、fying such property rights and providing a warning of their existence. This document has been prepared as part of a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and provides support for the main requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/CE. This European Standar
31、d is part of a series Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Monobloc wheels Technical approval procedure which consists of the following parts: Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels; Part 2: Cast wheels. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fo
32、llowing countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal
33、, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011CEN/TS 13979-2:2011 (E) 5 Introduction Part 1 of this series applies to monobloc wheels manufactured by forging and rolling. This process was the only authorized process accepted in the UIC regula
34、tions that were applicable in the recent past in most of the European countries. Cast wheels are commonly used by AAR networks and have been introduced into Europe on some applications for freight wagons. This standard defines the specified requirements linked to the casting process for the technica
35、l approval of a monobloc wheel. It follows the same methodology as Part 1. As this standard applies only to freight wagons and supports European interoperability, this standard defines in the informative Annex F the specific parameters for the thermomechanical assessment of a freight wagon wheel des
36、igned for European interoperability. The standard describes how to assess the wheel design. To be able to apply the specifications, it is essential to define the use of the wheel; this standard also states how to define this use. At least four aspects are described with different purposes: a geometr
37、ic aspect: to allow interchangeability of different solutions for the same application; a thermomechanical aspect: to manage wheel deformations and to ensure that braking will not cause wheels to break; a mechanical aspect: to ensure that no fatigue cracks occur in the web; an acoustic aspect: to en
38、sure that the solution chosen is as good as the reference wheel, for the use in question. For each of these three latter aspects, the rules proposed tend to limit the procedure; thus, the easier the objectives are to attain by the wheel under study. This Technical Specification does not cover assess
39、ment of the hub nor of the static mechanical dimensioning of the wheel. The main content of this standard is derived from Part 1. The only technical differences are linked to the needs of the cast process for the product. DD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011CEN/TS 13979-2:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Specifi
40、cation defines the requirements for a cast monobloc wheel of a freight railway vehicle non-powered axle for use on a European network. It only applies to wheels of new design or new European application. These requirements are intended to assess the validity of the design choice for the proposed use
41、. The assessment of these requirements is the technical approval procedure. This Technical Specification does not address the quality requirements for cast wheels. These quality requirements are defined in Technical Specification CEN/TS 15718. 2 Normative references The following referenced document
42、s are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13103, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Non-powered axles Design method
43、 CEN/TS 15718, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Product requirements for cast wheels 3 Parameters for the definition of the application covered The application for which the wheel is to be approved shall be defined by the following parameters. If the application parameters are changed for a
44、n approved wheel, the customer and supplier shall review the assessments. 3.1 Parameters for geometric interchangeability The application shall be defined by geometric interchangeability parameters divided into three categories according to whether they are linked to functional, assembly or maintena
45、nce requirements. 3.1.1 Functional requirements the nominal tread diameter that influences the buffer height and the loading gauge; the maximum rim width linked to the points and crossing and the track brakes; the tread profile outside the conical part of the tread; the position of the rim internal
46、surface relative to the corresponding surface of the hub; the conicity of the hub bore; the space required for disc brakes mounted on the wheel; the space needed on the bogie frame, braking equipment and suspension equipment. DD CEN/TS 13979-2:2011CEN/TS 13979-2:2011 (E) 7 3.1.2 Assembly requirement
47、s the bore diameter; the hub length to ensure overhanging of the hub on the wheelseat. 3.1.3 Maintenance requirements the wear limit diameter or the last reprofiling diameter; the wear groove shape; the geometry of the area for wheel clamping on reprofiling machines; the position and shape of the ho
48、le and groove for displacement under oil pressure (where required); the general rim shape to allow ultrasonic measurement of residual stresses in wheels braked by shoes. 3.2 Parameters for thermomechanical assessment The application shall be defined by: the maximum braking energy created by the fric
49、tion of the brake shoes on the tread surface. This energy may be defined by a power Pa, a time taand a train speed Vaduring drag braking. If it is defined by other parameters (for braking to a stop, for example), these parameters are defined by agreement between the customer and the supplier. Required values of Pa for European interoperability are given in informative Annex F; NOTE For interoperable freight rolling stock, the thermomechanical behaviour does not need to be verified when b
