1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58measuring the mechanical action in household washing machinesICS 97.060Clothes washing machines for
2、 household use Methods for DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD IEC/PAS 62473:2007DD IEC/PAS 62473:2007This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 58899 0should be taken and pass their comments on to the releva
3、nt international committee.Observations which it is felt should receive attention before the official call for comments will be welcomed. These should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK particip
4、ation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CPL/59, Performance of household electrical appliances, to Subcommittee CPL/59/1, Dishwashers and washing machines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not
5、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsoperating under a given procedure.A review of this Draft for Development will be carried out not later than three years after its
6、 publication.Notification of the start of the review period, with a request for the submission of comments from users of this Draft for Development, will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received, the responsible BSI Committee will jud
7、ge whether the validity of the PAS should be extended for a further three years or what other action National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of IEC/PAS 62473:2007.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development
8、 series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained.A PAS is a Technical Specification not fulfilling the requirements for a standard, but made available to the public
9、and established in an organization PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION IECPAS 62473Pre-Standard First edition2007-04Clothes washing machines for household use Methods for measuring the mechanical action in household washing machines Reference number IEC/PAS 62473:2007(E) DD IEC/PAS 62473:2007CONTENTS I
10、NTRODUCTION.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms, definitions and symbols.5 4 General conditions for measurements .5 4.1 General .5 4.2 Resources and ambient conditions.6 5 Materials 6 5.1 Base load6 5.2 Test materials6 5.2.1 Thread removal material 6 5.2.2 Dot removal material7 5.2.3 Frayi
11、ng specimens.7 5.3 Preparation .7 5.4 Amount of test specimens used7 5.5 Detergent 8 6 Instrumentation and accuracy .8 7 Test procedure .8 7.1 Loading .8 7.2 Unloading and drying of test specimens .8 7.3 Repeating of test procedure.8 8 Evaluation 9 8.1 Thread removal method .9 8.2 Dot removal method
12、 9 8.3 Fraying method .9 9 Data to be reported.9 10 Sources of test materials 9 10.1 Thread removal method (5.2.1) 9 10.2 Dot removal method (5.2.2)9 10.3 Fraying method (5.2.3) 10 Annex A (normative) Thread removal material Preparation of test specimen.11 Annex B (normative) Loads and loading .12 B
13、.1 General12 B.2 Test load mass.12 B.3 Loading14 Annex C (normative) Thread removal material Evaluation 26 C.1 General26 C.2 Evaluation 27 Annex D (normative) Dot removal material Evaluation30 D.1 Evaluation 30 2 DD IEC/PAS 62473:2007Annex E (normative) Fraying material Evaluation.32 E.1 General32 E
14、.2 Evaluation 32 Figure 1 Thread removal specimen.6 Figure 2 Dot removal specimen 7 Figure 3 Fraying specimen .7 Figure B.1 General loading direction for horizontal axis machines .16 Figure B.2 How to load towel/pillowcase with strip 16 Figure B.3 How to load towel without strip 17 Figure B.4 How to
15、 load pillowcases without strip.17 Figure B.5 How to load bed sheets.18 Figure B.6 General loading directions for vertical axis machines .20 Figure B.7 How to load towels/pillowcases with strip.21 Figure B.8 How to load towels without strips.21 Figure B.9 How to load pillowcases without strip.22 Fig
16、ure B.10 How to load bed sheets .22 Figure C.1 Thread removal specimen after test run.26 Figure C.2 “Not remaining” and “remaining” threads27 Figure C.3 Thread counting after test run .27 Figure C.4 Square counting after test run: left and right side examples .28 Figure D.1 Measuring spots on dot re
17、moval specimen 30 Figure E.1 Part of fraying specimen after test run .32 Figure E.2 Evaluation for test specimen 1.33 Table B.1 Cotton test load mass.12 Table B.2 Synthetics/blends test load mass13 Table B.3 Polyester test load mass 14 Table B.4 Loading sequence step by step for horizontal axis mach
18、ine.19 Table B.5 Small loads without sheet (1,0 to 2,5 kg).23 Table B.6 Average loads with two sheets (3,0 to 7,0 kg) .24 Table B.7 Large loads with three sheets (7,5 to 8,5 kg).24 Table B.8 Extra large loads with four sheets (9,0 to 10,0 kg).25 3 DD IEC/PAS 62473:2007Figure D.2 Measuring spots on u
19、neven treated dot removal specimen 31 INTRODUCTION Mechanical action is a main parameter in a washing process. On the positive side, this parameter improves washing performance but can cause damage to textile goods. In todays IEC standards, mechanical action has not been determined as a single param
20、eter in washing processes. Mechanical action has a high relevance for consumers as well as for manufacturers of washing machines, and therefore a comparison of this parameter (especially in relation or comparison to the achieved washing performance as measured in IEC 60456) in different washing mach
21、ines is very important. The object is finally to state and define a method for the determination of mechanical action. Due to the fact that washing programmes cover a wide range of mechanical action (gentle cycles to heavy-duty cotton programmes, single cycles to multiple cycles), three systems the
22、thread removal method; the dot removal method; the fraying method can cover this area and are at the same time sensitive enough to show smaller differences. 4 DD IEC/PAS 62473:2007CLOTHES WASHING MACHINES FOR HOUSEHOLD USE METHODS FOR MEASURING THE MECHANICAL ACTION IN HOUSEHOLD WASHING MACHINES 1 S
23、cope This PAS deals with methods for measuring the “gentleness of action” (GoA) of clothes washing machines for household use, with or without heating devices and for cold and/or hot water supply. It is also applicable to appliances for both washing and drying textiles (called washer-dryers) with re
24、spect to the washing phase. “Gentleness of action” defines the influence of washing machine parameters to irreversible changes of the textile properties. These changes can be visible or not visible. Examples of these irreversible changes are: loss of tensile tear strengths; surface friction (abrasio
25、n, pilling); dimensional changes (shrinkage or elongation); creasing; “structural disorientation”. Three methods for different ranges of mechanical action are described to measure and quantify the influences of the machine parameters by measuring one or several of these irreversible changes: thread
26、removal method (TRM preferable for low to medium mechanical action); dot removal method (DRM preferable for high mechanical action); fraying method (FM preferable for medium to high mechanical action). 2 Normative references The following referenced document including all reference documents cited t
27、here are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60456, Clothes washing machines for household use Methods for measuring the
28、 performance 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and symbols of IEC 60456 apply. 4 General conditions for measurements 4.1 General The measurements shall generally be carried out on a machine installed and used in accordance with the manufacture
29、rs instructions, except as required by this document. If there is more than one option for installation, the one chosen for testing shall be reported. If the 5 DD IEC/PAS 62473:2007machine is new, the machine shall be run for two complete test cycles according to IEC 60456. 4.2 Resources and ambient
30、 conditions Electricity and water supply as well as the ambient temperature shall be maintained at specified values stated in IEC 60456. 5 Materials 5.1 Base load The base loads used shall consist of the items described for cotton, easy-care (synthetics/blends) or polyester base loads according to I
31、EC 60456. The base loads are adjusted and treated according to IEC 60456. The number of items is specified in Annex B. 5.2 Test materials 5.2.1 Thread removal material 5.2.1.1 Characteristics The thread removal material is a woven fabric having an open structure to all sides allowing loosening of th
32、reads by mechanical impact (see Figure 1). 5.2.1.2 Specification Size: about 29,5 29,5 cm Weave: plain woven Yarn: DTEX 228 F34 PA 66 Yarn count per cm: Warp/Filling 17/17 Weight: about 85 g/m2Split-up threads (for easy counting) - every 5th thread in warp and filling direction is blue - every 25th
33、thread in warp and filling direction is red End marking threads- Filling: 5 blue threads - Warp: 5 blue threads (All end marking threads shall be removed for testing.) 499 threads = 29,5 cm 499 Threads = 29,5 cm Figure 1 Thread removal specimen 6 DD IEC/PAS 62473:20075.2.2 Dot removal material 5.2.2
34、.1 Characteristics The dot removal material is a stiff fabric with bonded coloured dots which are removed by mechanical impact (see Figure 2). 5.2.2.2 Specification Size: 34 34 cmBasic fabric: 00 % Cotton, plain woven, white, 125 g/m2Yarn: Nm 34/34 Yarn count per cm: Warp/Filling 19,5/19,5 Dots: 100
35、 % PA, colouredDensity of dots: 45,5/cm2Density of dots: about 45,5/ cm2 Weight about 140 g/m2Figure 2 Dot removal specimen 5.2.3 Fraying specimens 5.2.3.1 Characteristics The fraying specimen is a cotton fabric with five punched holes having an open structure allowing loosening of threads by mechan
36、ical impact. 5.2.3.2 Secification Size: 40 40 cm Circular holes diameter: 35 mm Fibre content: 100 % pure natural cotton of 27 mm minimum length Yarn size - linear density: single yarn 30 + 2 tex Yarn twist: Z 700 + 25 Warp strength: at least 500 N Warp yarn count: 25 + 2 threads per cm Filling yarn
37、 count: 25 + 2 threads per cm Figure 3 Fraying specimen 5.3 Preparation All test specimens shall be marked with a unique identifying reference, using an indelible marking system. The thread removal material shall be prepared before use as described in Annex A. The dot removal specimens have to be me
38、asured before use as described in Annex D. 5.4 Amount of test specimens used For each wash cycle, four test specimens of only one type regardless of test load size and type shall always be used. 7 DD IEC/PAS 62473:20075.5 Detergent The detergent used for this test shall be reference detergent A* des
39、cribed in IEC 60456 6 Instrumentation and accuracy Instrumentation and accuracy of IEC 60456 apply. For the fraying method the following tools are needed: magnifying glass; black background for assistance in counting threads; needle or similar instrument; rule calibrated in millimetres. 7 Test proce
40、dure The test is basically run in accordance to the test of washing performance described in IEC 60456 except that, additionally, the test specimens according to this document are added to the load in the drum according to the following description. 7.1 Loading The way of loading the machine influen
41、ces the results. To get reproducible results it is necessary to define the way of loading the machine and to follow the instructions accurately. The loading scheme of IEC 60456 is only applicable for one type of washing machine (horizontal axis). The loading procedure as described in Annex B applies
42、 to all types of washing machines and will probably be included in a future edition of IEC 60456. The test specimens for measuring the gentleness of action according to this procedure are added as described in Annex B. The test specimens should be placed as flat as possible. The location of each mec
43、hanical action specimen shall be recorded (using identifying reference number of test specimen) 7.2 Unloading and drying of test specimens Mechanical action specimens shall be carefully removed from the load, taking care not to pull, stretch or distort the test specimens. Base load as well as soil s
44、trips shall be dried according to the procedure described in IEC 60456. Do not dry the mechanical action test specimens in a tumble dryer. The mechanical action test specimens are dried by laying them out flat. Take care not to apply any further mechanical action. If possible, the dot removal test s
45、pecimens and the fraying test specimens should be carefully flattened by hand to avoid wrinkles. 7.3 Repeating of test procedure The test procedure is run according to IEC 60456. A test series consists of five test runs. For each test run new mechanical action test specimens shall be used. NOTE It i
46、s possible to use the same specimens for more than one test run, especially for very low mechanical action. 8 DD IEC/PAS 62473:20078 Evaluation 8.1 Thread removal method The evaluation of the thread removal specimen will be done by counting the removed threads (considered as “not remaining”). The ev
47、aluation is described in Annex C. 8.2 Dot removal method The evaluation of the dot removal specimens is done with a colour matching system. The evaluation is described in Annex D. 8.3 Fraying method The evaluation of the thread removal specimen will be done by counting of loose threads. The evaluati
48、on is described in Annex E. 9 Data to be reported The following data shall be recorded for all runs: cycle identification, water hardness and temperature, and number of cycles on test loads. The following information may also be recorded: total cycle time, wash time, speed, water temperature, water
49、usage, supply voltage and frequency to the washer. Cycle information including optional control settings shall be recorded. 10 Sources of test materials Items may be obtained from: 10.1 Thread removal method (5.2.1) EMPA Testmaterialien AG Mvenstrasse 12 CH-9015 St. Gallen Switzerland Tel: +41-71-311-8055 Fax: +41 -71-311-8057 www.empa-testmaterials.ch 10.2 Dot removal method (5.2.2) EMPA Testm
