1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1316-1:2012Hardwood round timber Qualitative classificationPart 1: Oak and beechCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot f
2、or ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1316-1:2012. It supersedes BS EN 1316-1:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted
3、to Technical Committee B/543, Round and sawn timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The Britis
4、h Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 69386 1 ICS 79.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2
5、013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE N
6、ORM EN 1316-1 October 2012 ICS 79.040 Supersedes EN 1316-1:1997English Version Hardwood round timber - Qualitative classification - Part 1: Oak and beech Bois ronds feuillus - Classement qualitatif - Partie 1: Chne et htre Laub-Rundholz - Qualitts-Sortierung - Teil 1: Eiche und Buche This European S
7、tandard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerni
8、ng such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into i
9、ts own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germ
10、any, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR
11、 NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1316-1:2012: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleN
12、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Qualitative classification .44.1 Grading principles .44.2 Designation of grades .54.3 Features to be taken in
13、to account for the classification .55 Tables of rules of grading .6Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (E
14、N 1316-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2013, a
15、nd conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This
16、 document supersedes EN 1316-1:1997. This standard is one of a series of standards concerning round timber (softwoods and hardwoods). Other parts of this standard are: EN 1316-2, Hardwood round timber Qualitative classification Part 2: Poplar The main changes compared to the previous edition are: a)
17、 Clause 4 “qualitative classification” completely revised and classes A to D defined; b) Table 1 “grading rules for oak” revised and new features added; c) Table 2 “grading rules for beech” revised and new features added; d) Editorial revision. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the
18、national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
19、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w
20、ithout license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a qualitative classification and grade designations for felled round timber of oak and beech presented in the form of long poles or logs. The classifications describe quality classes of round t
21、imbers for which the intended use is not known. The classification applies for the following species: Oaks, Quercus sessiliflora SALISB. (or Quercus petraea LIEBL.), Quercus robur L. (or Quercus pedunculata EHRH.) and Beech (Fagus sylvatica L). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whol
22、e or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 844-1:1995, Round and sawn timber Te
23、rminology Part 1: General terms common to round timber and sawn timber EN 844-2:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 2: General terms relating to round timber EN 844-5:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 5: Terms relating to dimensions of round timber EN 844-7:1997, Round and sawn t
24、imber Terminology Part 7: Terms relating to anatomical structure of timber EN 844-8:1997, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 8: Terms relating to features of round timber EN 844-10:1998, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack EN 1309-2, Round and saw
25、n timber Method of measurement of dimensions Part 2: Round timber Requirements for measurement and volume calculation rules EN 1310, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of features EN 1311, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of biological degrade 3 Terms and definitions For the purp
26、oses of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 844-1:1995, EN 844-2:1997, EN 844-5:1997, EN 844-7:1997, EN 844-8:1997 and EN 844-10:1998 apply. 4 Qualitative classification 4.1 Grading principles Each long pole, log or portion of a round timber individualized by a theoretical crosscut
27、point, is qualified according to its dimensions and to the presence, size, and distribution (e.g. concentration) of specific features. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
28、-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 5 4.2 Designation of grades The qualitative grading has four classes; A, B, C and D. The grading is based on the following general de-scription of quality classes: Quality class A First quality timber: generally corresponding to a butt log with clear timber o
29、r with only minor features which do not restrict use. Quality class B Timber of average to first quality, with no specific requirements for clear wood. Knots are permitted to such an extent as is considered to be average for each species. Quality class C Timber of average to low quality, allowing al
30、l quality features which do not seriously reduce the natural features of the wood. Quality class D Timber which can be sawn into usable wood, which, because of its features, falls into none of the quality classes A, B or C. 4.3 Features to be taken into account for the classification The classes are
31、 defined more precisely in Table 1 for oak and Table 2 for beech. All the listed qualitative features in Table 1 and Table 2 shall be taken into account when a class is assigned and measurements shall be made according to EN 1309-2, EN 1310 and EN 1311. In the case of one feature exceeding the limit
32、 of the class, which would lead to a downgrading, the reduction of length or diameter excluding the feature may allow to remain in this class. This classification shall be completed with the Latin name of specified species. The abbreviation of this Latin name can also be used instead of the full nam
33、e. EXAMPLE 1 Oak: Quercus class B or Q-B. EXAMPLE 2 Beech: Fagus class B or F-B. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 6 5 Tables of
34、 rules of grading Table 1 Grading rules for oak (1 of 2) Features Classes A B C Dc(1) dimension minimum length3 mb3 mb2 mb2 mbminimum mid diameter under barka40 cmb35 cmb30 cmb20 cmb(2) nail and epicormic shoot 1 per 3 m permitted permitted permitted (3) sound knots 1 per 3 m ( 2 cm)1 per 1 m ( 4 cm
35、) or 1 per 3 m ( 6 cm) permitted permitted (4) unsound knots (including roses) not permitted 1 per 2 m ( 3 cm; 4 cm for roses) no limitation for knots 3 cm and roses 4 cm; 1 per 2 m 10 cm permitted (5) burl not permitted 1 per 2 m permitted permitted (6) star shake permitted in the central fifth of
36、the radius permitted in the central third of the radius permitted in the central 2/3 of the radius permitted (7) ring shake not permitted permitted in the central fourth of the radius on the butt end only permitted on the butt end only permitted (8) crack not permitted length of the crack on the sur
37、face shall be smaller than the mid diameterdlength of the crack on the surface shall be smaller than the doubled mid diameterdpermitted (9) frost crack not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (10) insect attack not permitted not permitted permitted in sapwood permitted (11) T disease not
38、 permitted not permitted permitted permitted (12) sapwood 3 cm unlimited unlimited unlimited (13) rate of growth 4 mm unlimited unlimited unlimited Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic
39、ense from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 7 Table 1 Grading rules for oak (2 of 2) Features Classes A B C Dc(14) colour homogeneousbno require-ments no require-ments no require-ments (15) eccentric pith 10 % 20 % unlimited unlimited (16) spiral grain 4 cm/m 7 cm/m permitted permitted (17
40、) simple sweep 2 cm/m 4 cm/m 10 cm/m permitted (18) included sapwood not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (19) rotnot permitted permitted in the sapwood permitted in the sapwood and permitted in the central fourth of the diameter permitted (20) brown oaknot permitted not permitted per
41、mitted in the central 1/3 of diameter permitted For other features, as e.g. brown spot, brown streak, ovality, specific contract regulations are recommended. aContractors need to agree on a bark reduction. bExcept clauses stipulated by contract. cProvided that at least 80 % of the cross section is u
42、sable on the complete length. dIn case of traversing cracks, a reduction in length should be arranged. eIn case of white rot, a reduction in length should be arranged. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p
43、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 8 Table 2 Grading rules for beech(1 of 2) Features Class A B C De(1) dimensions minimum length3 mb3 mb2 mb2 m minimum mid-diameter under barka40 cmb35 cmb25 cmb20 cm (2) sound knots 1 per 3 m ( 4 cm) 1 per 1 m ( 6 cm); or 1 pe
44、r 2 m ( 8 cm) permitted permitted (3) unsound knots not permitted not permitted Sum of knot diameters 8 cm per 2 m permitted (4) covered knots 1 per 3 m if branch scar quotient 1:4 1 per 1 m if branch scar quotient 1:2 and height of scar 10 cm 2 per 1 m permitted (5) spiral grain 3 cm/m 7 cm/m unlim
45、ited unlimited (6) eccentric pith 10 % 20 % unlimited unlimited (7) simple sweep 2 cm/m 4 cm/m 8 cm/m permitted (8) ovality 15 % unlimited unlimited unlimited (9) fluting not permitted not permitted permitted permitted (10) traversing crack not permitted one permitted in one level; length of the cra
46、ck on the surface shall be smaller than the mid diameter one permitted in one level if the length of the crack on the sur-face is smaller than the doubled mid diameter permitted (11) other cracks not permitted not permitted permitted, if the longest length of the crack on the surface is smaller than
47、 the mid diameter permitted (12) insect attack not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (13) rot (% of the diameter) not permitted 15 in the heart 25 in the heart permitted (14) red heart (% of the diameter) 15 c 30 dpermitted permitted (15) star red heart (% of the diameter) not permitte
48、d 10 40 permitted Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1316-1:2012EN 1316-1:2012 (E) 9 Table 2 Grading rules for beech (2 of 2) Features Class A B C De(16) stain not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted (17) T disease not permitted 1 per m permitted permitted a Contractors need to agree on a bark reductio
