1、BS EN 1405:2009ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDChemicals used fortreatment of waterintended for humanconsumption Sodium alginateThis British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Commi
2、ttee on 30November 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 58595 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 1405:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1405:2009. Itsupersedes BS EN 1405:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was
3、 entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its corre
4、ct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 1405:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1405August 2009ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 1405:1998 English VersionChemicals used for treatment of water intended for humanconsumption - So
5、dium alginateProduits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leaudestine la consommation humaine - Alginate de sodiumProdukte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr denmenschlichen Gebrauch - Natrium-AlginatThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 July 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the
6、CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or
7、to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial version
8、s.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
9、Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Re
10、f. No. EN 1405:2009: EBS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Description .5 3.1 Identification .5 3.2 Commercial form .6 3.3 Physical properties 6 3.4 Chemical properties 7 4 Purity criteria 7 4.1 General 7 4.2 Composition of c
11、ommercial product .8 4.3 Impurities and main by-products .8 4.4 Chemical Parameters 8 5 Test methods 8 5.1 Sampling .8 5.2 Analyses .8 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage . 14 6.1 Means of delivery 14 6.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with the EU Directives . 14 6.3 Transportation regul
12、ations and labelling . 14 6.4 Marking 14 6.5 Storage . 15 Annex A (informative) General information on sodium alginate . 16 A.1 Origin . 16 A.2 Use . 16 A.3 Rules for safe handling and use . 17 A.4 Emergency procedures 17 Bibliography . 19 BS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN
13、 1405:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and confli
14、cting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This docum
15、ent supersedes EN 1405:1998. Annex A is informative and gives some information on origin, use and handling of sodium alginate. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Be
16、lgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1405:2009E
17、N 1405:2009 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this standard: 1) This standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member State
18、s of the EU or EFTA; 2) It should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approva
19、l of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. WARNING The use of this standard may involve hazardous substances, materials, operations and equipment. This standard
20、does not purport to address all the safety aspects associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. BS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope Thi
21、s European standard is applicable to sodium alginate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of sodium alginate and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium alginate. 2 Normative references The following referenced
22、documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test me
23、thods (ISO 3696:1987) ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powd
24、ers to coarse lumps 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Sodium alginate NOTE Linear glycuronoglycan consisting mainly of (1-4) linked -D-mannuronic acid units and (1-4) linked -L-guluronic acid units in pyranose ring form. 3.1.2 Synonym or common name Algin. 3.1.3 Relative molecular
25、 mass 10 000 to 250 000 approximately. 3.1.4 Empirical formula (C6O6H7Na)n. BS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 6 3.1.5 Chemical formula Sodium alginate (with D-mannuronic acid units) 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number1)9005-38-3. 3.1.7 EINECS reference2)The EINECS inventory lists alginic acid, but does not appl
26、y numbers to the salts of alginic acid. The EINECS number for alginic acid is 232-68-01. 3.2 Commercial form Sodium alginate as specified in this standard is available as a solid containing a small amount of residual moisture. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The product is a white to pale y
27、ellowish-brown powder. 3.3.2 Density The bulk density of the product is typically in the range 0,7 g/cm3to 1,0 g/cm3. 3.3.3 Solubility The product is soluble in hot or cold water. Its solubility is limited only by viscosity, with a paste being formed at concentrations of approximately 50 g/l and abo
28、ve. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Not applicable. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa Not applicable. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. BS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 7 3.3.6 Melting point The product decomposes at approximately 200
29、C. 3.3.7 Specific heat Not applicable. 3.3.8 Viscosity, dynamic Not applicable. 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties Sodium alginate is a non-hazardous material and not intrinsically react
30、ive. However, in common with many other organic compounds, a strong exothermic reaction will occur if it is brought into contact in the dry state with a strong oxidizing agent or strong acid. NOTE In dilute solution there can be a reaction with, or destruction by, some of the disinfection and oxidiz
31、ing agents used in water treatment. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for sodium alginate used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw
32、 material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of
33、 water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemicals parameters where these are likely to be present in sig
34、nificant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. BS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 8 4.2 Composition of commer
35、cial product The product consists of sodium alginate, moisture and minor levels of inorganic salts (i.e. sodium chloride and sodium sulfate). The following requirements shall apply to sodium alginate: a) sodium alginate content: minimum 80 % mass fraction calculated with reference to the dried subst
36、ance; b) moisture content: less than 15 % mass fraction; c) ash: 18 % mass fraction to 32 % mass fraction on a dry basis; d) pH: 4,8 to 8,8 as 1 % mass fraction solution at 20 C; e) extraneous matter: there shall be no visible extraneous matter. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products Based on the raw m
37、aterials and manufacturing process (see A.1) there are no significant concentration of additional reactants or by-products which are relevant to the application of this product in drinking water treatment. 4.4 Chemical Parameters NOTE For the purpose of this standard, “chemical parameters” are those
38、 defined in the EU Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 1. Chemical parameters as defined above are not relevant at a reference dose of 0,5 mg/l. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling Sampling shall be in accordance with ISO 8213 and the recommendations given in ISO 3165 and ISO 6206 shall be followed. A rep
39、resentative sample of the solid product, of sufficient mass, shall be obtained immediately after manufacture or from a newly opened package(s). The sample shall be clearly labelled with product name/code, batch number, type of container(s) sampled and date sampled. Reference samples shall be retaine
40、d for the storage life of the product as claimed by the manufacturer/supplier. 5.2 Analyses 5.2.1 General Unless otherwise specified, all reagents shall be of recognised analytical grade. The water used shall conform to grade 2 specified in EN ISO 3696. 5.2.2 Main product If additional requirements
41、are agreed between the customer and manufacturer/ supplier, the latter shall provide the necessary methods if requested, so that the customer can carry out his own quality check. A certificate of analysis shall be provided by the manufactured/supplier if requested. BS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 9
42、5.2.2.1 Sodium alginate content 5.2.2.1.1 General This method is applicable to sodium alginates with alginate content in the range 50 % mass fraction to 100 % mass fraction. 5.2.2.1.2 Principle The sodium alginate (Na Alg) is converted to alginic acid by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid in the
43、 presence of propan-2-ol. The alginic acid formed is washed with a propan-2-ol/water mixture to remove excess hydrochloric acid. The alginic acid is then titrated with standard volumetric solution alkali. Propan-2-ol is present to prevent solubilisation of low molecular weight fractions of the sodiu
44、m alginate. NaCl + AlgH HCl + AlgNa OH + AlgNa NaOH + AlgH2 5.2.2.1.3 Reagents 5.2.2.1.3.1 Propan-2-ol (isopropanol). 5.2.2.1.3.2 Hydrochloric acid, c(HCl) = 2 mol/l. 5.2.2.1.3.3 Propan-2-ol diluted solution (50 + 50) (V1+ V2) of propan-2-ol with HCl (5.2.2.1.3.2). 5.2.2.1.3.4 Propan-2-ol diluted so
45、lution (75 + 25) (V1+ V2) of propan-2-ol with water. 5.2.2.1.3.5 Sodium hydroxide solution, c(NaOH) = 0,5 mol/l. 5.2.2.1.3.6 Phenolphthalein indicator solution 5.2.2.1.4 Apparatus 5.2.2.1.4.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus and glassware together with the following : 5.2.2.1.4.2 Filter crucible, pore
46、size index P16 (diameter of pores 10 m to 16 m), 35 ml capacity, clean and dry. 5.2.2.1.4.3 Vacuum pump or water vacuum pump. 5.2.2.1.4.4 Filter flask, 250 ml, fitted with rubber cone. 5.2.2.1.4.5 Stirrer, variable speed, with propeller paddle. 5.2.2.1.4.6 Burette, 25 ml, graduated in 0,1 ml divisio
47、ns. 5.2.2.1.5 Procedure WARNING Concentrated HCl: causes severe burns. Produces harmful vapours and irritates eyes, respiratory tract and skin. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wear rubber gloves and eye protection when handling. Hydrochloric acid is not combustible, but can produce corro
48、sive vapours when heated. Hydrochloric acid reacts with many metals to form hydrogen, which forms an explosive mixture with air. BS EN 1405:2009EN 1405:2009 (E) 10 Propan-2-ol is highly flammable. Vapours are potentially explosive with low temperature flash point. Propan-2-ol irritates the eyes; vap
49、ours can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Liquid and vapour are toxic. Avoid breathing vapour and any contact particularly with eyes and mouth. Use only where fume extraction is provided. Do not use near a naked light or other exposed heat house. 5.2.2.1.5.1 Test portion Weigh, to the nearest 0,01 g, 3 g of a test sample into the filter crucible (5.2.2.1.4.2). 5.2.2.1.5.2 Determination Attach the filter crucible to the filter flask with rubber cone (5.2.2.1.4.4) and connect to the water vacuum pump (5.2.2.1.4.3). Add approximately 30 ml to 35 m
