1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1991-2:2003Incorporating Corrigenda Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads on bridgesICS 91.010.30; 93.040g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g
2、37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58December 2004 andFebruary 2010National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-2:2003, incorporating corrigendum February 2010. It supersedes DD ENV 1991-3:2000 which is withdrawn. Details of superseded British Standards are giv
3、en in the table below. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum February 2010 is indicated in the text by .The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main material
4、s, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after al
5、l the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years allowed for the national calibration period during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a three year coexistence period. During the coexistence period Member States will be encoura
6、ged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent period. The Commission in consultation with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence period for each package of Eurocodes. At the end of this coexistence period, the na
7、tional standard(s) will be withdrawn. In the UK, the following national standards are superseded by the Eurocode 1 series. These standards will be withdrawn on a date to be announced. Eurocode Superseded British Standards EN 1991-1-1 BS 6399-1:1996 EN 1991-1-2 none EN 1991-1-3 BS 6399-3:1988 EN 1991
8、-1-4 BS 6399-2:1997, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-5 BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-6 none EN 1991-1-7 none EN 1991-2 BS 5400-1:1988, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-3 none EN 1991-4 none * N.B. BS 5400-2:1978 will not be fully superseded until publication of Annex A.2 to BS EN 1990:2002. BS EN 1991-2:2003This Briti
9、sh Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2003 BSI 2010Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments 15508Corrigendum No.115 December 2004 Addition of supersession details30 April 2010 Implementation of CEN corr
10、igendum February 2010ISBN 978 0 580 68991 8BS EN 1991-2:2003iThe UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions and basis of design loadings.A list of organizations represented on this subcom
11、mittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a Note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific
12、 value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1991-2 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultatio
13、n has taken place. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. iiblankEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 19
14、91-2September 2003ICS 91.010.30; 93.040Supersedes ENV 1991-3:1995English versionEurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads onbridgesEurocode 1: Actions sur les structures - Partie 2: Actionssur les ponts, dues au traficEurocode 1: Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 2:Verkehrslasten auf
15、 BrckenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 November 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographic
16、al references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member
17、 into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norw
18、ay, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworld
19、wide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1991-2:2003 EIncorporating corrigendum February 20102ContentsFOREWORD.7BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME7STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES .8NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES 9LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND HARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATI
20、ONS (ENS ANDETAS) FOR PRODUCTS .9ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EN 1991-29NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN 1991-211SECTION 1 GENERAL .151.1 SCOPE 151.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.161.3 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES 161.4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS171.4.1 Harmonised terms and common definitions.
21、171.4.2 Terms and definitions specifically for road bridges 191.4.3 Terms and definitions specifically for railway bridges201.5 SYMBOLS .211.5.1 Common symbols .211.5.2 Symbols specifically for sections 4 and 5.211.5.3 Symbols specifically for section 6 23SECTION 2 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS.272.1 GE
22、NERAL .272.2 VARIABLE ACTIONS272.3 ACTIONS FOR ACCIDENTAL DESIGN SITUATIONS.28SECTION 3 DESIGN SITUATIONS30SECTION 4 ROAD TRAFFIC ACTIONS AND OTHER ACTIONSSPECIFICALLY FOR ROAD BRIDGES314.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION .314.2 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS .314.2.1 Models of road traffic loads.314.2.2 Loading cl
23、asses 324.2.3 Divisions of the carriageway into notional lanes 324.2.4 Location and numbering of the lanes for design334.2.5 Application of the load models on the individual lanes .344.3 VERTICAL LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES .354.3.1 General and associated design situations354.3.2 Load Model 1 .354
24、.3.3 Load Model 2 .384.3.4 Load Model 3 (special vehicles).394.3.5 Load Model 4 (crowd loading).394.3.6 Dispersal of concentrated loads.404.4 HORIZONTAL FORCES - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES .414.4.1 Braking and acceleration forces 41BS EN 1991-2:2003EN 1991-2:2003 (E)34.4.2 Centrifugal and other transvers
25、e forces 424.5 GROUPS OF TRAFFIC LOADS ON ROAD BRIDGES 424.5.1 Characteristic values of the multi-component action 424.5.2 Other representative values of the multi-component action 444.5.3 Groups of loads in transient design situations.444.6 FATIGUE LOAD MODELS .454.6.1 General.454.6.2 Fatigue Load
26、Model 1 (similar to LM1) 484.6.3 Fatigue Load Model 2 (set of “frequent“ lorries) 484.6.4 Fatigue Load Model 3 (single vehicle model)494.6.5 Fatigue Load Model 4 (set of “standard“ lorries) .504.6.6 Fatigue Load Model 5 (based on recorded road traffic data).534.7 ACTIONS FOR ACCIDENTAL DESIGN SITUAT
27、IONS.534.7.1 General.534.7.2 Collision forces from vehicles under the bridge 534.7.2.1 Collision forces on piers and other supporting members534.7.2.2 Collision forces on decks 534.7.3 Actions from vehicles on the bridge .544.7.3.1 Vehicle on footways and cycle tracks on road bridges .544.7.3.2 Coll
28、ision forces on kerbs.554.7.3.3 Collision forces on vehicle restraint systems 554.7.3.4 Collision forces on structural members.564.8 ACTIONS ON PEDESTRIAN PARAPETS 564.9 LOAD MODELS FOR ABUTMENTS AND WALLS ADJACENT TO BRIDGES.574.9.1 Vertical loads .574.9.2 Horizontal force .57SECTION 5 ACTIONS ON F
29、OOTWAYS, CYCLE TRACKS ANDFOOTBRIDGES .595.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION .595.2 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS .595.2.1 Models of the loads 595.2.2 Loading classes 605.2.3 Application of the load models.605.3 STATIC MODELS FOR VERTICAL LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES .605.3.1 General.605.3.2 Load Models.615.3.2.1
30、Uniformly distributed load615.3.2.2 Concentrated load615.3.2.3 Service vehicle 625.4 STATIC MODEL FOR HORIZONTAL FORCES - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES 625.5 GROUPS OF TRAFFIC LOADS ON FOOTBRIDGES625.6 ACTIONS FOR ACCIDENTAL DESIGN SITUATIONS FOR FOOTBRIDGES .635.6.1 General.635.6.2 Collision forces from ro
31、ad vehicles under the bridge635.6.2.1 Collision forces on piers635.6.2.2 Collision forces on decks 645.6.3 Accidental presence of vehicles on the bridge .645.7 DYNAMIC MODELS OF PEDESTRIAN LOADS.655.8 ACTIONS ON PARAPETS.65BS EN 1991-2:2003EN 1991-2:2003 (E)45.9 LOAD MODEL FOR ABUTMENTS AND WALLS AD
32、JACENT TO BRIDGES.65SECTION 6 RAIL TRAFFIC ACTIONS AND OTHER ACTIONSSPECIFICALLY FOR RAILWAY BRIDGES666.1 FIELD OF APPLICATION .666.2 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS NATURE OF RAIL TRAFFIC LOADS 676.3 VERTICAL LOADS - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES (STATIC EFFECTS) AND ECCENTRICITYAND DISTRIBUTION OF LOADING.676.3
33、.1 General.676.3.2 Load Model 71 .676.3.3 Load Models SW/0 and SW/2.686.3.4 Load Model “unloaded train” .696.3.5 Eccentricity of vertical loads (Load Models 71 and SW/0) .696.3.6 Distribution of axle loads by the rails, sleepers and ballast706.3.6.1 Longitudinal distribution of a point force or whee
34、l load by the rail .706.3.6.2 Longitudinal distribution of load by sleepers and ballast .716.3.6.3 Transverse distribution of actions by the sleepers and ballast 716.3.6.4 Equivalent vertical loading for earthworks and earth pressure effects .736.3.7 Actions for non-public footpaths746.4 DYNAMIC EFF
35、ECTS (INCLUDING RESONANCE) 746.4.1 Introduction746.4.2 Factors influencing dynamic behaviour.746.4.3 General design rules 756.4.4 Requirement for a static or dynamic analysis756.4.5 Dynamic factor G01 (G012, G013) 786.4.5.1 Field of application .786.4.5.2 Definition of the dynamic factor G01.786.4.5
36、.3 Determinant length LG01796.4.5.4 Reduced dynamic effects 826.4.6 Requirements for a dynamic analysis 836.4.6.1 Loading and load combinations 836.4.6.2 Speeds to be considered 876.4.6.3 Bridge parameters .886.4.6.4 Modelling the excitation and dynamic behaviour of the structure896.4.6.5 Verificati
37、ons of the limit states .916.4.6.6 Additional verification for fatigue where dynamic analysis is required .926.5 HORIZONTAL FORCES - CHARACTERISTIC VALUES936.5.1 Centrifugal forces.936.5.2 Nosing force .976.5.3 Actions due to traction and braking.976.5.4 Combined response of structure and track to v
38、ariable actions .986.5.4.1 General principles .986.5.4.2 Parameters affecting the combined response of the structure and track .996.5.4.3 Actions to be considered .1016.5.4.4 Modelling and calculation of the combined track/structure system1026.5.4.5 Design criteria .1046.5.4.6 Calculation methods105
39、6.6 AERODYNAMIC ACTIONS FROM PASSING TRAINS 1086.6.1 General.1086.6.2 Simple vertical surfaces parallel to the track (e.g. noise barriers)109BS EN 1991-2:2003EN 1991-2:2003 (E)56.6.3 Simple horizontal surfaces above the track (e.g. overhead protectivestructures)1106.6.4 Simple horizontal surfaces ad
40、jacent to the track (e.g. platform canopies withno vertical wall) 1116.6.5 Multiple-surface structures alongside the track with vertical and horizontalor inclined surfaces (e.g. bent noise barriers, platform canopies with vertical wallsetc.)1126.6.6 Surfaces enclosing the structure gauge of the trac
41、ks over a limited length (upto 20 m) (horizontal surface above the tracks and at least one vertical wall, e.g.scaffolding, temporary constructions).1126.7 DERAILMENT AND OTHER ACTIONS FOR RAILWAY BRIDGES .1136.7.1 Derailment actions from rail traffic on a railway bridge 1136.7.2 Derailment under or
42、adjacent to a structure and other actions for AccidentalDesign Situations 1156.7.3 Other actions1156.8 APPLICATION OF TRAFFIC LOADS ON RAILWAY BRIDGES 1156.8.1 General.1156.8.2 Groups of Loads - Characteristic values of the multicomponent action .1186.8.3 Groups of Loads - Other representative value
43、s of the multicomponent actions.1206.8.3.1 Frequent values of the multicomponent actions1206.8.3.2 Quasi-permanent values of the multicomponent actions 1216.8.4 Traffic loads in Transient Design Situations .1216.9 TRAFFIC LOADS FOR FATIGUE.121ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) MODELS OF SPECIAL VEHICLES FOR ROAD
44、BRIDGES.123A.1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION123A.2 BASIC MODELS OF SPECIAL VEHICLES123A.3 APPLICATION OF SPECIAL VEHICLE LOAD MODELS ON THE CARRIAGEWAY125ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) FATIGUE LIFE ASSESSMENT FOR ROADBRIDGES ASSESSMENT METHOD BASED ON RECORDED TRAFFIC 128ANNEX C (NORMATIVE) DYNAMIC FACTORS
45、1 + G02 FOR REAL TRAINS.132ANNEX D (NORMATIVE) BASIS FOR THE FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OFRAILWAY STRUCTURES .134D.1 ASSUMPTIONS FOR FATIGUE ACTIONS134D.2 GENERAL DESIGN METHOD135D.3 TRAIN TYPES FOR FATIGUE 135ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) LIMITS OF VALIDITY OF LOAD MODELHSLM AND THE SELECTION OF THE CRITICAL UNIVE
46、RSAL TRAINFROM HSLM-A141E.1 LIMITS OF VALIDITY OF LOAD MODEL HSLM.141E.2 SELECTION OF A UNIVERSAL TRAIN FROM HSLM-A.142ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) CRITERIA TO BE SATISFIED IF A DYNAMICANALYSIS IS NOT REQUIRED150BS EN 1991-2:2003EN 1991-2:2003 (E)6ANNEX G (INFORMATIVE) METHOD FOR DETERMINING THECOMBINED RE
47、SPONSE OF A STRUCTURE AND TRACK TO VARIABLEACTIONS.155G.1 INTRODUCTION155G.2 LIMITS OF VALIDITY OF CALCULATION METHOD155G.3 STRUCTURES CONSISTING OF A SINGLE BRIDGE DECK156G.4 STRUCTURES CONSISTING OF A SUCCESSION OF DECKS162ANNEX H (INFORMATIVE) LOAD MODELS FOR RAIL TRAFFIC LOADS INTRANSIENT DESIGN
48、 SITUATIONS .164BS EN 1991-2:2003EN 1991-2:2003 (E)7ForewordThis document (EN 1991-2:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 “Structural Eurocodes“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either bypublication
49、of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2004, andconflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by 20 .This document supersedes ENV 1991-3:1995.CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.Background of the Eurocode ProgrammeIn 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programmein the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of theprogramme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation oftechnical specifications.Within this action programme,
