1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58resistance Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelinesThe European Standard EN 1998-4:2006 has the status of
2、 a British StandardICS 91.120.25Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1998-4:2006BS EN 1998-4:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49272 9Amendments issued si
3、nce publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. National forewordThis British Standard was
4、 published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 1998-4:2006. It supersedes DD ENV 1998-4:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/8, Structures in seismic regions.
5、A list of organizations represented on B/525/8 can be obtained on request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1998-4July 2006ICS 91.120.25 Supersedes ENV 1998-4:1998 English VersionEurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance -Part 4: Silos, tanks and pi
6、pelinesEurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur rsistance auxsismes - Partie 4: Silos, rservoirs et canalisationsEurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben -Teil 4: Silos, Tankbauwerke und RohrleitungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 May 2006.CEN members are bound to co
7、mply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Sec
8、retariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offic
9、ialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
10、Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.
11、Ref. No. EN 1998-4:2006: EEN 1998-4:2006 (E) Contents FOREWORD 1 GENERAL 8 1.1 SCOPE 8 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 9 1.2.1 General reference standards 9 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS 10 1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS RULES . 10 1.5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS. 10 1.5.1 General. 10 1.5.2 Terms common t
12、o all Eurocodes 10 1.5.3 Further terms used in EN 1998 10 1.5.4 Further terms used in EN 1998-4. 10 1.6 SYMBOLS . 10 1.7 S.I. UNITS 11 2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES. 13 2.1 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. 13 2.1.1 General. 13 2.1.2 Ultimate limit state . 13 2.1.3 Damage limitation state . 14 2.1.4
13、 Reliability differentiation . 15 2.1.5 System versus element reliability 16 2.1.6 Conceptual design 16 2.2 SEISMIC ACTION. 17 2.3 ANALYSIS 17 2.3.1 Methods of analysis 17 2.3.2 Interaction with the soil 18 2.3.3 Damping. 19 2.3.3.1 Structural damping 19 2.3.3.2 Contents damping19 2.3.3.3 Foundation
14、 damping19 2.3.3.4 Weighted damping.19 2.4 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS 19 2.5 SAFETY VERIFICATIONS . 20 2.5.1 General. 20 2.5.2 Combinations of seismic action with other actions 20 3 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR SILOS 22 3.1 INTRODUCTION 22 3.2 COMBINATION OF GROUND MOTION COMPONENTS 22 3.3 A
15、NALYSIS OF SILOS 23 3.4 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS 25 3.5 VERIFICATIONS 26 3.5.1 Damage limitation state . 26 3.5.2 Ultimate limit state . 26 3.5.2.1 Global stability 26 3.5.2.2 Shell.26 3.5.2.3 Anchors .27 3.5.2.4 Foundations .27 4 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR TANKS 28 4.1 COMPLIANCE CRITER
16、IA 28 4.1.1 General. 28 4.1.2 Damage limitation state . 28 4.1.3 Ultimate limit state . 28 4.2 COMBINATION OF GROUND MOTION COMPONENTS 29 2 EN 1998-4:2006 (E) 4.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS . 29 4.3.1 General. 29 4.3.2 Hydrodynamic effects. 29 4.4 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS 30 4.5 VERIFICATIONS 31 4.5.1 Damage limi
17、tation state . 31 4.5.1.1 General 31 4.5.1.2 Shell.31 4.5.1.3 Piping 31 4.5.2 Ultimate limit state . 31 4.5.2.1 Stability .31 4.5.2.2 Shell.31 4.5.2.3 Piping 32 4.5.2.4 Anchorages32 4.5.2.5 Foundations .32 4.6 COMPLEMENTARY MEASURES 32 4.6.1 Bunding 32 4.6.2 Sloshing 33 4.6.3 Piping interaction. 33
18、5 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR ABOVE-GROUND PIPELINES34 5.1 GENERAL . 34 5.2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. 34 5.2.1 Damage limitation state . 34 5.2.2 Ultimate limit state . 35 5.3 SEISMIC ACTION. 35 5.3.1 General. 35 5.3.2 Seismic action for inertia movements. 35 5.3.3 Differential movement
19、 35 5.4 METHODS OF ANALYSIS . 35 5.4.1 Modelling . 36 5.4.2 Analysis 36 5.5 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS 36 5.6 VERIFICATIONS 37 6 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR BURIED PIPELINES 38 6.1 GENERAL . 38 6.2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. 38 6.2.1 Damage limitation state . 38 6.2.2 Ultimate limit state . 38 6.
20、3 SEISMIC ACTION. 38 6.3.1 General. 38 6.3.2 Seismic action for inertia movements. 39 6.3.3 Modelling of seismic waves 39 6.3.4 Permanent soil movements. 39 6.4 METHODS OF ANALYSIS (WAVE PASSAGE) . 40 6.5 VERIFICATIONS 40 6.5.1 General. 40 6.5.2 Buried pipelines on stable soil . 40 6.5.3 Buried pipe
21、lines under differential ground movements (welded steel pipes) . 41 6.6 DESIGN MEASURES FOR FAULT CROSSINGS 41 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE). 43 SEISMIC ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR TANKS . 43 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) . 79 BURIED PIPELINES 79 3EN 1998-4:2006 (E) Foreword This European Standard EN 1998-4, Eurocode 8
22、: Design of structures for earthquake resistance: Silos, tanks and pipelines, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status
23、of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This document supersedes ENV 1998-4: 1997. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the Nation
24、al Standard Organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portu
25、gal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimin
26、ation of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonization of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonized technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to th
27、e national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European code
28、s in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status o
29、f European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/E
30、EC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts: 1Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the
31、 European Committee for Standardization (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). 4 EN 1998-4:2006 (E) EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete str
32、uctures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structur
33、es for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognize the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these conti
34、nue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognize that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes: as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements
35、of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N2 - Safety in case of fire; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; as a framework for drawing up harmonized
36、technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonized produc
37、t standards3. Therefore, technical 2According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3According to Art. 12 o
38、f the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement
39、with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etB. ; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of
40、the ER 1 and a part of ER 2. 5EN 1998-4:2006 (E) aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Euroc
41、odes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert conside
42、ration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National forewor
43、d, and may be followed by a National annex (informative). The National annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be c
44、onstructed in the country concerned, i.e. : values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map, the procedure to be used where alternative procedures a
45、re given in the Eurocode. It may also contain decisions on the application of informative annexes, references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode. Links between Eurocodes and harmonized technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for products There is
46、a need for consistency between the harmonized technical specifications for construction products and the technical rules for works4. Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes shall clearly mention which Nationally Determined Pa
47、rameters have been taken into account. Additional information specific to EN 1998-4 The scope of EN 1998 is defined in 1.1.1 of EN 1998-1: 2004. The scope of this Part of EN 1998 is defined in 1.1. Additional Parts of Eurocode 8 are listed in EN 1998-1: 2004, 1.1.3. 4See Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CP
48、D, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1. 6 EN 1998-4:2006 (E) EN 1998-4:2006 is intended for use by: clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requirements on reliability levels and durability) ; designers and constructors ; relevant authorities. For the design of structure
49、s in seismic regions the provisions of this European Standard are to be applied in addition to the provisions of the other relevant parts of Eurocode 8 and the other relevant Eurocodes. In particular, the provisions of this European Standard complement those of EN 1991-4, EN 1992-3, EN 1993-4-1, EN 1993-4-2 and EN 1993-4-3, which do not cover the special requirements of seismic design. National annex for EN 1998-4 This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with notes indi
