1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 410:2011Glass in building Determination of luminous andsolar characteristics of glazingBS EN 410:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK imple
2、mentation of EN 410:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 410:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/520/4, Properties and glazing methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publicati
3、on does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 71227 2ICS 81.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authori
4、ty of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 410:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 410 February 2011 ICS 81.040.20 Supersedes EN 410:1998English Version Glass in building - Determination of luminous
5、and solar characteristics of glazing Verre dans la construction - Dtermination des caractristiques lumineuses et solaires des vitrages Glas im Bauwesen - Bestimmung der lichttechnischen und strahlungsphysikalischen Kenngren von Verglasungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 201
6、1. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained o
7、n application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENE
8、LEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta
9、, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploi
10、tation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 410:2011: EBS EN 410:2011EN 410:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols 65 Determination of characteristics 85.1 General 85.2 Li
11、ght transmittance85.3 Light reflectance . 115.4 Total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) . 125.4.1 Calculation . 125.4.2 Division of incident solar radiant flux. 125.4.3 Solar direct transmittance . 145.4.4 Solar direct reflectance 145.4.5 Solar direct absorptance 145.4.6 Secondary heat trans
12、fer factor towards the inside . 145.5 UV-transmittance 195.6 Colour rendering . 195.7 Shading coefficient . 226 Expression of results . 237 Test report . 23Annex A (normative) Procedures for calculation of the spectral characteristics of glass plates with a different thickness and/or colour 33Annex
13、B (normative) Procedure for calculation of the spectral characteristics of laminated glass 38Annex C (informative) Procedure for calculation of the spectral characteristics of screen printed glass . 59Annex D (informative) Example of calculation of colour rendering index . 60Bibliography . 64BS EN 4
14、10:2011EN 410:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 410:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 129 “Glass in building”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by en
15、dorsement, at the latest by August 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for iden
16、tifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 410:1998. The main changes compared to the previous edition are: a) A procedure is provided for the calculation of the spectral properties of laminated glass. b) A formula is introduced for determining the total shading coefficient.
17、c) Table 3 has been updated to make it more practical. d) Table 6 has been updated in line with the 2004 edition of the publication CIE No 15. e) The external and internal heat transfer coefficients have been amended slightly to reflect changes to EN 673. f) Guidance is also given on how to determin
18、e the spectral characteristics of screen printed glass. g) New drawings have been introduced for improved clarity and to conform with CEN rules. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential req
19、uirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gre
20、ece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 410:2011EN 410:2011 (E) 4 Introduction While this European Standard presents the formulae for the exac
21、t calculations of the spectral characteristics of glazing, it does not consider the uncertainty of the measurements necessary to determine the spectral parameters that are used in the calculations. It should be noted that, for simple glazing systems where few measurements are required, the uncertain
22、ty of the results will be satisfactory if correct measurements procedures have been followed. When the glazing systems become complex and a large number of measurements are required to determine the spectral parameters, the uncertainty is cumulative with the number of measurements and should be cons
23、idered in the final results. The term interface used in this European Standard, is considered to be a surface characterized by its transmission and reflections of light intensities. That is, the interaction with light is incoherent, all phase information being lost. In the case of thin films (not de
24、scribed in this European Standard), interfaces are characterized by transmission and reflections of light amplitudes, i.e. the interaction with light is coherent and phase information is available. Finally, for clarity, a coated interface can be described as having one or more thin films, but the en
25、tire stack of thin films is characterized by its resulting transmission and reflection of light intensities. In Annex B, the procedure for the calculation of spectral characteristics of laminated glass makes specific reference to coated glass. The same procedure can be adopted for filmed glass (e.g.
26、 adhesive backed polymeric film applied to glass). BS EN 410:2011EN 410:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods of determining the luminous and solar characteristics of glazing in buildings. These characteristic can serve as a basis for lighting, heating and cooling calculations
27、of rooms and permit comparison between different types of glazing. This European Standard applies both to conventional glazing and to absorbing or reflecting solar-control glazing, used as vertical or horizontal glazed apertures. The appropriate formulae for single, double and triple glazing are giv
28、en. This European Standard is accordingly applicable to all transparent materials except those which show significant transmission in the wavelength region 5 m to 50 m of ambient temperature radiation, such as certain plastic materials. Materials with light-scattering properties for incident radiati
29、on are dealt with as conventional transparent materials subject to certain conditions (see 5.2). Angular light and solar properties of glass in building are excluded from this standard. However, research work in this area is summarised in Bibliography 1, 2 and 3. 2 Normative references The following
30、 referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 673, Glass in building Determination of thermal transmittan
31、ce (U value) Calculation method EN 674, Glass in building Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) Guarded hot plate method EN 675, Glass in building Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) Heat flow meter method EN 12898, Glass in building Determination of the emissivity 3 Terms an
32、d definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 light transmittance fraction of the incident light that is transmitted by the glass 3.2 light reflectance fraction of the incident light that is reflected by the glass 3.3 total solar energy transmittance
33、 (solar factor) fraction of the incident solar radiation that is totally transmitted by the glass BS EN 410:2011EN 410:2011 (E) 6 3.4 solar direct transmittance fraction of incident solar radiation that is directly transmitted by the glass 3.5 normal emissivity ratio, in a direction normal to the su
34、rface, of the emissive power of the surface of the glass to the emissive power of a black body NOTE Normal emissivity is determined in accordance with EN 12898. 3.6 solar direct reflectance fraction of the incident solar radiation that is reflected by the glass 3.7 ultraviolet transmittance fraction
35、 of the incident UV component of the solar radiation that is transmitted by the glass 3.8 colour rendering index (in transmission) change in colour of an object as a result of the light being transmitted by the glass 3.9 shading coefficient ratio of the solar factor of the glass to the solar factor
36、of a reference glass (clear float) 4 Symbols Sym. Deutsch/German/Allemand Englisch/English/Anglais Franzsisch/French/Franais D65 Normlichtart D65 standard illuminant D65 illuminant normalis D65 UV Ultravioletter Strahlungsbereich ultraviolet radiation rayonnement ultraviolet UVUltravioletter Transmi
37、ssionsgrad ultraviolet transmittance facteur de transmission de lultraviolet Spektraler Transmissionsgrad spectral transmittance facteur de transmission spectrale Spektraler Reflexionsgrad spectral reflectance facteur de rflexion spectrale Lichtransmissionsgrad light transmittance facteur de transmi
38、ssion lumineuse Lichtreflexionsgrad light reflectance facteur de rflexion lumineuse direkter Strahlungstrans- missionsgrad solar direct transmittance facteur de transmission directe de lnergie solaire direkter Strahlungs- reflexionsgrad solar direct reflectance facteur de rflexion directe de lnergie
39、 solaire BS EN 410:2011EN 410:2011 (E) 7 Gesamtenergiedurchla- grad total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) facteur de transmission totale de lnergie solaire ou facteur solaire Raallgemeiner Farbwieder- gabeindex general colour rendering index indice gnral de rendu des couleurs Drelative spe
40、ktrale Vertei- lung der Normlichtart D65 relative spectral distribution of illuminant D65 rpartition spectrale relative de lilluminant normalis D65 V( )spektraler Hellempfindlich- keitsgrad spectral luminous efficiency efficacit lumineuse relative spectrale direkter Strahlungsabsorp tionsgrad solar
41、direct absorptance facteur dabsorption directe de lnergie solaire Strahlungsleistung (Strahlungsflu) incident solar radiant flux flux nergtique solaire incident sekundrer Wrmeabgabe- grad nach innen secondary internal heat transfer factor facteur de rmission thermique vers lintrieur sekundrer Wrme-
42、abgabegrad nach auen secondary external heat transfer factor facteur de rmission thermique vers lextrieur relative spektrale Vertei- lung der Sonnenstrahlung relative spectral distribution of solar radiation rpartition spectrale relative du rayonnement solaire Wrmebergangs- koeffizient nach auen ext
43、ernal heat transfer coefficient coefficient dchange thermique extrieur Wrmebergangs- koeffizient nach innen internal heat transfer coefficient coefficient dchange thermique intrieur korrigierter Emissionsgrad corrected emissivity missivit corrige nnormaler Emissionsgrad normal emissivity missivit no
44、rmale Wrmedurchlakoeffizient thermal conductance conductance thermique Wellenlnge wavelength longueur donde Wellenlngenintervall wavelength interval intervalle de longueur donde relative spektrale Vertei- Lung der UV-Strahlung der Sonne relative spectral distribution of UV in solar radiation rpartit
45、ion spectrale relative du rayonnement ultraviolet solaire SC Durchlassfaktor shading coefficient coefficient dombrage BS EN 410:2011EN 410:2011 (E) 8 5 Determination of characteristics 5.1 General The characteristics are determined for quasi-parallel, near normal radiation incidence (see Bibliograph
46、y, 4) using the radiation distribution of illuminant D65 (see Table 1), solar radiation in accordance with Table 2 and ultraviolet (UV) radiation in accordance with Table 3. The characteristics are as follows: the spectral transmittance and the spectral reflectancein the wavelength range from 300 nm
47、 to 2500 nm; the light transmittance and the light reflectance for illuminant D65; the solar direct transmittance and the solar direct reflectance ; the total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) g ; the UV-transmittance ; the general colour rendering index Ra; the total shading coefficient, SC
48、. To characterize glazing, the principal parameters are and g; the other parameters are optional to provide additional information. If the value of a given characteristic is required for different glass thicknesses (in the case of uncoated glass) or for the same coating applied to different substrat
49、es, it can be obtained by calculation (in accordance with Annex A). A procedure for the calculation of the spectral characteristics of laminated glass is given in Annex B. Guidelines on determining the spectral characteristics of screen printed glass are given in Annex C. 5.2 Light transmittance The light transmittance of the glazing is calculated using the following formula: (1) whe
