1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 993-10 : 1998 BS 19
2、02-5.10 : 1998 The European Standard EN 993-10 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 10. Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heatingThis Br
3、itish Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1998 BSI 1998 ISBN 0 580 28826 9 BS EN 993-10 : 1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date
4、Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 993-10 : 1997 published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedes BS 1902 : Part 5 : Section 5.10 : 1986 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T
5、echnical Committee RPI/1/1, Sampling and physical testing of refractory materials, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interest
6、s informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred
7、 to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligati
8、ons. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7, and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brusse
9、ls 1997 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and its members Ref. No. EN 993-10 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 993-10 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM November 1997 ICS 81.080 Descriptors: Refractory materials, shaped refractories, dense shaped
10、refractory products, tests, thermal tests, determination, dimensional stability, procedure English version Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating Me thodes dessai pour produits re fractaires faonne s denses Partie 10:
11、De termination de la variation permanente de dimensions sous laction de la chaleur Pru fverfahren fu r dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse Teil 10: Bestimmung der bleibenden La ngena nderung nach Temperatureinwirkung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 October 1997. CEN members are b
12、ound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the
13、 Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same statu
14、s as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 993-10 : 1997 BSI 1998
15、 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187, Refractory Products and materials, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at
16、the latest by May 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
17、 Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. It is closely based on the corresponding International Standard, ISO 2478, Dense shaped refractory products Determination of permanent ch
18、ange in dimensions on heating, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Reproducibility and repeatability data are not available at present but may be included in a subsequent edition. EN 993, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products consists of 18 Parts: Pa
19、rt 1: Determination of bulk density and porosity of dense shaped products Part 2: Determination of true density Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength Part 6: Determination of modulus rupt
20、ure at ambient temperature Part 7: Determination of modulus rupture at elevated temperatures Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load Part 9: Determination of creep in compression Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating Part 11: Determination of resistance to th
21、ermal shock (ENV) Part 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent Part 13: Specification for pyrometric cones Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, cross-array) Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel) Part 16: Determination of resistance to acids
22、Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular material (mercury method) Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular material (water method) Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 3 5 Apparatus 3 6 Test pieces 5 7 Procedure 5 8 Expression o
23、f results 7 9 Test report 7Page 3 EN 993-10 : 1997 BSI 1998 1 Scope This European Standard describes three methods for the determination of the permanent change in dimensions on heating of dense shaped refractory products. NOTE. The method can be applied to materials sensitive to oxidation. However,
24、 some of these materials can be affected during the test in such a way as to make the measurement of the dimensional changes impossible to carry out to the required accuracy. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
25、 These normative references are cited at appropriate places in the text and the publications listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated r
26、eferences the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 993-1: Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity. ISO 3611: Micrometer callipers for external measurement. 3 Definitions For the purposes of t
27、his European Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 permanent change in dimensions on heating The expansion or contraction that remains in a shaped refractory product that is heated to a specified temperature for a specified time and then cooled to ambient temperature. 3.2 dense shaped refra
28、ctory products A refractory product having a true porosity of less than 45 % (V/V) when measured in accordance with EN 993-1. 4 Principle Test pieces in the shape of rectangular prisms or cylinders are cut from each brick or item, then dried, and their linear dimensions (Methods 1 and 2) or volume (
29、Method 3) measured. The test pieces are heated in a furnace having an oxidizing atmosphere at a prescribed rate to a specified temperature, which is maintained for a specified time. After cooling to ambient temperature, the measurements on the test pieces are repeated, and the permanent change in di
30、mensions or volume is calculated. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Furnace, either electric or gas-fired, capable of heating the test pieces described in clause 6,i na continuously oxidizing atmosphere, at the specified rate (see 7.6), and of maintaining the test temperature for the required time. NOTE. The use of a
31、n electric furnace is recommended, but a gas-fired furnace may be used provided that the furnace atmosphere is continuously oxidizing and there is provision for monitoring this condition. 5.2 Thermocouples, a minimum of three, to measure the temperature and the temperature distribution over the spac
32、e occupied by the test pieces. 5.3 Temperature/time registration device, for use in conjunction with the thermocouples (5.2), so that a continuous record of the temperature is obtained. 5.4 Length measuring device 5.4.1 General. Two measuring devices may be used, either the dial gauge apparatus (Met
33、hod 1) or vernier callipers (Method 2). Method 1 shall be used as a reference method. 5.4.2 Dial gauge apparatus (Method 1), consisting of a dial gauge or micrometer with an accuracy of 0,01 mm, mounted on a stand which has a surface ground base plate (see figure 1), and a test piece carrier (see fi
34、gure 2), with three studs to support the test piece and two pins to locate it. The dimensions of the locating pins shall be as shown in figure 2. The under surface of the carrier shall be ground flat. A diagonal mark shall be inscribed at one corner to enable a rectangular test piece to be placed sy
35、mmetrically on the studs. A cylinder of known length shall be used to calibrate the device. The carrier shall be used to support and locate the test piece so that measurements with the dial gauge or micrometer before and after firing are made at the same points on the test piece surface. 5.4.3 Verni
36、er callipers (Method 2), in accordance with ISO 3611. 5.5 Volume measuring device (Method 3), of the water displacement type, the bulk volume being determined in accordance with the method specified in EN 993-1. 5.6 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (110 5)8C, which shall be fan-assisted a
37、nd shall have openings which permit efficient ventilation.Page 4 EN 993-10 : 1997 BSI 1998 6 20 R 6 Detail of rounding-off studs, point of dial gauge and locating pins 85 100 200 205 30 1 2 Dimensions in millimetres Carrier (see figure 2) Base plate Figure 1. Length-measuring device (Method 1) (Plan
38、 view)Page 5 EN 993-10 : 1997 BSI 1998 6 Test pieces The number of items tested and the number of test pieces per item, shall be by agreement between the parties. NOTE 1. It is recommended that only one test piece should be taken from each item. Test pieces shall be in the form of either: a) rectang
39、ular prisms, 50 mm3 50 mm3 60 mm; or b) cylinders, 50 mm diameter and 60 mm long. Tolerances on all dimensions shall be 2mm. NOTE 2. The 60 mm dimension should coincide with the direction of the forming pressure during manufacture if this direction is known. The position of each test piece in the br
40、ick shall be recorded. The 50 mm3 50 mm faces of the prism, or the ends of the cylinder, shall be ground plane and parallel before the test. Each test piece shall be identified by appropriate marking. 7 Procedure 7.1 Drying of the test pieces Dry each test piece in the drying oven (5.6) at (110 5)8C
41、 to constant mass. 7.2 Measurement of test pieces 7.2.1 Linear measurement by dial gauge apparatus (Method 1) Calibrate the length-measuring device (5.4) using the cylinder of known length. Place the test piece on the carrier, with the 60 mm dimension vertical. For rectangular test pieces, align one
42、 corner with the diagonal mark on the carrier, and mark this corner so that the test piece may be placed in the same position for measurement after firing. Mark cylindrical test pieces adjacent to the diagonal mark. Measure the length of the test piece in four positions, to an accuracy of 0,01 mm, b
43、y moving the carrier with the test piece over the base plate. For rectangular test pieces, the four positions are located on the diagonals, between 20 mm and 25 mm from each corner. For cylindrical test pieces, the positions are 10 mm to 15 mm from the perimeter, on two diameters at right angles. Re
44、cord each measuring point. 7.2.2 Linear measurement by vernier callipers (Method 2) Measure the length of the test piece using the vernier callipers (5.4.3) to an accuracy of 0,02 mm. Measure the length at three positions using the measuring points shown in figure 3. Mark the positions at which the
45、measurements are made, either with refractory paint or by cutting small grooves across the edges of the test pieces (see figure 3). NOTE. Sliding test pieces in and out of the jaws of callipers can lead to wear of the surface of the jaws, although such an effect will be reduced because the length ch
46、ange is calculated by the difference of two measurements made with the same callipers. To minimize such wear, the test pieces should be placed carefully in the open jaws in contact with the upper fixed jaw, and the lower jaw moved up until contact is made. 7.2.3 Volume measurement (Method 3) Determi
47、ne the bulk density of the test piece in accordance with EN 993-1. Calculate the bulk volume, V B , in cubic centimetres, from the measurements taken, using the following equation: V B = m 2 2 m 1 r liq where m 1 is the apparent mass of the immersed test piece in grams; m 2 is the mass of the soaked
48、 test piece in grams; r liq is the density of the immersion liquid in grams per cubic centimetre. 7.3 Mounting of test pieces in the furnace Place the test pieces in the furnace (5.1), each one resting on one of its 50 mm3 50 mm faces (for prisms) or on end (for cylinders), and protected from direct
49、 radiation in an electrically heated furnace or from the flame of the gas burner in a gas-fired furnace. Do not superimpose test pieces one on another. To allow free circulation of the hot gases, the test pieces shall be separated from each other by a distance of not less than 20 mm, and shall be not nearer than 50 mm to the walls of the furnace. The test pieces shall be placed in the furnace on bricks, 30 mm to 65 mm thick, of the same material as the test pieces, the bricks being laid f
