1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13147:2001 Copper and copper alloys Determination of residual stresses in the border area of slit strip The European Standard EN 13147:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 77.150.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 13147:2001
2、 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2001 BSI 06-2001 ISBN 0 580 37088 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English lang
3、uage version of EN 13147:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee NFE/34, Copper and copper alloys, to Subcommittee NFE/34/1, Wrought and unwrought copper and copper alloys, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcomm
4、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by u
5、sing the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immuni
6、ty from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summ
7、ary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comment
8、sEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN13147 April2001 ICS77.150.30 Englishversion CopperandcopperalloysDeterminationofresidualstressesin theborderareaofslitstrip CuivreetalliagesdecuivreDterminationdescontraintes rsiduellessurlesrivesdesbandescisailles KupferundKupferlegierungenBestimmun
9、gvon RestspannungenimSchnittkantenbereichvonBndern ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon8March2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographic
10、alreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheMana
11、gementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIO
12、N COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2001CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN13147:2001EPage2 EN13147:2001 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction. 4 1 Scope 4 2 Termsan
13、ddefinitions 4 3 Principle 4 4 Apparatus. 5 4.1 Equipmentfortestpiecepreparation 5 4.2 Measuringequipment . 5 Page 5 Preparationoftestpieces . 6 6 Procedure. 8 6 . 1 F i t t i n g t h e t e s t p i e c e 8 6 . 2 I n i t i a l p o s i t i o n . 8 6.3 Measuringtheangleofedgetwist b . 8 6.4 Measuringth
14、elongitudinalcurvature l . 10 6.5 Measuringthesidewayscurvature d 11 7 Testreport 12 AnnexA (normative)Specificationsforthe preparationoftestpieces 1 3Page3 EN13147:2001 Foreword ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC133“Copperandcopperalloys“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN
15、. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2001,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2001. Withinitsprogrammeofwork,TechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC133requestedCEN/TC133/WG2“Rolledflat
16、 products“topreparethefollowingstandard: EN13147, CopperandcopperalloysDeterminationofresidualstressesintheborderareaofslitstrip. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepubl
17、ic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden, SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.Page4 EN13147:2001 Introduction Rolledstripshaveresidualstressescausedbytheproductionprocesses.Thedirection,distributionandlevelofthe stressesdependonth
18、emachinery,thesequenceoftheselectedoperationsandonthematerial,themechanical propertiesandthedimensionsofthestrip. Theeffectsofstressesadjacenttotheslitedgeshavesignificantimportanceduringlaterprocessingstages,e.g. stamping.Thetestmethoddescribedbelow,istomeasuretheseeffectsunderspecialconditions. Th
19、isstandardisusedonlyasareferencemethodfordeterminationofresidualstressesandcanbeappliedonlyif thereisagreementbetweenthepurchaserandthesupplierthatthemethodisasuitablemeansfordeterminingthe influencethatthestressesdetectedwillhaveonsubsequentprocesses. 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesamethodfort
20、hedeterminationofresidualstressesintheareasadjacenttothe slitedgesofwroughtcopperandcopperalloystrip,bymeasurementoftheangleoftwist,longitudinalcurvatureand sidewayscurvatureoftestpiecescutfromstrip. 2 Termsanddefinitions Forthepurposesofthisstandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply: 2.1 strip f
21、latrolledproductofrectangularcrosssectionanduniformthicknessfrom0,08mmuptoandincluding0,80mm, suppliedlevelwoundascoils,ortraversewoundoncoresorspools,withslitedges.Thethicknessdoesnotexceed onetenthofthewidth 2.2 sidewayscurvature d displacementfromthefixedgaugelength Hofthedistortedtestpieceperpen
22、diculartotherollingdirectionandin theplaneofthestrip 2.3 longitudinalcurvature l displacementfromthefixedgaugelength Hofthedistortedtestpieceperpendiculartotherollingdirectionand perpendiculartotheplaneofthestrip 2.4 edgetwist b twistanglefromthefixedgaugelength Hofthedistortedtestpiece 3Principle T
23、estpiecesarecutinthedirectionofrollingfromtheareasadjacenttotheslitedgesofasamplestripaccording toasetprocedure.Atestpieceisclampedontheturntableofthemeasuringequipmentdescribedin4.2,andthe componentsofdistortion,i.e.sidewayscurvatured ,longitudinalcurvature l andedgetwist b ,causedbythe residualstr
24、esses,aremeasured.Page5 EN13147:2001 4Apparatus 4.1 Equipmentfortestpiecepreparation Sawing,stamping,etchingorwireerodingmaybeusedformakingtheslitsinthesamplingunit,subjectto agreementbetweenthepurchaserandthesupplier.Mostexperiencehasbeengainedusingthesawingmethodand itshouldbeusedasareferencemetho
25、dincasesofdispute(seeannexA). 4.2Measuringequipment Themeasuringequipment(seeFigure1)consistsofalightsourceemittingmainlyparallellight,aturntablecarrying thetestpieceholderwiththemeanstoensurethattheoriginalstripedgeisfittedontheaxisoftheturntable,a scaleshowingtheangularrotationoftheturntableandasc
26、reenwithanintegratedscaleatfixedheight H.Thezero pointofthescaleonthescreenislocatedattheintersectionofthehorizontalbottomlineofthescalewiththeaxis oftheturntable.Thedistance Xofthelightsourcefromthetestpieceholdershallbesignificantlygreaterthanthe distance Yofthetestpieceholdertothescreen,sothatacl
27、earprojectionofthetestpiececanbeseenonthe screen. NOTEToshowtheangularrotationoftheturntableitisadvisabletouseadigitaldisplayforthescale,whichiscalibrate dto permitdirectreadinginmillimetresofthedeflectionofthetestpiece. Key 1 lightsource; 2 turntablewithtestpieceholder; 3 stopforpositioningthetestp
28、iece; 4 testpiece; 5 screen; 6 scaleonthescreen; 7 rotationalaxisoftheturntable; 8 projectionofthetestpiece; H fixedgaugelength(equivalenttotheheightofthemonitorscaleabovetheupperedgeofthetestpiece holder); X distancebetweenthelightsourceandthetestpieceholder; Y distancebetweenthetestpieceholderandt
29、hescreen. Xshallbesignificantlygreaterthan Y. Figure1MeasuringequipmentPage6 EN13147:2001 5 Preparationoftestpieces Thefollowingmethodshallbeconsideredasoneoftheacceptablemethodsoftestpiecepreparation.Other methodsmaybeusedsubjecttoagreementbetweenthepurchaserandthesupplier,e.g.etching. Testsamplesw
30、ithlength lgreaterthan200mmbutlessthan300mmshallbecutfromtheshearedstriptobe tested,exactlyperpendiculartotherollingdirection,usingguillotineshears. Twoslitsofwidth g0,2mmto2,5mm,shallbesawn,etched,stampedorwireerodedoveralength s150 - 0 1 0 mm, paralleltotherollingdirection,andatadistance2mmto5mmfr
31、omeachedgeofthetestsample.Twotestpieces shallbecuttothebottomoftheslits,at45fromtheselongitudinaledges.Thelefthandandtherighthandtest piecesshallbemarkedaccordingly.Deformationoftestpiecesshallbeavoided. NOTEThepreparationofthetestpiecesisshowndiagrammaticallyinFigure2.Atypicalsawingmethodforprepari
32、ngtest piecesisdescribedinannexA.Page7 EN13147:2001 d 1 x 1 -( w 2 -z) d 2 x 2 -( w 2 -z) Key t thicknessofthestrip; w widthofthestrip; g widthofthesawcutpreferably0,2mmto2,5mm; l lengthofthesamplingunit; s lengthofthesawcut150 1 0 0 mm; z widthofthetestpiecepreferably4,5mm0,2mm; x 1 , x 2 distanceb
33、etweentheconstructionlineofthesamplingunitinthelongitudinaldirectionandthe projectionoftheinnercornerofthefreeendofthetestpieceontotheplaneofthesamplingunit; b edgetwist; l longitudinalcurvature; d 1 , d 2 sidewayscurvature. Figure2PreparationoftestpiecesandpossibledistortioninthesamplingunitPage8 E
34、N13147:2001 6Procedure 6.1 Fittingthetestpiece Thetestpieceshallbefittedwiththesquareendintothetestpieceholder(seeFigure1). 6.2Initialposition Theturntableshallbepositionedsothatitsangularrotationvalueis0.Thismeansthezerosettingoftheturntable wouldgivetheplaneofthetestpieceparalleltotherayoflight. 6
35、.3 Measuringtheangleofedgetwist b Fornonreflectingtestpieces,theturntableshallbeturneduntilthewidthoftheprojectionofthetestpieceonthe screenisassmallaspossible(seeFigure3). NOTEIntheidealcasetheprojectionwidthisequaltothetestpiecethickness. Forreflectingtestpieces,thereflectionofthetestpiecesurfacev
36、isibleonthescreenshallbebroughtexactlyinto linewiththeprojectionofthetestpiece. Oncetheseadjustmentshavebeencompleted,theangleofedgetwist b shallbereaddirectlyfromthescale showingtheangularrotationoftheturntable.Page9 EN13147:2001 Key 2turntablewiththetestpieceholder; 3stopforpositioningthetestpiece
37、; 4testpiece; 5screen; 6scaleonthescreen; 7rotationalaxisoftheturntable; 8projectionofthetestpiece; H fixedgaugelength; b edgetwist. Figure3Measuringtheangleofedgetwist b Page10 EN13147:2001 6.4 Measuringthelongitudinalcurvature l Thetestpieceholdershallremainintheinitialposition(turntableangularrot
38、ationvalue0).Thelongitudinal curvature l isthedistanceoftheprojectionofthetestpiecefromthescalezeropoint(seeFigure4). Key 2 turntablewiththetestpieceholder; 3 stopforpositioningthetestpiece; 4 testpiece; 5 screen; 6 scaleonthescreen; 7 rotationalaxisoftheturntable; 8 projectionofthetestpiece; H fixe
39、dgaugelength; l longitudinalcurvature. Figure4Measuringthelongitudinalcurvature l Page11 EN13147:2001 6.5 Measuringthesidewayscurvature d Theturntableisturnedthrough90fromtheinitialposition.Thesidewayscurvature d isthedistancefromthe projectionofthetestpiece(8)tothezeropointoftheintegratedscale(seeF
40、igure5). Key 2 turntablewiththetestpieceholder; 3 stopforpositioningthetestpiece; 4 testpiece; 5 screen; 6 scaleonthescreen; 7 rotationalaxisoftheturntable; 8 projectionofthetestpiece; H fixedgaugelength; d sidewayscurvature. Figure5Measuringthesidewayscurvature d Page12 EN13147:2001 7 Testreport Th
41、etestreportshallcontainatleastthefollowinginformation: referencetothisEuropeanStandard(EN13147); productdesignationoftheproducttested; stripthickness t; stripwidth w; measuredvalues b ,l ,d 1 and d 2 (thevaluesof l ,d 1 and d 2 roundedtothenearest1mm,thevaluesof b to thenearest1); fixedgaugelength H
42、.Page13 EN13147:2001 AnnexA (normative) Specificationsforthepreparationoftestpieces A.1General Thefollowingdetailsforasawanditsoperationhavebeenfoundtobesatisfactory. A.2Saw Acircularsawbenchwithtwogroovesparalleltothesawblade,tofunctionasguidesforamobileslidewhichis mountedlaterallyondeepgrooveball
43、bearings.Therearetwoclampingjawsonthetopoftheslidetoholdthe samplingunitwhichcanbemovedperpendicularlytothedirectionofmovementoftheslidealongcolumnguides. Thesamplingunitisfittedbymeansofparallelcutoutsinthejawsparalleltothesawblade,andclampedbymeans ofeccentriclevers.Theslideisfittedwithalateralstopinlinewiththesawbladesothattestpiecescanbecutin consistentlyequalwidthsfromtheleftandrightlongitudinaledgesofthesa
