1、BS EN13698-2:2009ICS 55.180.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPallet productionspecificationPart 2: Construction specification for1000 mm x 1200 mm flat wooden palletsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy an
2、d StrategyCommittee on 31 July 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 59693 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 13698-2:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13698-2:2009. Itsupersedes BS EN 13698-2:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation i
3、n its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PKW/0/-/11, Wood.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applic
4、ation.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 13698-2:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13698-2June 2009ICS 55.180.20 Supersedes EN 13698-2:2003 English VersionPallet production specification - Part 2: Constructionspecification for 10
5、00 mm x 1200 mm flat wooden palletsSpcification de produit pour les palettes - Partie 2 :Spcification de fabrication des palettes plates en bois, dedimensions 1000 mm x 1200 mmProduktspezifikation fr Paletten - Teil 2: Herstellung von 1000 mm x 1 200 mm-Flachpaletten aus HolzThis European Standard w
6、as approved by CEN on 27 May 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nation
7、alstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notif
8、ied to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
9、 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation
10、 in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13698-2:2009: EBS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Pallet types .64.1 Type 1 64.2 Type 2 65 Nominal and safe wo
11、rking loads 66 Construction .66.1 Materials .66.1.1 Timber species .66.1.2 Timber quality grade .66.1.3 Moisture content 66.1.4 Particle board .66.1.5 Fasteners 66.2 Design and manufacture .76.2.1 Component parts .76.2.2 Boards and blocks .86.2.3 Pallet assembly and fastener positions 96.3 General a
12、ssembly details 96.4 Assembly strength 126.4.1 Diagonal rigidity 126.4.2 Separation force 127 Inspections and marking . 12Annex A (normative) Materials . 13A.1 Timber 13A.2 Timber quality grade 13A.3 Particle board 14A.4 Fasteners . 16Annex B (informative) Wood shrinkage Comparative wood shrinkage/e
13、xpansion rates 19Annex C (normative) Joint separation test 20C.1 Test apparatus 20C.2 Test pieces 20C.3 Procedure 21C.4 Test results 21C.5 Report 21Annex D (normative) Preservatives General policy . 22Annex E (informative) Safe working load under different loading conditions General policy 23Bibliog
14、raphy . 24BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13698-2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
15、identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not b
16、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13698-2:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy
17、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (
18、E) 4 Introduction Tests on the perimeter base pallet and over 30 years of experience with the skid pallet in through transit of goods, have demonstrated that these designs of pallet comply with the relevant dimensional requirements and appropriate tests specified in certain standards. This certifies
19、 that the quality of the pallet is suitable for normal purposes as regards the physical stresses involved in distribution and handling. BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the manufacturing characteristics of flat re-usable wooden 1000 mm 1200 mm, double
20、deck, non-reversible, 4-way entry, 9 block skid and perimeter base pallets suitable for transport, storage, handling or exchange use. It also gives some requirements for manufacture and marking and addresses the issue of safety. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispens
21、able for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 717-1, Wood-based panels Determination of formaldehyde release Part 1: Formaldehyde emission b
22、y the chamber method EN 1087-1, Particleboards Determination of moisture resistance Part 1: Boil test EN 1310:1997, Round and sawn timber Method of measurement of features EN 12246:1999, Quality classification of timber used in pallets and packaging EN 13183-1, Moisture content of a piece of sawn ti
23、mber Part 1: Determination by oven dry method EN 13183-2, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance method EN 13382, Flat pallets for materials handling Principal dimensions EN ISO 445:1998, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary (ISO 445:1996) EN ISO
24、8611-1:2004, Pallets for materials handling Flat pallets Part 1: Test methods for flat pallets (ISO 8611-1:2004) ISO 3133, Wood Determination of ultimate strength in static bending 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 445:1998 and the f
25、ollowing apply. 3.1 stacking placing of pallets with unit loads, one upon the other, without recourse to intermediate shelves or racking 3.2 nominal load reference load capacity, in kilograms, assuming an uniformly distributed load 3.3 safe working load maximum load capacity, in kilograms, in a defi
26、ned loading situation 3.4 concentrated load load concentrated over an area between 30 % and 85 % of the pallet deck BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 6 3.5 uniformly distributed load load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet deck 3.6 solid load single, compact, rigid, homogeneous
27、load, covering approximately the complete surface of the pallet 4 Pallet types 4.1 Type 1 Re-useable wooden flat pallet, double deck, non-reversible, 4-way entry, skid pallet. 4.2 Type 2 Re-useable wooden flat pallet, double deck, non-reversible, 4-way entry, perimeter base pallet. 5 Nominal and saf
28、e working loads The nominal load of pallets conforming to this standard will be established by tests conducted under the review of EN ISO 8611. Annex E gives general information on safe working loads under different loading conditions. 6 Construction 6.1 Materials 6.1.1 Timber species Timber species
29、 are given in Annex A. 6.1.2 Timber quality grade The timber quality grade shall conform to A.2. 6.1.3 Moisture content Moisture content shall be determined in accordance with EN 13183-1 or EN 13183-2. At the time of delivery the moisture content of the component parts of the pallets shall not excee
30、d 22 %. The reference moisture content shall be 20 %. NOTE Dimensions at other moisture levels may be calculated using the correction factors given in Annex B. 6.1.4 Particle board High density, moisture resistant particle board conforming to A.3 is permitted for blocks. 6.1.5 Fasteners Pallets shal
31、l be assembled with fasteners conforming to A.4. BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 7 6.2 Design and manufacture 6.2.1 Component parts 6.2.1.1 Type 1: Skid pallet 1000 mm 1200 mm Component parts of the skid pallet 1000 mm 1200 mm shall conform to Table 1 and Figure 1. Table 1 Component parts for
32、the skid pallet 1000 mm 1200 mm Part aComponent a Number of componentsDimensions at 20% moisture content mm Length Width b Thickness b 1 top deck lead board 2 1200 3 145 73+22 20+2 intermediate top deck board 4 1200 3 100 3 22 20+3 central top deck board 1 1200 3 145 73+22 20+4 stringer board 3 1000
33、 3 145 73+25 20+5 bottom deck board 3 1200 3 145 73+22 20+6 block 9 145 73+145 73+78 13+7 nail 27 See A.4. 8 nail 27 9 nail or staples 36 aSee Figure 1. bSee Annex B. BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 8 6.2.1.2 Type 2: Perimeter base pallet 1000 mm 1200 mm Component parts of the perimeter base p
34、allet shall conform to Table 2 and Figure 2. Table 2 Component parts of perimeter base pallet 1000 mm 1200 mm Part a Component a Number of components Dimensions at 20 % moisture content mm Length Width b Thickness b 1 top deck lead and central top deck board 3 1200 3 120 3 22 20+2 Intermediate top d
35、eck board 2 1200 3 120 3 22 20+3 Intermediate top deck board 2 1200 3 100 3 22 20+4 stringer board 3 1000 3 145 53+22 20+5 bottom length deck board 3 1000 3 120 3 22 20+6 bottom width deck board 2 1000 3 100 3 22 20+7 block 9 145 53+120 3 98 2 8 square twisted or annular ring rolled nail 27 See A.4.
36、 9 square twisted or annular ring rolled nail 39 10 plain shank nail 36 a See Figure 2. b See Annex B. 6.2.2 Boards and blocks All boards and natural timber blocks shall be of one piece. The outer surfaces of the top and bottom decks shall be unplanned. The wood fibres of the outer skid blocks shall
37、 be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pallet. Blocks shall be of natural timber or particle board (see 6.1.4). BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 9 6.2.3 Pallet assembly and fastener positions 6.2.3.1 General All fasteners shall be driven in vertically, at a minimum of 20 mm from the edges
38、 of the boards, and, for particle board blocks, a minimum of 20 mm from the centre hole if present. Fasteners shall not be inserted parallel to the wood grain (which may split the board or block) and shall be spaced as far apart as possible. Nail heads shall not protrude above the surface of the boa
39、rd (this also applies after drying the pallet) or be sunk below the board surface by more than 3 mm. Fasteners shall not pierce the sides of blocks. No splits resulting from nailing shall be visible on the blocks or boards after assembly. 6.2.3.2 Assembly deck board: block For each block, a minimum
40、of three nails shall be used on both the top and bottom surfaces. The bottom deck length board of the perimeter base pallet shall be fixed to the outer blocks with two nails. 6.2.3.3 Assembly top deck board: stringer board A minimum of three fasteners shall be used for fixing each intermediate top d
41、eck board to a stringer board. Any fastener protruding below the stringer board shall be bent back. NOTE A staple is considered to be a single fastener. 6.3 General assembly details General assembly details of the pallets, including dimensions and tolerances, shall conform to Table 3 and to Figure 1
42、 for skid pallet and to Figure 2 for perimeter base pallet. The chamfering of the bottom deck boards shall be on all bottom deck boards. All dimensions shall be in conformity with EN 13382. Table 3 General assembly Overall tolerances in millimetres Dimension ToleranceLength 1200 3 Width 1000 3 Heigh
43、t of skid pallet 147 70+Height of perimeter base pallet 164 82+NOTE Height tolerances are the sum of the tolerances of the individual components. BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 10 Dimensions in millimetres 2222222587 1954623100 3103 31 000 31 200 378zz14510 x 45 15 x 45 578 423678 52314514514
44、5145100100100100145AAA - A145 145 145=Key See Table 1. Figure 1 General assembly details, skid pallet BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 11 Dimensions in millimetres Key See Table 2. Figure 2 General assembly, perimeter base pallet BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 12 6.4 Assembly strength 6.
45、4.1 Diagonal rigidity Test for diagonal rigidity in accordance with EN ISO 8611-1:2004 (Test No 10) on three pallets with six corner drops on each pallet (same corner throughout). The drop height shall be 1 m. After the test, the pallets shall not be distorted by more than 3 % of the initial value (
46、measured as the mean distortion for all three pallets). 6.4.2 Separation force The joints of the pallet shall be tested using the joint separation test in accordance with Annex C. The arithmetic mean of the recorded separation force, and at least 75 % of all recordings, shall be equal to or higher t
47、han the following: a) block/stringer board/top deck board: 5,5 kN; b) block/bottom deck board: 5,5 kN; c) stringer board/intermediate top deck board: 3,0 kN. 7 Inspections and marking Before delivery, pallets shall be inspected for quality. Pallets in conformity with this standard shall be marked on
48、 the outer side of the centre block with the number of this European Standard, the mark of the country and of the manufacturer. NOTE 1 Pallets used in pooling or exchange systems may be marked in accordance with the guidelines defined at the pooling or exchange system. NOTE 2 Pallets manufactured in
49、 conformity with this standard may be required to comply with National Authority marking requirements. NOTE 3 Plant Health recommendations are constantly under review and pallets may need to be marked accordingly. BS EN 13698-2:2009EN 13698-2:2009 (E) 13 Annex A (normative) Materials A.1 Timber A.1.1 General Pallets s
