1、BS EN 14081-1:2016Timber structures Strengthgraded structural timber withrectangular cross sectionPart 1: General requirementsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 14081-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implement
2、ation of EN 14081-1:2016. It supersedes BS EN 14081-4:2009 and BS EN 14081-1:2005+A1:2011, which are withdrawn. It partially supersedes BS 4978:2007+A1:2011, specifically Clause 7 and Table 1.The UK committee took an active part in developing this edition of EN 14081-1. They do however disagree with
3、 what has been included in this standard for strength graded timber with only package marking. National Annex NA of this document confirms the committees position on strength graded timber marked according to Method B (package marking). It also provides guidance on the CE marking and documentation r
4、equirements set out by this standard and the Construction Products Regulation (EU) No 305/2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/518, Structural timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This
5、publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84078 4ICS 79.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immun
6、ity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14081-1:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14081-1 February 201
7、6 ICS 79.040 Supersedes EN 14081-1:2005+A1:2011, EN 14081-4:2009English Version Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section - Part 1: General requirements Structures en bois - Bois de structure section rectangulaire class pour sa rsistance - Partie 1 : Exigen
8、ces gnrales Holzbauwerke - Nach Festigkeit sortiertes Bauholz fr tragende zwecke mit rechteckigem Querschnitt - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 February 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate t
9、he conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standar
10、d exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the nation
11、al standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slova
12、kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
13、 reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14081-1:2016 EBS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Symbols 8 5 Requirements for structural timber . 9 5.1 Mechanical resi
14、stance 9 5.1.1 General . 9 5.1.2 Visual strength grading 9 5.1.3 Machine strength grading . 9 5.2 Fire resistance (charring rate) . 11 5.3 Reaction to fire . 11 5.4 Release of dangerous substances 12 5.5 Biological durability . 12 5.5.1 Structural timber without preservative treatment 12 5.5.2 Struc
15、tural timber with preservative treatment . 13 5.6 Geometrical data . 13 6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance AVCP . 13 6.1 General 13 6.2 Type testing . 13 6.2.1 General 13 6.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria . 14 6.2.3 Test reports . 15 6.2.4 Shared other party
16、results . 15 6.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 15 6.3.1 General 15 6.3.2 Requirements . 16 6.3.3 Product specific requirements . 19 6.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 20 6.3.5 Continuous surveillance of FPC 20 6.3.6 Procedure for modifications . 21 7 Marking . 21 7.1 Marking metho
17、ds 21 7.2 Information on the timber (method A) or on the package (method B) . 21 7.3 Information in the documents accompanying strength graded structural timber . 22 8 Environmental issues 23 Annex A (normative) Requirements for strength reducing characteristics for visual grading standards . 24 A.1
18、 Limitations for strength-reducing characteristics 24 A.1.1 Knots 24 A.1.2 Slope of grain 24 BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E) 3 A.1.3 Density and rate of growth . 24 A.1.4 Fissures . 25 A.2 Limitations for geometrical characteristics . 25 A.2.1 Wane . 25 A.2.2 Warp . 25 A.3 Limitations for biol
19、ogical characteristics . 26 A.4 Other characteristics 26 A.4.1 Reaction wood 26 A.4.2 Other criteria . 26 Annex B (normative) Marking codes for species . 27 B.1 Marking codes for single species . 27 B.2 Marking codes for species combination 28 Annex C (normative) Measurement of moisture content . 30
20、 C.1 General 30 C.2 Measurement of moisture content of timber during production. 30 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Regulation 31 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 31 ZA.2 Procedure for Assessment and Verifica
21、tion of the Constancy of Performance (AVCP) of strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section 33 ZA.2.1 System(s) of AVCP 33 ZA.2.2 Declaration of performance (DoP) 34 ZA.2.2.1 General 34 ZA.2.2.2 Content 35 ZA.2.2.3 Example of DoP 35 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling 36 ZA.3.1 General
22、 36 ZA.3.2 CE marking . 36 ZA.3.3 Marking on the product or on a label attached to the package . 39 Bibliography 41 BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E)2BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and defi
23、nitions 7 4 Symbols 8 5 Requirements for structural timber . 9 5.1 Mechanical resistance 9 5.1.1 General . 9 5.1.2 Visual strength grading 9 5.1.3 Machine strength grading . 9 5.2 Fire resistance (charring rate) . 11 5.3 Reaction to fire . 11 5.4 Release of dangerous substances 12 5.5 Biological dur
24、ability . 12 5.5.1 Structural timber without preservative treatment 12 5.5.2 Structural timber with preservative treatment . 13 5.6 Geometrical data . 13 6 Assessment and verification of constancy of performance AVCP . 13 6.1 General 13 6.2 Type testing . 13 6.2.1 General 13 6.2.2 Test samples, test
25、ing and compliance criteria . 14 6.2.3 Test reports . 15 6.2.4 Shared other party results . 15 6.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 15 6.3.1 General 15 6.3.2 Requirements . 16 6.3.3 Product specific requirements . 19 6.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 20 6.3.5 Continuous surveillance
26、 of FPC 20 6.3.6 Procedure for modifications . 21 7 Marking . 21 7.1 Marking methods 21 7.2 Information on the timber (method A) or on the package (method B) . 21 7.3 Information in the documents accompanying strength graded structural timber . 22 8 Environmental issues 23 Annex A (normative) Requir
27、ements for strength reducing characteristics for visual grading standards . 24 A.1 Limitations for strength-reducing characteristics 24 A.1.1 Knots 24 A.1.2 Slope of grain 24 BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E) 3 A.1.3 Density and rate of growth . 24 A.1.4 Fissures . 25 A.2 Limitations for geometr
28、ical characteristics . 25 A.2.1 Wane . 25 A.2.2 Warp . 25 A.3 Limitations for biological characteristics . 26 A.4 Other characteristics 26 A.4.1 Reaction wood 26 A.4.2 Other criteria . 26 Annex B (normative) Marking codes for species . 27 B.1 Marking codes for single species . 27 B.2 Marking codes f
29、or species combination 28 Annex C (normative) Measurement of moisture content . 30 C.1 General 30 C.2 Measurement of moisture content of timber during production. 30 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Regulation 31 ZA.1
30、Scope and relevant characteristics . 31 ZA.2 Procedure for Assessment and Verification of the Constancy of Performance (AVCP) of strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section 33 ZA.2.1 System(s) of AVCP 33 ZA.2.2 Declaration of performance (DoP) 34 ZA.2.2.1 General 34 ZA.2.2.2 Con
31、tent 35 ZA.2.2.3 Example of DoP 35 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling 36 ZA.3.1 General 36 ZA.3.2 CE marking . 36 ZA.3.3 Marking on the product or on a label attached to the package . 39 Bibliography 41 BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E)3BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This d
32、ocument (EN 14081-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August
33、 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent r
34、ights. This document supersedes EN 14081-4:2009, EN 14081-1:2005+A1:2011. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Regulation n305/2011. For relationship with EU Regulati
35、on, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 14081-4:2009 will be withdrawn and replaced by 5.1.3, paragraph 2 of this document. Compared to EN 14081-1:2005+A1:2011, the following modifications have been made: new Clause 6 for Assessment and Verification of Constancy
36、of Performance linked to the CPR; Annex ZA has been adapted to the CPR; new clauses on Fire Resistance, release of dangerous substances, geometrical data and environmental issues have been added; marking codes for species combinations have been moved to Annex B; improvement of several definitions. O
37、ther parts of the series of EN 14081 are: EN 14081-2, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section - Part 2: Machine grading; additional requirements for initial type testing; EN 14081-3, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular c
38、ross section - Part 3: Machine grading; additional requirements for factory production control. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypru
39、s, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
40、Kingdom. BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E) 5 Introduction There are basically two methods of strength grading: visual grading and machine grading. Machine grading is in common use in a number of countries. The countries use two basic systems, referred to as output control and machine control. Bo
41、th systems require a visual override inspection to cater for strength-reducing characteristics that are not automatically sensed by the machine. Output control is suitable for use where the grading machines are situated in manufacturing units grading limited sizes, species and grades in repeated pro
42、duction runs. This enables the system to be controlled by testing timber specimens from the daily output. These tests, together with statistical procedures, are used to monitor and adjust the machine settings to maintain the required strength properties for each strength class. With this system it i
43、s permissible for machine approval requirements to be less demanding and for machines of the same type to have non-identical performance. Machine control was developed in Europe. Because of the large number of sizes, species and grades used it was not possible to carry out quality control tests on t
44、imber specimens drawn from production. Machine control relies, therefore, on the machines being strictly assessed and controlled, and on considerable research effort to derive the machines settings, which remain constant for all machines of the same type. Visual grading is also in common use in a nu
45、mber of countries. There are many different visual strength grading standards for timber in use in Europe. These have come into existence to allow for: different species or groups of species; geographic origin; different dimensional requirements; varying requirements for different uses; quality of m
46、aterial available; historic influences or traditions. Because of the diversity of existing visual grading standards in use in different countries, it is currently impossible to lay down a single standard for all Member States. The requirements given in this European Standard on visual strength gradi
47、ng are therefore basic principles, which should be followed when drawing up requirements for limits for some of the characteristics. The assignments to strength classes are based on grading reports. When these grading reports are evaluated and approved by CEN/TC 124/WG2/TG1, they become Approved Gra
48、ding Reports (AGR) which are required for assigning visual grades to EN 1912 and for machine control. BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E)4BS EN 14081-1:2016EN 14081-1:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14081-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures
49、”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1
