1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58structures Test methods Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the phenolphthal
2、ein methodThe European Standard EN 14630:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.30Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14630:2006BS EN 14630:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy C
3、ommittee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49622 8Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer
4、immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14630:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/8, Protection and repair of concrete structure
5、s.A list of organizations represented on B/517/8 can be obtained on request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14630October 2006ICS 91.100.30English VersionProducts and systems for the protection and repair of concretestructures - Test methods - Determination of carbo
6、nation depthin hardened concrete by the phenolphthalein methodProduits et systmes pour la protection et la rparation desstructures en bton - Mthodes dessais - Mesurage de laprofondeur de carbonatation dun bton arm par lamthode phnolphtaleineProdukte und Systeme fr den Schutz und dieInstandsetzung vo
7、n Betontragwerken - Prfverfahren -Bestimmung der Karbonatisierungstiefe im Festbeton mitder Phenolphthalein-PrfungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 September 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Eu
8、ropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
9、 French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Rep
10、ublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NO
11、RMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14630:2006: EEN 14630:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2
12、 Normative references 5 3 Materials and apparatus5 4 Test procedure .5 4.1 Sampling.5 4.2 Determination of carbonation depth6 4.3 Measurement of carbonation depth.6 5 Test report 8 EN 14630:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14630:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concret
13、e and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by De
14、cember 2008. It has been prepared by sub-committee 8 “Protection and repair of concrete structures“ (Secretariat AFNOR). This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It describes a method for determining the depth o
15、f carbonation of concrete. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
16、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14630:2006 (E) 4 Introduction Steel reinforcement in concrete may be at risk of corrosion if the cover is carbonated. ENV 1504-
17、9 defines the principles for protection and repair of concrete structures which have suffered or may suffer damage or deterioration and gives guidance on the selection of products and systems which are appropriate for this intended use. To establish whether there is a sufficient depth of uncarbonate
18、d concrete to protect the reinforcement for the remainder of the design life of the structure, the total depth of cover and the depth of carbonation should be determined. The total depth of cover can be determined by physical measurement or by the use of a cover meter. The depth of carbonation deter
19、mined as defined in this standard is the most widely used method of measuring carbonation depth. It is measured by using the indicator phenolphthalein. Above a pH value of approximately 9 the indicator gives the concrete a red-purple colour. Only concrete which is coloured is sufficiently alkaline t
20、o provide passivity for steel. EN 14630:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope The phenolphthalein test method is intended to measure the depth of the carbonated layer near the surface of hardened concrete. It is not suitable for concrete made with calcium aluminate cement. It may be used on site or in the laboratory,
21、on test specimens or on cores or fragments removed from hardened concrete structures. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
22、the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ENV 1504-9, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, Requirements, Quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems 3 Materials and
23、 apparatus A solution of phenolphthalein indicator normally 1g phenolphthalein is dissolved in 70 ml ethyl alcohol and diluted to 100 ml with distilled or deionised water. A labelled container fitted with a nozzle to give a fine spray of indicator solution. NOTE Other suitable alcohols such as isopr
24、opyl alcohol may also be used to prepare the indicator solution. A measuring device to measure the distance from the surface of the concrete to the carbonation front, such as a calliper or ruler, capable of measuring to the nearest mm. 4 Test procedure 4.1 Sampling Samples shall be in accordance wit
25、h a sampling plan prepared for the assessment or repair works according to ENV 1504-9. In situ testing may be carried out by chiselling from the structure under investigation to reveal an adequate area of freshly broken concrete. The test is normally carried out in situ. NOTE This may be done by dri
26、lling a series of holes into the concrete to allow a fresh surface to be broken between them. Alternatively, large fragments or core samples may be removed from the structure. Where cores are obtained by wet cutting or where the maximum nominal aggregate size exceeds 16 mm, the minimum nominal diame
27、ter of cores shall be 50 mm. Any surface water shall be removed from cores and fragments as quickly as possible. They shall be marked to indicate their location and orientation with respect to the original concrete surface, and shall then be stored in a dry place until tested, which should be as soo
28、n as possible after sampling. Cut or drilled surfaces shall not be used as they often give misleading results because they can expose and reactivate unhydrated cement particles in otherwise fully carbonated concrete. EN 14630:2006 (E) 6 4.2 Determination of carbonation depth Cores shall be split alo
29、ng their longitudinal axis and as nearly as possible across the diameter of the core. Large fragments (normally those with a smallest dimension of approximately 50 mm) shall be split as nearly as possible perpendicularly to the original external concrete surface; smaller fragments should not be spli
30、t further but tested immediately after they are removed from the structure. The freshly broken surfaces shall be cleared of any dust and loose particles without the use of water or abrasion and shall be sprayed with just enough phenolphthalein indicator solution to wet the surface without running do
31、wn the surface. The test shall be completed as soon as possible after splitting the concrete face. NOTE 1 The instantaneous colour change to red-purple should be measured and recorded within 30 s of spraying. If the colour changes slowly and/or the boundary is diffuse the method will not give accura
32、te enough results in all cases and may indicate partial carbonation zones. In this case an alternative method of test such as petrographic examination may be adopted to confirm site test results. NOTE 2 In the case of very dry concrete a light mist of water may be applied to the broken surface immed
33、iately prior to the application of phenolphthalein solution. NOTE 3 Care should be taken when this test method is used on concrete containing or treated with hydrophobic materials, e.g. silanes, siloxanes, polymeric additives or water resisting admixtures. These may inhibit development of the charac
34、teristic purple colour even in uncarbonated concrete. Under these conditions there may be a delay of several minutes before the colour develops, and the colour may appear to be patchy when compared with untreated or unmodified CEM I concretes. It is not necessary to analyse the concrete prior to tes
35、ting, but abnormal results may indicate that the concrete contains or has been treated with these materials. NOTE 4 The method cannot distinguish between loss of alkalinity caused by carbonation or by other causes such as exposure to acids or other acidic gases. Where other causes may be present, th
36、eir effects may be determined by laboratory analysis. 4.3 Measurement of carbonation depth The carbonation depth at any given point is the distance dk(measured in mm) from the external surface of the concrete to the edge of the red-purple coloured region. As in practice the carbonation front is irre
37、gular, both the average dk meanand maximum depth dk maxshall be measured to the nearest mm (Figure 1). EN 14630:2006 (E) 7 Key 1 external surface 2 no colour change (carbonated) 3 red-purple colour (uncarbonated) A dk mean B dk maxFigure 1 Carbonation front If there are isolated pockets, for example
38、 at cracks, where the maximum depth dk maxis significantly greater than the mean dkmean(Figure 2) then the value dkmaxshall not be included in the calculation of dk mean. The adjusted mean value dkmeanand the maximum depth or depths dk max (1.n)shall be recorded to the nearest mm, preferably on a dr
39、awing or photograph. Key A dk mean B dk maxFigure 2 Isolated pockets of deeper carbonation EN 14630:2006 (E) 8 5 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) date and time of test; b) name of the person who carried out the test; c) general weather conditions during in situ
40、 testing; d) identification number and location of each sample and its exposure; e.g. sheltered from or exposed to rain, internal or external; e) size and type of specimen used (i.e. in situ, core or fragment); f) the composition of the indicator solution used; g) carbonation depth values as defined
41、 above; h) a record of the carbonation profile where one is required by this standard e.g. as in Figure 2; i) reference to this European Standard. Other relevant observations made at the time of obtaining samples may be included in the test report. The test report should record any slow development
42、of coloration or creep back towards the surface that occurred after the original result was recorded within say 30 s of spraying: e.g. carbonation was 15 mm crept back to 10 mm. Carbonation was 50 mm, boundary was diffuse. Any available information on the mix design and age of the concrete shall be
43、reported. The presence of any polymeric admixtures or additions or of hydrophobic treatments shall be reported where known. The information shall be recorded in such a manner that it can be located and referred to at all times during the assessment or repair works. Sample locations shall be recorded
44、 on drawings of the construction works in a manner which allows the report of the relevant carbonation test to be identified. blankBS EN BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL14630:2006BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. I
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