1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58The European Standard EN 14679:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 93.020Execution of spec
2、ial geotechnical works Deep mixingBRITISH STANDARDBS EN14679:2005Including Corrigendum No. 1BS EN 14679:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 11 July 2005 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 46340 0A list of organizations represented on this com
3、mittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “S
4、earch” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
5、obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 53 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments16542 C
6、orrigendum No. 131 August 2006 See national forewordB/526, Geotechnics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; mon
7、itor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14679:2005, including Corrigendum June 2006. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the
8、text by tags . Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN corrigendum. For example, text altered by June 2006 corrigendum is indicated by .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14679April 20
9、05ICS 93.020English versionExecution of special geotechnical works - Deep mixingExcution des travaux gotechniques spciaux - Colonnesde sol traitAusfhrung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten(Spezialtiefbau) - Tiefreichende BodenstabilisierungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 Februar
10、y 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained
11、 on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretaria
12、t has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, S
13、lovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide
14、for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14679:2005: EIncorporating Corrigendum June 2006EN 14679:2005 (E) 2Contents Page1 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .64 Information needed for the execution of the work.84.1 General84.2 Particular requirements 95 Geotechnical investigation.95
15、.1 General95.2 Specific information 96 Materials and products .106.1 General106.2 Special considerations117 Considerations related to design.117.1 General117.2 Additional design considerations127.3 Selection of the binder and the additives .127.4 Laboratory and in-situ mixing and treatment tests127.
16、5 Design statement.138 Execution148.1 Method statement 148.2 Preparation of the site.148.3 Field trials .158.4 Execution tolerances.158.4.1 General158.5 Quality control and quality assurance 158.6 Deep mixing158.6.1 General158.6.2 Dry mixing 168.6.3 Wet mixing168.7 Installation of structural reinfor
17、cement.179 Supervision, testing and monitoring .179.1 General179.2 Supervision 189.3 Testing 189.4 Monitoring 189.5 Performance of the treated soil199.6 Other aspects.1910 Records.1910.1 Records during construction .1910.2 Records at the completion of the work .2011 Special requirements 2011.1 Gener
18、al2011.2 Safety 2011.3 Environmental protection .2011.4 Impact on adjacent structures21Annex A (informative) Practical aspects of deep mixing 22EN 14679:2005 (E) 3A.1 Introduction22A.2 Fields of application22A.3 Execution22A.3.1 General .22A.3.2 Dry mixing 24A.3.3 Wet mixing .28A.3.4 Patterns of ins
19、tallation31A.3.5 Hybrid methods .34A.4 Construction considerations36Annex B (informative) Aspects of design .38B.1 General .38B.1.1 Scope38B.1.2 Application .38B.2 Design principles.39B.3 Execution process of deep mixing 40B.4 Choice of binder 41B.5 Testing41B.5.1 General .41B.5.2 Laboratory testing
20、 .41B.5.3 Field testing .43B.6 Correlation of various properties of treated soil44B.6.1 Field strength and laboratory strength .44B.6.2 Correlation between mechanical characteristics and unconfined compressive strength 46B.7 Aspects of design46B.7.1 Stability.46B.7.2B.7.3Annex C (informative) Degree
21、 of obligation of the provision.51Settlement 48Confinement.50EN 14679:2005 (E) 4Foreword This document (EN 14679:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution of special geotechnical works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the s
22、tatus of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005. The document has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1 and prEN 1997-2. This document e
23、xpands on design only where necessary, but provides full coverage of the construction and supervision requirements. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cypr
24、us, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14679:2005 (E) 51 Scope This document specifies
25、 general principles for the execution, testing, supervision and monitoring of deep mixing works carried out by two different methods: dry mixing and wet mixing. Deep mixing considered in this document is limited to methods, which involve: a) mixing by rotating mechanical mixing tools (see Annex A, F
26、igure A.1) where the lateral support provided to the surrounding soil is not removed; b) treatment of the soil to a minimum depth of 3 m; c) different shapes and configurations, consisting of either single columns, panels, grids, blocks, walls or any combination of more than one single column, overl
27、apping or not (see Annex A, Figures A.8 to A.12); d) treatment of natural soil, fill, waste deposits and slurries, etc. Guidance on practical aspects of deep mixing, such as execution procedures and equipment, is given in Annex A. Main applications are exemplified in Annex A, Figure A.14. Methods of
28、 testing, specification and assessment of design parameters, which are affected by execution, are presented in Annex B. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
29、references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strengthEN 196-2, Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cementEN 196-3, Methods of testing cement Part 3: Determination of setti
30、ng time and soundnessEN 196-4, Methods of testing cement Part 4: Quality determination of constituentsEN 196-5, Methods of testing cement Part 5: Pozzolanicity tests for pozzolanic cementEN 196-6, Methods of testing cement Part 6: Determination of finenessEN 196-7, Methods of testing cement Part 7:
31、Methods of taking and preparing samples of cementEN 196-8, Methods of testing cement Part 8: Heat of hydration Solution methodEN 196-21, Methods of testing cement Part 21: Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cementEN 197-1:2000, Cement Part 1: Composition, specificati
32、on and conformity criteria for common cementsEN 197-2:2000, Cement Part 2: Conformity evaluationEN 451, Methods of testing fly ashEN 459-1, Building lime Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteriaground Other improvement methods using similar techniques exist (see A.3.5). EN 14679:2
33、005 (E) 6EN 459-2, Building lime Part 2: Test methodsEN 791:1995, Drill rigs Safety EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General rulesprEN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground investigation and testingEN 12716, Execution of special geotechnical works Jet groutingENV 19
34、91, Eurocode 1: Actions on structuresENV 10080, Steel for reinforcement of concrete, weldable ribbed reinforcing steel B 500 Technical delivery conditions for bars, coils and welded fabricEN ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 1: Identif
35、ication and description (ISO 14688-1:2002)EN ISO 14688-2, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2004)EN ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of rock Part 1
36、: Identification and description (ISO 14689-1:2003).3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1admixture fr: additif, addition de: Zusatzmittel dispersant, fluidifier, retarding agent 3.2binder fr: liant de: Bindemittel chemically reactiv
37、e materials (lime, cement, gypsum, blast furnace slag, fly ash, etc.) 3.3binder content de: Bindemittelgehalt weight of dry binder introduced per unit volume of soil to be treated 3.4binder factor de: Bindemittelfaktor ratio of the weight of dry binder introduced to the dry weight of the soil to be
38、treated 3.5blade rotation number de: Flgelumdrehungszahl total number of mixing blade rotations per m of shaft movement. fr: dosage en liant fr: teneur en liant fr: indice de malaxage EN 14679:2005 (E) 73.6column fr: colonne de: Sule pillar of treated soil manufactured in situ by a single installati
39、on process using a mixing tool. The mixing tool and the execution process govern the shape and size of the cross section of a column 3.7dry mixing fr: malaxage par voie sche de: Trockenmischverfahren process consisting of mechanical disaggregation of the soil in situ and its mixing with binders with
40、 or without fillers and admixtures in dry powder form 3.8fillerfr: fines inerte, charge inerte de: Fller non-reacting material (sand, limestone powder etc.) 3.9mixing energy fr: energie de malaxage de: Mischungsenergie resources used for operating machinery 3.10mixing process de: Mischvorgang involv
41、es mechanical disaggregation of the soil structure, dispersion of binders and fillers in the soil 3.11mixing tool fr: outil de malaxage de: Mischwerkzeug tool used to disaggregate the soil, distribute and mix the binder with the soil, consisting of one or several rotating units equipped with several
42、 blades, arms, paddles with/without continuous or discontinuous flight augers (see Annex A) 3.12penetration (downstroke) de: Abbohrvorgang stage/phase of mixing process cycle, in which the mixing tool is delivered to the appropriate depth and initial mixing and fluidisation of the soil take place 3.
43、13penetration or retrieval speed de: Abbohr- bzw. Ziehgeschwindigkeit vertical movement per unit time of the mixing tool during penetration or retrieval 3.14penetration or retrieval rate de: Abbohr- bzw. Ziehrate vertical movement of the mixing tool per revolution of the rotating unit(s) during pene
44、tration or retrieval 3.15retrieval (upstroke) fr: remonte (monte de loutillage) de: Ziehvorgang stage/phase of mixing process cycle, in which the final mixing and retrieval of the mixing tool take place fr: procd de malaxage fr: descente (de loutillage) fr: vitesse de descente ou de remonte fr: vite
45、sse de descente ou de remonte par tour EN 14679:2005 (E) 83.16restroke fr: re-malaxage de: wiederholter Mischvorgang restroke is an additional penetration and retrieval cycle of the mixing tool to increase the binder content and/or the column homogeneity 3.17rotation speed fr: vitesse de rotation de
46、: Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit number of revolutions of the rotating unit(s) of the mixing tool per unit time 3.18stroke fr: malaxage de: Mischvorgang one complete cycle of the mixing process 3.19volume ratio fr: teneur volumique en coulis de: Volumenverhltnis ratio of the volume of slurry injected (in
47、 wet mixing) to the volume of soil to be treated 3.20water/binder ratio fr: rapport eau/liant de: Wasser-/Bindemittel-Verhltnis weight of water added to the dry binder divided by the weight of the dry binder 3.21wet mixing fr: malaxage par voie humide de: Nassmischverfahren process consisting of mec
48、hanical disaggregation of the soil in situ and its mixing with a slurry consisting of water, binders with or without fillers and admixtures 4 Information needed for the execution of the work 4.1 General 4.1.1 Prior to the execution of the work, all necessary information shall be provided. 4.1.2 This
49、 information should include: a) any legal or statutory restrictions; b) the location of main grid lines for setting out; c) the conditions of structures, roads, services, etc. adjacent to the work; d) a suitable quality management system, including supervision, monitoring and testing. 4.1.3 The information regarding the site conditions shall cover, where relevant: a) the geometry of the site (boundary conditions, topography, access, slopes, headroom r
