1、Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIg49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58T
2、he European Standard EN 15493:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 71.100.99; 97.180Candles Specification for fire safetyBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15493:2007BS EN 15493:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard wa
3、s published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56526 7Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsCompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Stan
4、dard is the UK implementation of EN 15493:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee I/-/1, Miscellaneous standards materials and chemicals.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does n
5、ot purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15493November 2007ICS 71.100.99English VersionCandles - Specification for fire safetyBougies - Spcification relative la scurit incendi
6、e Kerzen - Spezifikation fr die FeuersicherheitThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alter
7、ation. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by transl
8、ationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Gr
9、eece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement
10、Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15493:2007: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15493:2007 (E) 2 Cont
11、ents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Safety requirements 6 4.1 Stability .6 4.2 Secondary ignition.7 4.3 Flame height.7 4.4 Behaviour by self-extinguishing at the end of the burning process7 4.5 Re-ignition after extinguishing.7 5 Test e
12、quipment and apparatus.7 6 Sampling.7 7 Sample preparation .7 8 General test conditions.7 9 Test methods8 9.1 General8 9.2 Stability test8 9.3 Burning test8 9.4 Flame height.9 10 Test report 9 Bibliography 10 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy,
13、 (c) BSIEN 15493:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15493:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN BT/TF 164 “Candle safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or b
14、y endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identi
15、fying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greec
16、e, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 1549
17、3:2007 (E) 4 Introduction Candles have accompanied mankind for more than 2 000 years serving above all as a light source. Closely connected to the development history of the candle are the efforts made to improve its quality and its safety in use. Discussions in the past and present over possible se
18、lf-forming, harmful emissions and fires caused by unsafe candles and/or inappropriate use during the burning of candles have led to consumer concern for these issues. This European Standard helps to ensure a reasonable degree of safety during use, thereby improving personal safety and reducing the r
19、isk of fires, deaths and injuries. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15493:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be burned indoors. 2 Normative r
20、eferences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15494:2007, Candles - Candles - Prod
21、uct safety labels 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 base material intended fuel source for candle flame 3.2 burning period time the candle burns from initial being lit until it is extinguished 3.3 burn test cycle total
22、time of a burning period and pause 3.4 candle one or more combustible wicks supported by a material that constitutes a fuel, which is solid, semisolid or quasi-rigid at room temperature (20 C to 27 C) NOTE 1 It can also contain additives, which are used for colour, odour, stability, or to modify the
23、 burning characteristics; the combined function of which is to sustain a light-producing flame. NOTE 2 Including candles with decoration attached to or contained within the candle. 3.5 container candle candle which is produced in and will be burned in a container 3.6 flame height base of the flame t
24、o the top of the flame NOTE See Figure 1. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15493:2007 (E) 6 Figure 1 Flame height 3.7 free-standing candle candle that is designed to be used without a supporting holder 3.8 molten fuel pool portion
25、of the wax or fuel pool of a candle that is in liquid form when the candle is burning 3.9 re-ignition self-ignition of the wick after it has been extinguished 3.10 secondary ignition self-sustained flame other than that on the intended wick(s), including flash over where the base materials vapours i
26、gnite over the molten fuel pool 3.11 self-sustained flame flame that continues to burn until the fuel source is removed or depleted or requires manual extinguishing 3.12 tea light cylindrical candle that is burned up in a container which may be suitable to keep vessels containing coffee, tea or othe
27、r liquids warm, by using a warming stove NOTE 1 Typical dimensions of a tea light are 38 mm in diameter and 15 in mm height. NOTE 2 A tea light container can be made from metal, glass or plastic. 3.13 wax crystalline, plastic solid or semi-solid material at 25 C consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbo
28、ns and/or hydrocarbon derivatives NOTE Wax melts typically at temperatures equal to or greater than 40 C and becomes a low viscosity liquid. Waxes may be of mineral (particularly petroleum), vegetable, animal (including insect), or synthetic origin. 3.14 wick object that delivers fuel to a flame thr
29、ough the process of capillary action 4 Safety requirements 4.1 Stability Free-standing candles shall not tip over when tested on a slope of 10 according to 9.2. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15493:2007 (E) 7 4.2 Secondary igniti
30、on No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s, when the candle is burned according to 9.3. NOTE Wick remaining in the molten fuel pool is considered as a potential source for secondary ignition. 4.3 Flame height The flame height for all candle types, except tea lights, shall not exceed 75
31、mm. The flame height for tea lights shall not exceed 30 mm. Test method see 9.4. NOTE The natural tendency of a candle is for the flame height to vary during the burn life. The maximum allowable flame height requirement in this standard takes into account such variation and anticipates that manufact
32、urers will design candles to ensure that they remain below the maximum flame height requirement throughout the burning. Furthermore, the manufacturer should determine the appropriate lower flame height for optimum performance for individual candle types. 4.4 Behaviour by self-extinguishing at the en
33、d of the burning process Container candles and candles marketed as self-extinguishing shall, at the end of the burning time, self extinguish and, in the case of container candles, not cause the container to break. 4.5 Re-ignition after extinguishing The wick shall not continue to glow or smoke for m
34、ore than 20 s after extinguishing. After extinguishing the candle shall not spontaneously re-light. For the test method see to 9.3. 5 Test equipment and apparatus 5.1 Incline plane (fixed or adjustable) with an angle of (10 0,2) from a horizontal level. 5.2 Measuring device, non flammable with milli
35、metre grading. 5.3 Candle extinguisher, type “snuffer”. 6 Sampling The test shall be carried out on finished candles representative of those intended to be supplied commercially. For the test result to represent a specific candle type, a minimum of 3 samples shall be tested. 7 Sample preparation Rem
36、ove any outer wrapping and label material and prepare the sample for use according to the manufacturers instructions, if any given, e.g. trim the wick. For identification of the sample, measure the dimension and the mass of the candle. The temperature of the sample shall be (20 5) C before the test
37、is started. 8 General test conditions The room temperature at which the burning test is to take place shall be (20 5) C. The room shall be draught free. If during the test the temperature is outside the range, the maximum and/or minimum temperature shall be recorded in the test report. Licensed Copy
38、: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15493:2007 (E) 8 For testing of floating candles, the temperature of the water shall be (20 5) C when the test is started. NOTE Draught free means that a candle burns without noticeable disturbance of the flame.
39、 If the flame is flickering this can be verified using a reference candle such as a paraffin with a diameter of 22 mm. If this candle also flickers there is a draught, if not then it is flickering due to the candle design or quality. 9 Test methods 9.1 General In the case of candle designs not cater
40、ed for in the test procedures, the test should be carried out as far as possible as described and deviations from the test procedure shall be recorded in the test report. 9.2 Stability test Place the prepared, unlit candle on an incline plane (5.1) in the orientation most likely to cause tipping at
41、(10 0,2) from level. Rotation around the candles vertical axis may be necessary to determine the stability of an asymmetrical candle. 9.3 Burning test Follow the instructions for use, if any. If no instructions are given, the following shall apply: Place each candle in an upright position on a heat
42、resistant, non flammable surface. Non free-standing candles are placed in a suitable candleholder which does not affect the burning property of the candle. Free-standing candles are placed on a surface that does not affect the burning property. Floating candles are placed in a suitable bowl filled w
43、ith water. When testing multiple samples all candles, except for floating candles, shall be separated by the distance specified by the manufacturers instructions, see EN 15494:2007, Figure 3 (edge to edge). The specified distance between samples does not apply to floating candles. Position the wick
44、in an upright position and light the candle without contaminating the candle by the ignition source. Burn the candles according to the burn test cycle specified in Table 1. Use a candle extinguisher (5.3) to extinguish candles. Table 1 Burn test cycles Type of candle Burn test cycle Floating candles
45、, container candles and candles marketed as self-extinguishing with a mass below 40 g (including tea lights) Burn candle continuously until self-extinguishing. Floating candles and container candles with a mass above 40 g Burn candle 4 h, pause for minimum 1 h. Continue to burn in cycles until self-
46、 extinguishing. Candles with a mass below 40 g (excluding floating candles and container candles) Burn candle continuously until a residual height of 10 mm. Candles with a mass above 40 g (excluding floating candles and container candles) Burn candle 4 h, pause for minimum 1 h. Continue to burn in c
47、ycles until a residual height of 20 mm. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 07:38, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15493:2007 (E) 9 Visual observations are made 5 min after ignition, at least at hourly intervals throughout the burning period, at extinguishing and self-exti
48、nguishing, when applicable. 9.4 Flame height The flame height (whole visible part of the flame, see 3.6) is measured and recorded 5 min after ignition and before extinguishing in each burning period. If the flame appears to approach the maximum allowable flame height at other times, it shall also be
49、 measured and recorded. For candles with a total burning time less than one specified burning period, the flame height is measured and recorded at least twice. NOTE In a burning period where a candle is burning until self-extinguishing, the flame height will gradually become lower as the fuel source becomes depleted. This behaviour is to be considered when time for measuring the flame height, before end of life, is defined for this type of candle. 10 Test report The test report serves to identify the tested candle and to record the test res
