1、BS EN 15652:2009ICS 67.050NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDFoodstuffs Determination ofniacin by HPLCThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 June2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 58352 0Am
2、endments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15652:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15652:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AW/-/3, Food analysis - Horizontal methods.A list of organizations rep
3、resented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 15652:
4、2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15652May 2009ICS 67.050English VersionFoodstuffs - Determination of niacin by HPLCProduits alimentaires - Dosage de la niacine par CLHP Lebensmittel - Bestimmung von Niacin mit HPLCThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 April 2009.CEN m
5、embers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on applicat
6、ion to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has th
7、e same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
8、Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedw
9、orldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15652:2009: EBS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Principle 44 Reagents .45 Apparatus .76 Procedure 107 Calculation . 118 Precision 129 Test report . 14Annex A (informative) Typical chromatogram 1
10、5Annex B (informative) Precision data for acid-, enzymatic- and acid/alkaline hydrolysis . 16Annex C (informative) Comparison between three different ways of hydrolysis 19Bibliography . 21BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15652:2009) has been prepared by Technical Commit
11、tee CEN/TC 275 “Food analysis - Horizontal methods”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shal
12、l be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. WARNING The use of this standard may in
13、volve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory lim
14、itations prior to use. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ic
15、eland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the mass
16、fraction of niacin in foodstuffs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by three different ways of hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis (A), enzymatic hydrolysis (B) or acid/alkaline hydrolysis (C). The method has been validated in interlaboratory tests on fortified and non-fortified samples such a
17、s breakfast cereal powder, chocolate cereals, cooked ham, green peas, lyophilized green peas with ham, lyophilized soup, nutritive orange juice, milk powder and wheat flour, at levels from 0,5 mg/100 g to 24 mg/100 g. For further information on the validation data, see Annex B. A and B give similar
18、results for niacin. In options A and B niacin is calculated as the sum of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, and expressed as nicotinic acid 1. Option C gives higher results than A and B for niacin with non-supplemented cereals, but similar results for other products. In option C, niacin is calculated
19、 and expressed as nicotinic acid after transformation of nicotinamide into nicotinic acid 2. Option A is faster and cheaper than B and C. Option B is used if an exact quantification of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid is needed. This cannot be done with option A, because there is a slight transformat
20、ion of nicotinamide into nicotinic acid during the acid hydrolysis. Option C quantifies total niacin. The alkaline hydrolysis is able to liberate other forms giving higher results for niacin, which in some foods such as maize and cereals are not normally biologically available, see 3, 4 and 5. Infor
21、mation on a comparison between the three different ways of hydrolysis is given in Annex C. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editio
22、n of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) 3 Principle Niacin vitamers are extracted from food by an acid (option A), an enzymatic (option B) or an acid/alkaline (option C) trea
23、tment and quantified by HPLC with a fluorimetric detection after a post-column derivatization with UV irradiation, see 1 and 2. For option A and option B, niacin is determined as the sum of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid. Niacin is expressed as nicotinic acid after correction of the molecular weigh
24、ts. For option C, niacin is determined and expressed as nicotinic acid. The alkaline treatment transforms all nicotinamide into nicotinic acid. 4 Reagents 4.1 General During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and water of at least grade 1 accordin
25、g to EN ISO 3696:1995. BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 5 4.2 Chemicals and solutions 4.2.1 Sodium acetate, mass fraction w(C2H3NaO2) 99 % 4.2.2 Potassium monohydrogen phosphate, w(K2HPO4) 99,5 % 4.2.3 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, w(KH2PO4) 99,5 % 4.2.4 Non stabilized hydrogen peroxyde solution,
26、 w(H2O2) = 30 % 4.2.5 Copper sulfate, w(Cu(II)SO45H2O) 99 % 4.2.6 Acetic acid, w(CH3COOH) 99,8 % 4.2.7 Concentrated hydrochloric acid solution (option A and C), w(HCl) = 37,0 % 4.2.8 NADase from Neurospora crassa (option B), enzyme activity 0,55 U/mg of protein. Store below 0 oC. NOTE For the interl
27、aboratory study, NADase from Neurospora crassa from Sigma Chemicals with reference N 9629, lyophilised powder, 0,5 U/mg to 3,0 U/mg protein (biuret) has been used1. 4.2.9 Acetic acid solution, substance concentration c(CH3COOH) = 5 mol/l 4.2.10 Sodium acetate solution, c(C2H3NaO2)= 2,5 mol/l 4.2.11
28、Copper sulfate solution, c(Cu(II)SO4.5H2O) = 0,005 mol/l 4.2.12 Sodium acetate solution (option B), c(C2H3NaO2)= 0,05 mol/l, pH = 4,5 Dissolve 4,10 g of sodium acetate (4.2.1) in 900 ml of water. Adjust the solution to pH = 4,5 with acid acetic (4.2.6), and then dilute to 1000 ml with water. 4.2.13
29、Phosphate buffer solution (option B), c(K2HPO4) = 0,05 mol/l and c(KH2PO4) = 0,05 mol/l, pH = 6,8 Mix 1 part per volume of K2HPO4solution (0,05 mol/l) and 1 part per volume of KH2PO4solution (0,05 mol/l). Adjust pH to 6,8 with sodium acetate solution (4.2.10) if necessary. 4.2.14 NADase solution (op
30、tion B) Dissolve 2,9 mg of NADase (4.2.8) in 5 ml of phosphate buffer (4.2.13). This solution is stable for 1 week at -18 C. 4.2.15 Hydrochloric acid solution (options A and C), c(HCl) = 0,1 mol/l 1 This information is given for the convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constit
31、ute an endorsement by CEN of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 6 4.2.16 HPLC mobile phase Dissolve 4,77 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (4.2.3) in 400 ml of water. Add 3,8 ml of hydrogen peroxide
32、 solution (4.2.4) and 0,5 ml of copper sulfate solution (4.2.11). Dilute to 500 ml. The pH is about 4,5. Filter through a membrane filter (5.7). This solution is stable for one day. 4.2.17 Sodium hydroxide (option C), w(NaOH) 99 % 4.2.18 Sodium hydroxide solution (option C), c(NaOH) = 5 mol/l Dissol
33、ve 20 g of sodium hydroxide (4.2.17) in 80 ml of water. After cooling dilute to 100 ml. 4.2.19 Hydrochloric acid solution (option C), w(HCl) = 3,7 % Dilute 5 ml of the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution (4.2.7) to 50 ml with water. 4.3 Standard substances 4.3.1 General Nicotinic acid and nicoti
34、namide can be obtained from various suppliers. The purity may vary and it is therefore necessary to determine the concentration of the calibration solution by a spectrometric determination (see 4.4.3). 4.3.2 Nicotinic acid, w(C6H5NO2) 99,5 % 4.3.3 Nicotinamide (options A and B), w(C6H6N2O) 99,5 % 4.
35、4 Stock solutions 4.4.1 Nicotinic acid stock solution, mass concentration (C6H5NO2) = 1 mg/ml Dissolve an amount of the nicotinic acid standard substance (4.3.2), e.g. approximately 100 mg to the nearest 1 mg in 100 ml of water. This solution is stable for 1 week at -18 C. 4.4.2 Nicotinamide stock s
36、olution, (options A and B), (C6H6N2O) = 1 mg/ml Dissolve an amount of the nicotinamide standard substance (4.3.3), e.g. approximately 100 mg to the nearest 1 mg in 100 ml of water. This solution is stable for 1 week at -18 C. 4.4.3 Concentration tests 4.4.3.1 Nicotinic acid solution, (C6H5NO2) = 1 m
37、g/ml Dilute 1 ml of the nicotinic acid stock solution (4.4.1) in 100 ml of hydrochloric acid solution (4.2.15) and measure the absorbance at 260 nm in a 1 cm cell using a UV spectrometer (5.2) against hydrochloric acid solution (4.2.15) as reference. Calculate the mass concentration, , in milligram
38、per millilitre of the stock solution, using Equation (1): 4201000260=A (1) where BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 7 A260 is the absorbance value of the solution at 260 nm; 420 is the % 1cm 1E value for nicotinic acid in 0,1 mol/l HCl, see 6. 4.4.3.2 Nicotinamide solution, (C6H6N2O) = 1 mg/ml Dilute
39、 1 ml of the nicotinamide stock solution (4.4.2) in 100 ml of hydrochloric acid solution (4.2.15) and measure the absorbance at 260 nm in a 1 cm cell using a UV spectrometer (5.2) against hydrochloric acid solution (4.2.15) as reference. Calculate the mass concentration, , in milligram per millilitr
40、e of the stock solution, using Equation (2): 4101000260=A (2) where A260is the absorbance value of the solution at 260 nm; 410 is the % 1cm 1E value for nicotinamide in 0,1 mol/l HCl, see 6. 4.5 Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide standard solutions, (C6H5N02) = (C6H6N2O) = 0,05 g/ml to 5 g/ml Prepare e
41、.g. a first solution with 1 ml of each stock solution (4.4.1) or (4.4.2) in 100 ml of water. From this solution prepare four standard solutions (0,5 ml, 2,5 ml, 10 ml and 50 ml) in 100 ml of water. These solutions are stable for one day at room temperature. 5 Apparatus 5.1 General Usual laboratory a
42、pparatus and glassware, and the following. 5.2 UV spectrometer Capable of measurement of absorbance at defined wavelenghts 5.3 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 37C 5.4 Autoclave, capable of maintaining a temperature of 120C 5.5 HPLC system Consisting of a pump, sample injecting device,
43、fluorescence detector with excitation and emission wavelengths set at 322 nm and 380 nm, and an evaluation system such as an integrator. BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 8 5.6 Analytical reverse phase separating column, e.g. LiChrospher60 RP-18 Select B endcapped2The column, with the following char
44、acteristics, shall ensure a baseline resolution of the analytes concerned: a) a length of 25 cm; b) an inner diameter of 4,0 mm; c) a particle size of 5 m. Other particle sizes or column dimensions than specified in this European Standard may be used. Separation parameters shall be adapted to such o
45、ther materials to guarantee equivalent results. 5.7 Filter device Membrane filter with a pore size of for example 0,45 m. 5.8 Post-column derivatization tube and UV lamp A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube (length of 5 m, inner diameter of 0,5 mm, external diameter of 1,6 mm) surrounding a UV blac
46、k-light-blue (BLB) lamp with low-pressure tube (VL-120 BLB, 20 W, 365 nm, intensity is 55 W/cm2from Vilber Lourmat)2), see Figure 1 and Figure 2 and also 7. WARNING 1 Harmful UV light could come out of the metal box containing the lamp. WARNING 2 If bubble formation occurs in the tube due to overhea
47、ting, the tube should be efficiently cooled by air circulation, for example by lifting the box. 2 LiChrospher60 RP-18 Select B endcapped and VL-120 BLB are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of ths European Standard and does n
48、ot constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 9 Key 1 lamp tube 2 from column 3 to detector Figure 1 Schematic representation and dimensions (mm) of the lamp, lamp housing
49、(in upside down position) and placement of the lamp housing on bench (in operating position) Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 reflector 2 lamp tube Figure 2 Cross section of the lamp housing (in upside down position) with tube lamp and dimensions BS EN 15652:2009EN 15652:2009 (E) 10 6 Procedure 6.1 Sample preparation Homogenize the test sample. Grind coarse material with an appropriate mill and mix again. Measures such as pre-cooling shall be taken to avoid exposing to high tem
