1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16087-2:2011Soil improvers and growingmedia Determination of theaerobic biological activityPart 2: Self heating test for compostBS EN 16087-2:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational
2、forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16087-2:2011.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 16087-2 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a E
3、uropean Standard.The UK committee voted against the publication of this standard because there is no control to measure the differential compared with the ambient temperature. The committee also considered that both of the samples of composted material used in the inter-laboratory evaluation were so
4、 stable that neither generated enough heat to raise the temperature sufficiently above the ambient temperature under which the test was conducted. The measurements were conducted at 22 2 C and the mean max-imum temperatures of the two samples were 22.26 C and 25.30 C respectively. The purpose of the
5、 self-heating test is to assess the degree of stability of the composted material but because stable material was used for the validation there is no information about the precision of this method. Stability is a very important parameter when selecting composted material to use as a growing medium c
6、onstituent. Until the method has been validated with immature composts, the precision of the method is undefined. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/20, Top soil and other growing media.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained
7、 on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 70567 0ICS 65.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Briti
8、sh Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16087-2:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16087-2 November 2011 ICS 65.080 English Version Soi
9、l improvers and growing media - Determination of the aerobic biological activity - Part 2: Self heating test for compost Amendements du sol et supports de culture - Dtermination de lactivit biologique arobie - Partie 2: Test dauto-chauffement pour compost Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate
10、 - Bestimmung der aeroben biologischen Aktivitt - Teil 2: Selbsterhitzungstest fr Kompost This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the st
11、atus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
12、German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cro
13、atia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARD
14、IZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16087-2:2011: EBS EN 16087-2:2011EN 16087-2:2011 (E) 2
15、Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Principle 43 Apparatus .43.1 Dewar vessel 43.2 Temperature measurement device 43.3 Sieve 43.4 Temperature controlled room or climate cabinet .44 Procedure .44.1 General 44.2 Sample preparation .44.2.1 General 44.2.2 Fist test .44.3 Determination of self-heating .55
16、 Expression of results 66 Test report 6Annex A (informative) Validation .7Bibliography 8BS EN 16087-2:2011EN 16087-2:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16087-2:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media”, the secretariat of which is held by ASI. Th
17、is European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
18、ents of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Care should be taken when handling substances of caustic nature or samples that may contain sharps or are of a dusty nature. A
19、ccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
20、 Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16087-2:2011EN 16087-2:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a method to determine the aerobic biological activity
21、using a self-heating test. This method is only applicable to composted material. 2 Principle Measurement of self-heating in a Dewar vessel and measurement of the maximum temperature, where the temperature is an indicator of the state of aerobic biological activity. 3 Apparatus 3.1 Dewar vessel Volum
22、e 1,5 l, internal diameter (100 3) mm. 3.2 Temperature measurement device Capable of recording a maximum temperature. 3.3 Sieve 10 mm mesh size. 3.4 Temperature controlled room or climate cabinet 4 Procedure 4.1 General The self-heating test shall be carried out as soon as possible after sampling. I
23、f a delay to the start of testing cannot be avoided, cool storage (5 3) C for up to three days) of the samples is then necessary. Ensure that the temperature of the sample material corresponds to a temperature of (22 2) C at the beginning of the test. Record the ambient temperature during the trial
24、to ensure that the required temperature is maintained. 4.2 Sample preparation 4.2.1 General The fresh test sample is sieved 10 mm (see 3.3). If more than 30 % of the material is retained on the sieve, the method is not appropriate. The moisture content is adjusted according to the results of a fist
25、test (see 4.2.2). 4.2.2 Fist test The fist test shall be carried out wearing protective gloves. BS EN 16087-2:2011EN 16087-2:2011 (E) 5 The material to be tested shall be adjusted to a moisture content that is optimal for microbial processes prior to testing. The compost sample is pressed in the fis
26、t. If water beads escape between the fingers, the sample is too wet. If the sample crumbles in the hand when the fist is opened, without further action, the sample is too dry. Suitable moisture content is present if the pressed sample forms an aggregate which crumbles under mild pressure, after the
27、fist has been opened; if, on the contrary, it only deforms, it is too wet. The optimal moisture content is that which may be described as “moist as a well-squeezed sponge“. When moistening excessively dry sample material the water shall be mixed into the sample material in such a manner that it is e
28、venly absorbed. In the case of very dry samples, this process requires thorough mixing at intervals. This procedure shall last no more than 8 h. Excessively moist samples shall be carefully air-dried ( 30 C) and thoroughly mixed thereafter. The maximum time from sampling to the start of the test sha
29、ll not exceed five days. 4.3 Determination of self-heating After optimisation of the moisture content, the Dewar vessels (see 3.1) are filled up to the rim with loosely poured compost, tapping the test containers on a base, and the sensor of the temperature measurement device (see 3.2) is placed app
30、roximately 3 cm above the inside bottom of the vessel. The vessels shall be set up without covering (see Figure 1). The room temperature shall be maintained at (22 2) C for the entire duration. As a rule the temperature maximum (Tmax) in the sample is reached after two to five days. NOTE If a high p
31、recision for the monitoring of the temperature rise is required (for example for materials low in biological activity like “mature“ composts), the test should be carried out under temperature controlled conditions. Key 1 temperature measurement device 2 open Dewar vessel 3 sample Figure 1 Setup of t
32、he measurement BS EN 16087-2:2011EN 16087-2:2011 (E) 6 The test ends after the temperature maximum has been reached and the temperature is dropping, but after ten days at the latest. The measurement shall be performed in duplicate. 5 Expression of results The result Tmaxis expressed as the mean from
33、 both measurements in C with an accuracy of one decimal place. 6 Test report The test report shall contain at least the following: a) a reference to this standard; b) all data required for a complete identification of the sample; c) the maximum temperature in C, rounded to one decimal place; d) if r
34、equired, the temperature profile of the sample during analysis; e) details of all work cycles not contained in this standard or that were considered optional, as well as all factors that may have influenced the results. BS EN 16087-2:2011EN 16087-2:2011 (E) 7 Annex A (informative) Validation In Tabl
35、e A.1, the results of the interlaboratory trial are shown. Table A.1 Summary of the results of the self heating test TmaxC Sample compost 1 compost 2 C Number of laboratories retained after eliminating outliers 14 14 Number of outliers (laboratories) 0 0 Mean value 22,26 25,30 Repeatability standard
36、 deviation, sr 1,16 1,14 Repeatability relative standard deviation 0,05 0,05 Repeatability limit, r = 2,8 sr3,25 3,19 Reproducibility standard deviation, sR2,19 2,59 Reproducibility relative standard deviation 0,10 0,10 Reproducibility limit, r = 2,8 sR6,13 7,25 BS EN 16087-2:2011EN 16087-2:2011 (E)
37、 8 Bibliography 1 Anonym, 1996, Ergebnisbericht Ringversuch 1995, Herausgeber: Bundesgtegemeinschaft Kompost e.V., BGK-Nr. 223 2 Jourdan, B., 1988, Zur Kennzeichnung des Rottegrades von Mll- und Mllklrschlammkomposten, Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft 30, ESV Erich-Schmidt-Verlag, Berlin 3
38、RAL-GZ 251:1999, Kompost Gtesicherung, Beuth Verlag GmbH 4 DIN 12492, Laboratory glassware Instruments with vacuum-jacket insulation This page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standardsand other standards-related publications, information
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