1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16449:2014Wood and wood-basedproducts Calculation ofthe biogenic carbon contentof wood and conversion tocarbon dioxideBS EN 16449:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16449:2014.The UK participation in its preparati
2、on was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/543, Round and sawn timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicatio
3、n. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 78947 2ICS 79.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31
4、 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16449:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16449 March 2014 ICS 79.040 English Version Wood and wood-based products - Calculation of the biogenic carbon content of wood and conversion to carbon dioxide Produit
5、s en bois et drivs du bois - Calcul du contenu en carbone biognique du bois et conversion en dioxyde de carbone Holz und Holzprodukte - Berechnung des biogenen Kohlenstoffgehalts im Holz und Umrechnung in Kohlenstoffdioxid This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 December 2013. CEN members a
6、re bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
7、 the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management C
8、entre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu
9、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-
10、1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16449:2014 EBS EN 16449:2014EN 16449:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Wood the ba
11、sic material 5 5 Calculating carbon dioxide based on biogenic carbon content .5 Annex A (informative) Formula (1), Calculation example7 Bibliography 8 BS EN 16449:2014EN 16449:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16449:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawm timber
12、”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014.
13、 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizatio
14、ns of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
15、 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16449:2014EN 16449:2014 (E) 4 Introduction By the process of photosynthesis, growing trees absorb (sequester) atmospheric carbon dioxide which is then, together with
16、the release of some of the oxygen back into the atmosphere, incorporated, within the cambium, into the cells of the tree as both wood and bark. The absorbed carbon dioxide is effectively fixed in the wood as biogenic carbon. When using wood, that biogenic carbon is transferred to the product system.
17、 Wood products therefore constitute a pool (reservoir) of biogenic carbon for the duration of their service lifetime as those products. At end-of-life, that carbon leaves the product system; in the case of use for energy generation the biogenic carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide and released back
18、into the atmosphere. This European Standard provides a calculation method to quantify the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide based on that biogenic carbon content. The information can also be used to estimate the potential benefits associated with carbon storage in wood and wood-based products; fo
19、r example, by building designers in the early stages of the building design process. It also provides the basis for that information as required by product category rules and the development of EPDs. EN 16485, Round and sawn timber - Environmental Product Declarations - Product category rules for wo
20、od and wood-based products for use in construction, addresses the aspects of wood and wood-based products as required for life-cycle assessment. This European Standard can also be used in the context of the work of other CEN committees, e.g. CEN/TC 112, CEN/TC 124, CEN/TC 350 and CEN/TC 411. BS EN 1
21、6449:2014EN 16449:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard provides a calculation method to quantify the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide based on the biogenic carbon content of wood. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following
22、 terms and definitions apply. 3.1 moisture content mass of moisture in wood expressed as a percentage of its oven-dry mass SOURCE: EN 844-4:1997 4 Wood the basic material Wood, depending on the tree species, comprises, in varying amounts, cellulose (40 % to 55 %), hemi-cellulose (12 % to 15 %), lign
23、in (15 % to 30 %) and extractives (2 % to 15 %). From that it is determined that wood is, by weight, 50 % carbon. For the purpose of this European Standard, the value of the carbon fraction of woody biomass is taken as 0,5. The other main elemental constituents are oxygen (44 %) and hydrogen (6 %).
24、Some species also contain small amounts of mineral deposits which are of no significance in this instance. Trees and wood also contain moisture in various forms and in various amounts. Wood will generally be dried down to moisture contents commensurate with end use. The moisture content of some wood
25、-based products will be commensurate with the manufacturing process. The amount of moisture in wood has a bearing on both size and density; as moisture is removed wood shrinks and density decreases. As the amount of absorbed carbon dioxide is being determined based on the given volume and density of
26、 wood and wood-based products being used, the moisture content of the wood at that time will also be required. NOTE EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in
27、 Europe, provides density values at 12 % moisture content for the listed species. 12 % is commonly used as the reference moisture content when determining the properties of wood; in the absence of more specific product details, 12 % moisture content and the density values as provided in EN 350-2 may
28、 be used as default values. 5 Calculating carbon dioxide based on biogenic carbon content The calculation is based on the atomic weights of carbon (12) and carbon dioxide (44). Based on the product biogenic carbon content and the volume of wood, density and moisture content the following formula sha
29、ll be used: 244121100COVP cf= +(1) BS EN 16449:2014EN 16449:2014 (E) 6 where PCO2is the biogenic carbon oxidized as carbon dioxide emission from the product system into the atmosphere (e.g. energy use at the end-of-life) (kg); cf is the carbon fraction of woody biomass (oven dry mass), 0,5 as the de
30、fault value; is the moisture content of the product (e.g. 12 (%); is the density of woody biomass of the product at that moisture content (kg/m3); Vis the volume of the solid wood product at that moisture content (m3). For wood-based products, wood volume content V= VP x percentage of wood. VP is th
31、e gross volume of the wood-based product. A calculation example is provided in Annex A. BS EN 16449:2014EN 16449:2014 (E) 7 Annex A (informative) Formula (1), Calculation example Consider 25 m3of European whitewood incorporated into a building as glulam or cross-laminated timber from EN 350-2 the de
32、nsity value of European whitewood at 12 % moisture content is 460 kg/m3. Using Formula (1), atmospheric carbon dioxide based on biogenic carbon content of, say, 95 % of the total volume by way of allowance for the glue content, amounts to 17 883 kg. 2244 460 25 0,950,5 17 883 kg CO12121100CO= =+P (A
33、.1) In any situation, if the precise moisture content of the wood and wood products is uncertain, a higher moisture content for a given volume of wood will provide a more conservative estimation of carbon dioxide. For any project, estimation of the total amount of carbon dioxide is determined by qua
34、ntifying the volume of wood of each species used in each wood and wood-based product in each application and applying the above calculation in each case, (i.e. P1co2+ P2co2, etc.). BS EN 16449:2014EN 16449:2014 (E) 8 Bibliography 1 EN 350-2:1994, Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural
35、durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe 2 EN 844-4:1997, Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 4: Terms relating to moisture content 3 EN 16485, Round and sawn timber - Environmental Product Declarations -
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