1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16602-70-01:2014Space product assurance Cleanliness and contaminationcontrolBS EN 16602-70-01:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16602-70-01:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCo
2、mmittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standard
3、s Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84418 8ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2014.Amendment
4、s issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16602-70-01:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16602-70-01 October 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space product assurance - Cleanliness and contamination control Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Contrle de la propret et
5、 de la contamination Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Reinheit und Verunreinigungskontrolle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 March 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard t
6、he status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (
7、English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards
8、bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Pola
9、nd, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Memb
10、ers. Ref. No. EN 16602-70-01:2014 EBS EN 16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 6 Introduction 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 10 3.1 Terms from other standards 10 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 10 3.3 Ab
11、breviated terms. 14 4 Principles 16 5 Requirements 17 5.1 Cleanliness and contamination control programme. 17 5.1.1 General . 17 5.1.2 Documentation 17 5.1.3 Contamination budget . 18 5.1.4 Contamination predictions . 18 5.1.5 Contamination prediction with respect to budget . 19 5.1.6 Cleanliness an
12、d contamination process flow chart 19 5.2 Phases . 20 5.2.1 Design . 20 5.2.2 MAIT . 22 5.2.3 pre-launch and launch . 23 5.2.4 Mission 24 5.3 Environments 25 5.3.1 Cleanrooms. 25 5.3.2 Vacuum facilities . 33 5.3.3 Other facilities . 34 5.4 Activities . 34 5.4.1 Cleaning of hardware 34 5.4.2 Cleanlin
13、ess monitoring of space hardware 36 BS EN 16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 3 5.4.3 Cleanliness verification . 39 5.4.4 Packaging, containerization, transportation, storage . 42 Annex A (normative) Cleanliness requirement specification (CRS) - DRD 44 A.1 DRD identification . 44 A.1.1 Requireme
14、nt identification and source document 44 A.1.2 Purpose and objective . 44 A.2 Expected response . 45 A.2.1 Scope and content 45 A.2.2 Special remarks 46 Annex B (normative) Cleanliness and contamination control plan (C&CCP) - DRD 47 B.1 DRD identification . 47 B.1.1 Requirement identification and so
15、urce document 47 B.1.2 Purpose and objective . 47 B.2 Expected response . 48 B.2.1 Scope and content 48 B.2.2 Special remarks 50 Annex C (informative) Cleanliness and contamination control process overview . 51 Annex D (informative) Guidelines for general cleanliness and contamination control . 52 D
16、.1 General . 52 D.2 Contamination attributes . 52 D.2.1 Typical contaminants and their sources 52 D.2.2 Transport mechanisms 58 D.2.3 Main effects of contamination on space systems 59 Annex E (informative) Cleanliness-oriented design 61 Annex F (informative) Modelling guidelines 63 Annex G (informat
17、ive) Airborne particulate cleanliness classes equivalence 64 Annex H (informative) Particulate levels on surfaces . 65 H.1 Standard method 1: Particle distribution . 65 H.2 Standard method 2: Obscuration factor 65 H.2.1 Overview . 65 H.2.2 Correlation for particles on surfaces 65 BS EN 16602-70-01:2
18、014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 4 Annex I (informative) Compatibility of various solvents with listed materials. 67 Annex J (informative) evaporation residue of commercially available solvents 69 Annex K (informative) Molecular contaminant content of some wipe materials. 70 Annex L (informative) Effects
19、of humidity on materials and components 71 Annex M (informative) Cleaning methods 72 M.1 Removal of particulate contamination . 72 M.1.1 Overview . 72 M.1.2 Vacuum cleaning and wiping . 72 M.1.3 Gas jet cleaning 72 M.1.4 Tapes and films trapping . 73 M.2 Removal of molecular contamination 73 M.2.1 O
20、verview . 73 M.2.2 Mechanical cleaning 73 M.2.3 Solvent and detergent cleaning . 73 M.2.4 Films trapping . 73 M.2.5 Gas jet cleaning 73 M.2.6 Plasma cleaning 74 M.2.7 Bakeout . 74 M.2.8 Ultra-violet-ozone cleaning 74 Bibliography . 75 Figures Figure 5-1: Graphical representation of ISO-class concent
21、ration limits for selected ISO classes . 27 Figure C-1 : Cleanliness and contamination control process overview . 51 Tables Table 5-1: Outgassing criteria for materials in the vicinity of sensitive items around RT . 21 Table 5-2: Outgassing criteria for materials in the vicinity of sensitive items a
22、t temperature below RT 21 Table 5-3: Outgassing criteria for materials in the vicinity of cryogenic surfaces . 21 Table 5-4: Selected airborne particulate cleanliness classes for cleanrooms and other controlled environment . 28 Table 5-5: Correlation airborne and PFO for cleanrooms . 29 BS EN 16602-
23、70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 5 Table G-1 : Classification system . 64 Table H-1 : Correlation between ideal class of IEST-STD-CC1246D and obscuration factor 66 Table I-1 : Examples of compatibility of various solvents with listed materials 68 Table J-1 : Commercially available solvents evaporat
24、ion residue . 69 Table K-1 : Molecular contaminant content of some wipe materials . 70 Table L-1 : Effect of humidity on materials and components . 71 BS EN 16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 6 Foreword This document (EN 16602-70-01:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “S
25、pace”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16602-70-01:2014) originates from ECSS-Q-ST-70-01C. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2015, and conflicting na
26、tional standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has bee
27、n prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace
28、). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
29、Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 7 Introduction The objective of this S
30、tandard is to ensure a successful mission by the definition of acceptable contamination levels for space system elements, their achievement, and maintenance, throughout performance assessment versus contamination, facilities and tools definition for contamination control and monitoring, materials an
31、d processes selection, and planning of activities. BS EN 16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 8 1 Scope The purpose of this standard is to define: The selection of critical items, the definition of cleanliness requirements to satisfy the mission performance requirements and control the levels to
32、be met by personnel, items, facilities and operations of space projects. The management, including organization, reviews and audits, acceptance status and documentation control. It covers design, development, production, testing, operation of space products, launch and mission. In this standard are
33、also guidelines given for identification of possible failures and malfunctions due to contamination and guidelines for achieving and maintaining the required cleanliness levels during ground activities, launch and mission. This Standard applies to all types and combinations of projects, organization
34、s and products, and during all the project phases, except manned missions. It also applies to those ground systems that have a hardware interface to space systems, such as MGSE integration stands. This Standard does not address magnetic, electrical or electrostatic cleanliness. This Standard does no
35、t address completely biocontamination aspects. However, references to relevant ECSS standards are provided. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. BS EN 16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 9 2 Normative re
36、ferences The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revision of any of these publications do not apply, However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS S
37、tandard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system Gl
38、ossary of terms EN 16602-10-09 ECSS-Q-ST-10-09 Space product assurance Nonconformance control system EN 16602-20 ECSS-Q-ST-20 Space product assurance Quality assurance EN 16602-20-07 ECSS-Q-ST-20-07 Space product assurance Quality assurance for test centres EN 16602-70 ECSS-Q-ST-70 Space product ass
39、urance Materials, mechanical parts and processes EN 16602-70-02 ECSS-Q-ST-70-02 Space product assurance Thermal vacuum outgassing test for the screening of space materials EN 16602-70-29 ECSS-Q-ST-70-29 Space product assurance Determination of offgassing products from materials and assembled article
40、s to used in manned space vehicle crew compartment EN 16602-70-50 ECSS-Q-ST-70-50 Space product assurance Particle contamination monitoring for spacecraft systems and cleanrooms EN 16602-70-53 ECSS-Q-ST-70-53 Space product assurance Material and hardware compatibility test for sterilization processe
41、s EN 16602-70-55 ECSS-Q-ST-70-55 Space product assurance Microbial examination of flight hardware and cleanrooms EN 16602-70-58 ECSS-Q-ST-70-58 Space product assurance Bioburden control of cleanrooms ISO 14644 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments IEST-STD-CC1246D Product cleanliness lev
42、els and contamination control program BS EN 16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 10 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-ST-00-01 and ECSS-Q-ST-70 apply. 3.2 Terms specific to the present st
43、andard 3.2.1 airborne particle particle suspended in air 3.2.2 airborne particle cleanliness class level of cleanliness specified by the maximum allowable number of particles per cubic metre (or cubic foot) of air 3.2.3 bakeout activity of increasing the temperature of hardware to accelerate its out
44、gassing rates with the intent of reducing the content of molecular contaminants within the hardware NOTE Bakeout is usually performed in a vacuum environment, but can be done in a controlled atmosphere. 3.2.4 biocontamination contamination of materials, devices, individuals, surfaces, liquids, gases
45、 or air with viable particles ISO 14698-1:2003, 3.1.4 ISO 14698-2:2003, 3.4 3.2.5 cleaning actions to reduce the contamination level 3.2.6 cleanliness (contamination) control any organized action to control the level of contamination 3.2.7 cleanliness level quantitative level of contamination BS EN
46、16602-70-01:2014EN 16602-70-01:2014 (E) 11 3.2.8 cleanliness verification activity intended to verify that the actual cleanliness conditions of the space system, the cleanrooms or the vacuum chambers are in conformance with the applicable specifications and other cleanliness requirements 3.2.9 clean
47、room room in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled, and which is constructed and used in a manner to minimize the introduction, generation and retention of particles inside the room, and in which other relevant parameters, e.g. temperature, humidity and pressure, are controlled
48、 as necessary ISO 14644-6 3.2.10 clean zone dedicated space in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled, and which is constructed and used in a manner to minimize the introduction, generation and retention of particles inside the room, and in which other relevant parameters, e.g.
49、temperature, humidity and pressure, are controlled as necessary ISO 14644-6 NOTE This zone can be open or enclosed and can or can not be located within a cleanroom. 3.2.11 contaminant any unwanted molecular or particulate matter (including microbiological matter) on the surface or in the environment of interest, that can affect or degrade the relevant performance or life time 3.2.12 contaminate, to act of introducing any contaminant 3.2.13 contamination budget permissible contamination levels defined at different stages of the life of the ins
