1、BS EN 50492:2008ICS 13.280; 17.220.20; 33.070.01NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDBasic standard for thein-situ measurementof electromagneticfield strength relatedto human exposurein the vicinity of basestationsIncorporating Corrigendum March 2009L
2、icensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 January2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 67360 3 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Com
3、mentsBS EN 50492:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50492:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/106, Human exposure to low frequency and highfrequency electromagnetic radiation.A list of organizations represented o
4、n this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.31 March 2009 Correcti
5、on to poor quality figuresLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50492 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM November 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electro
6、technique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 50492:2008 E ICS 17.220.20; 33.070.01 English version Basic
7、 standard for the in-situ measurement of electromagnetic field strength related to human exposure in the vicinity of base stations Norme de base pour la mesure du champ lectromagntique sur site, en relation avec lexposition du corps humain proximit des stations de base Grundnorm fr die Messung der e
8、lektromagnetischen Feldstrke am Aufstell- und Betriebsort von Basisstationen in Bezug auf die Sicherheit von in ihrer Nhe befindlichen Personen This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
9、the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exi
10、sts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national elec
11、trotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switze
12、rland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 50492:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 50492:2008 2 Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 106X, Electromagnetic fields in the human environment. T
13、he text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50492 on 2008-09-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-09-01 latest
14、date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-09-01 This European Standard has been prepared under Mandate M/305 given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and covers essential requirements of EC Directive RTTED
15、(1999/5/EC). _ BS EN 50492:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 EN 50492:2008 Contents 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Physical quantities, units and constants 10 4.1 Quantities 10 4.2 Constants 10
16、5 General process 10 6 Site analysis and case determination . 12 6.1 Introduction 12 6.2 RF sources to be considered 12 6.3 Case determination . 12 7 Determination of field quantity to measure in relation to the distance to source antennas . 13 8 Requirements of measurement systems 13 8.1 General 13
17、 8.2 Technical requirements of measurement systems . 14 9 Measurement procedures . 16 9.1 General requirements 16 9.2 Field strength assessment 16 10 Assessment of the field strength at maximum traffic of a cellular network . 18 11 Uncertainty . 19 11.1 Requirement for expanded uncertainty . 19 11.2
18、 Uncertainty estimation . 19 12 Presentation of results 22 Annex A (informative) Main services operating RF . 23 Annex B (informative) Sweeping method . 24 B.1 Measurement setup . 24 B.2 Measurement method . 24 B.3 Discussion on advantages and disadvantages of the method 24 B.4 References 25 Annex C
19、 (informative) Example of broadband equipment use. 26 C.1 General 26 C.2 Locating the point of maximum exposure . 26 Annex D (informative) Spectrum analyser settings . 28 D.1 Introduction 28 D.2 Detection algorithms 28 D.3 Resolution bandwidth and channel power processing 29 D.4 Integration per serv
20、ice . 31 BS EN 50492:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 50492:2008 4 Annex E (informative) Measuring and evaluating different broadcast signals in respect to EMF . 32 E.1 FM radio 32 E.2 DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting; Digitalra
21、dio) . 32 E.3 Long wave, medium wave and short wave service . 32 E.4 DRM (Digital Radio Mondial) . 33 E.5 Analog (PAL and SECAM modulation) . 33 E.6 DVB-T 34 Annex F (informative) WCDMA measurement and calibration using a code domain analyser 35 F.1 General 35 F.2 Requirements for the code domain an
22、alyser 35 F.3 Antenna factor . 36 F.4 Calibration . 37 Annex G (informative) Influence of human body on probe measurements of the electrical field strength . 40 G.1 Simulations of the influence of human body on probe measurements based on the method of moments (surface equivalence principle) 40 G.2
23、Comparison with measurements . 41 G.3 Conclusions . 42 Annex H (informative) Spatial averaging 43 H.1 Introduction 43 H.2 Small-scale fading variations 44 H.3 Error on the estimation of local average power density 44 H.4 Characterization of environment statistical properties 45 H.5 Characterisation
24、of different averaging schemes 45 H.6 Example of uncertainty assessment . 49 H.7 References 49 Annex I (informative) Maximum traffic estimation of cellular network contribution 50 I.1 General 50 I.2 GSM and estimation of the exposure at maximum traffic . 50 I.3 UMTS and estimation of the exposure at
25、 maximum traffic . 51 I.4 Influence of traffic in real operating network . 51 I.5 Maximum traffic estimation for TETRA and TETRAPOL PMR cellular network contribution . 52 Annex J (informative) WiFi measurements. 55 J.1 General 55 J.2 Integration time for reproducible measurements 55 J.3 Channel occu
26、pation . 56 J.4 Some considerations . 56 J.5 Scalability by channel occupation . 57 J.6 Influence of the application layers . 57 Annex K (informative) Examples of implementation of this standard in the context of Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC . 58 K.1 Purpose . 58 K.2 General considerations . 5
27、8 K.3 Evaluation of broadband results 58 K.4 Evaluation of frequency selective results 59 Bibliography 60 BS EN 50492:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 EN 50492:2008 Figures Figure 1 Alternative routes to determine in-situ the e
28、lectromagnetic field for human exposure assessment 11 Figure 2 Location of measurement points for spatial averaging 17 Figure D.1 Spectral occupancy for GMSK. 29 Figure D.2 Spectral occupancy for WCDMA . 30 Figure F.1 Channel allocation 35 Figure F.2 Decoder power range versus antenna factor and cab
29、le losses for satisfying selective measurement requirements . 37 Figure G.1 Simulation arrangement 40 Figure G.2 Body influence . 41 Figure G.3 Simulation arrangement 42 Figure H.1 Physical model of small-scale fading variations 43 Figure H.2 Example of field strength variations in line of sight of
30、an antenna operating at 2,2 GHz . 43 Figure H.3 Error at 95 % on average power estimation 45 Figure H.4 343 measurement positions building a cube (centre) and different templates consisting of a different number of positions . 46 Figure H.5 Moving a template (Line 3) through the CUBE 47 Figure H.6 S
31、tandard deviations for GSM 900, DCS 1 800 and UMTS . 48 Figure I.1 Time variation over 24 h of the exposure induced by GSM 1 800 MHz (left) and FM (right) 52 Figure J.1 Example of WiFi frames . 55 Figure J.2 Channel occupation versus the integration time 55 Figure J.3 Channel occupation versus nomin
32、al throughput rate . 56 Figure J.4 WiFi spectrum trace snapshot 56 BS EN 50492:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 50492:2008 6 Tables Table 1 Quantities to measure at different distances from radio-stations . 13 Table 2 Broadband
33、 measurement system requirements 15 Table 3 Frequency selective measurement systems requirements 15 Table 4 Uncertainty assessment in controlled environment 20 Table 5 Uncertainty assessment in-situ . 21 Table A.1 Main services 23 Table D.1 Example of spectrum analyser settings for an integration pe
34、r service . 31 Table F.1 WCDMA decoder requirements 36 Table F.2 Signals configuration . 37 Table F 3 WCDMA generator setting for power linearity . 38 Table F.4 WCDMA generator setting for decoder calibration 38 Table F.5 WCDMA generator setting for reflection coefficient measurement . 39 Table G.1
35、Maximum simulated error due to the influence of a human body on the measurement values of an omni-directional probe . 41 Table G.2 Measured influence of a human body on omni-directional probe measurements 42 Table H.1 Uncertainty a 95 % for different fading models . 45 Table H.2 Correlation coeffici
36、ents for GSM 900 and DCS 1 800 47 Table H.3 Variations of the standard deviations for the GSM 900, DCS 1 800 and UMTS frequency band . 48 Table H.4 Examples of total uncertainty calculation 49 Table K.1 Example of a results table for broadband measurements of the electric field strength at one measu
37、rement point including an evaluation of compliance with exposure limits 59 Table K.2 Example of a results table for frequency selective measurements of the electric field strength at one measurement point including an evaluation of compliance with exposure limits . 59 BS EN 50492:2008Licensed Copy:
38、Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 EN 50492:2008 1 Scope This European Standard specifies in the vicinity of base station as defined in 3.2 the measurement methods, the measurement systems and the post processing that shall be used to determine in-
39、situ the electromagnetic field for human exposure assessment in the frequency range 100 kHz to 300 GHz. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
40、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 50383, Basic standard for the calculation and measurement of electromagnetic field strength and SAR related to human exposure from radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems (
41、110 MHz - 40 GHz) EN 50400, Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to general public exposure to radio frequency electr
42、omagnetic fields, when put into service 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 antenna device that serves as a transducer between a guided wave (e.g. coaxial cable) and a free space wave, or vice versa. In the present standard, if no
43、t mentioned, the term antenna is used only for emitting antenna(s) 3.2 base station (BS) fixed equipment for radio transmission intended for use in wireless telecommunications networks, such as those used in cellular communication, Wireless Local Area Networks, point-to-point communication and point
44、-to-multipoint communication according to ITU-R Recommendation F.592-3. Point to point and point to multi point communication equipment listed in “The European table of frequency allocations and utilisations covering the frequency range 9 kHz to 275 GHz” (ERC report 25) (see example in Annex A) are
45、considered. For the purpose of this standard, the term “base station” includes the radio station and the antenna 3.3 average (temporal) power (Pavg) the time-averaged rate of energy transfer defined by: Pavg_=1t2 t1P(t)dtt1t2where t1and t2are the start and stop time of the measurement. The period t2
46、- t1is the exposure duration time 3.4 averaging time (tavg) appropriate time over which exposure is averaged for purposes of determining compliance with the limits BS EN 50492:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 26/05/2009 03:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 50492:2008 8 3.5 e
47、lectric field strength (E) magnitude of a field vector at a point that represents the force (F) on a small test charge (q) divided by the charge qFErr=The electric field strength is expressed in units of volt per metre (V/m) 3.6 intrinsic impedance ratio of the electric field strength to the magneti
48、c field strength of a propagating electromagnetic wave. The intrinsic impedance of a plane wave in free space is 377 ohm 3.7 hemispherical isotropy maximum deviation of the field strength when rotating the probe around its major axis with the probe exposed to a reference wave, having varying inciden
49、ce angles relative to the axis of the probe, incident from the half space in front of the probe 3.8 probe isotropy degree to which the response of an electric field or magnetic field probe is independent of the polarization and direction of propagation of the incident wave 3.9 axial isotropy maximum deviation of the field strength when rotating around the major axis of the probe housing while the probe is exposed to a reference wave impinging from a dire
