1、BSI Standards PublicationPower transformersPart 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materialsBS EN 60076-14:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60076-14:2013. It isidentical to IEC 60076-14:2013. It supersedes DD IEC/TS 60076
2、-14:2009,which will be withdrawn on 21 October 2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PEL/14, Power transformers.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all
3、 the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 79076 8ICS 29.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standar
4、d was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60076-14:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60076-14 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM October 2013 CENELEC European Committ
5、ee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CE
6、NELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60076-14:2013 E ICS 29.180 English version Power transformers - Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials (IEC 60076-14:2013) Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 14: Transformateurs de puissance immergs dans du liquide utilis
7、ant des matriaux disolation haute temprature (CEI 60076-14:2013) Leistungstransformatoren - Teil 14: Flssigkeitsgefllte Leistungstransformatoren mit Hochtemperatur-Isolierstoffen (IEC 60076-14:2013) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-10-21. CENELEC members are bound to comply wit
8、h the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Manag
9、ement Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
10、same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
11、Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60076-14:2013EN 60076-14:2013 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 14/755/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60076-14, prepared by IEC/TC 1
12、4 “Power transformers“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60076-14:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-07
13、-21 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-10-21 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying a
14、ny or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60076-14:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60076-4
15、NOTE Harmonized in EN 60076-4. IEC 60216-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60216-1. IEC 60317 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60317 series. IEC 60422 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60422. IEC 60505 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60505. IEC 60567 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60567. IEC 60599 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60599. IEC 60641-3 NOTE Harmoni
16、zed in EN 60641-3 series. IEC 60674-3 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60674-3 series. IEC 60819-3 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60819-3 series. IEC 60851-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60851-4. IEC 60867 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60867. IEC 60893-3 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60893-3 series. BS EN 60076-14:2013- 3 - EN 60076-14:2013
17、IEC 60970 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60970. IEC 61039 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61039. IEC 61100 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61100. IEC 61203 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61203. IEC 61212-3 NOTE Harmonized in EN 61212-3 series. IEC 61629-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61629-1. BS EN 60076-14:2013EN 60076-14:2013 - 4 - Annex ZA
18、(normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
19、 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60076-1 - Power transformers
20、- Part 1: General EN 60076-1 - IEC 60076-2 - Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers EN 60076-2 - IEC 60076-5 - Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit EN 60076-5 - IEC 60076-7 - Power transformers - Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immerse
21、d power transformers - - IEC 60076-16 - Power transformers - Part 16: Transformers for wind turbines applications EN 60076-16 - IEC 60085 - Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation and designation EN 60085 - IEC 60137 - Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1 000 V EN 60137 - IEC 60214
22、-1 - Tap-changers - Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods EN 60214-1 - IEC 60296 - Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear EN 60296 - IEC 60836 - Specifications for unused silicone insulating liquids for electrotechnical p
23、urposes EN 60836 - IEC 61099 - Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes EN 61099 - IEC 61378-1 - Convertor transformers - Part 1: Transformers for industrial applications EN 61378-1 - IEC 61378-2 - Convertor transformers - Part 2: Transformers f
24、or HVDC applications EN 61378-2 - BS EN 60076-14:2013 2 60076-14 IEC:2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Insulation systems . 11 4.1 General 11 4.2 Winding insulation types 12 4.2.1 General 12 4.2.2 Summary of winding/system insulation types
25、13 4.2.3 Hybrid winding types 13 4.2.4 High-temperature insulation winding . 16 5 Temperature rise limits 17 5.1 General 17 5.2 Thermally upgraded paper (TUP) . 19 5.3 Cellulose used in ester liquid . 19 6 Components and materials 19 6.1 General 19 6.2 Leads and cables . 19 7 Special design consider
26、ations . 20 7.1 Short-circuit considerations 20 7.2 Dielectric requirements 20 7.3 Temperature requirements . 20 7.4 Overload 22 8 Required information . 23 8.1 Information to be provided by the purchaser 23 8.1.1 Ambient temperatures and loading cycle . 23 8.1.2 Other unusual service conditions 23
27、8.2 Information to be provided by the manufacturer . 23 8.2.1 Thermal characteristics . 23 8.2.2 Guarantees . 23 9 Rating plate and additional information 23 9.1 Rating plate . 23 9.2 Transformer manual . 24 10 Test requirements 24 10.1 Routine, type and special tests 24 10.2 Dissolved gas analysis
28、. 24 10.3 OD cooled compact transformers . 24 10.4 Evaluation of temperature-rise tests for windings with multiple hot-spots . 24 10.5 Dielectric type tests . 26 11 Supervision, diagnostics, and maintenance . 27 11.1 General 27 11.2 Transformers filled with mineral insulating oil . 27 11.3 Transform
29、ers filled with high-temperature insulating liquids . 27 Annex A (informative) Insulation materials . 28 BS EN 60076-14:201360076-14 IEC:2013 3 Annex B (informative) Rapid temperature increase and bubble generation . 35 Annex C (informative) Ester liquid and cellulose 38 Annex D (normative) Insulati
30、on system coding . 52 Bibliography 55 Figure 1 Example of semi-hybrid insulation windings . 14 Figure 2 Example of a mixed hybrid insulation winding 15 Figure 3 Example of full hybrid insulation windings 16 Figure 4 Example of high-temperature insulation system . 17 Figure 5 Temperature gradient con
31、ductor to liquid . 21 Figure 6 Modified temperature diagram for windings with mixed hybrid insulation system 26 Figure A.1 Example of a thermal endurance graph . 29 Figure B.1 Bubble evolution temperature chart. 36 Figure C.1 Tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester li
32、quid. 39 Figure C.2 Composite tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 40 Figure C.3 DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 41 Figure C.4 Composite DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid. 42 Figure C.5 Tensile
33、strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 42 Figure C.6 Composite tensile strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 43 Figure C.7 DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 43 Figure C.8 Composite
34、 DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 44 Figure C.9 Infrared spectra of kraft paper aged in liquid at 110 C for 175 days . 46 Figure C.10 Unit life versus temperature of TUP ageing data (least squares fit) . 48 Figure C.11 Unit life versus temperature of kraft pap
35、er ageing data (least squares fit) . 48 Table 1 Preferred insulation system thermal classes 12 Table 2 Winding/system insulation comparison 13 Table 3 Maximum continuous temperature rise limits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems 18 Table 4 Maximum continuous temperature rise limits for
36、transformers with high-temperature insulation systems . 19 Table 5 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems 22 Table 6 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for transformers with high-temperature insulation systems . 22 Table A.1 Typical p
37、roperties of solid insulation materials . 32 Table A.2 Typical enamels for wire insulation 33 Table A.3 Typical performance characteristics of unused insulating liquids 34 Table C.1 Effect of moisture solubility limits on cellulose moisture reduction 46 Table C.2 Comparison of ageing results. 47 BS
38、EN 60076-14:2013 4 60076-14 IEC:2013 Table C.3 Maximum temperature rise for ester liquid/cellulose insulation systems . 49 Table C.4 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for ester liquid/cellulose insulation systems 49 BS EN 60076-14:201360076-14 IEC:2013 7 INTRODUCTION This part of IEC 600
39、76 standardizes liquid-immersed transformers that use high-temperature insulation. As a system, the solid insulation may encompass a broad range of materials with varying degrees of thermal capability. The insulating and cooling liquids also vary substantially, ranging from mineral oil to a number o
40、f liquids that also have a range of thermal capability. This international standard is not intended to stand alone, but rather builds on the information and guidelines documented in other parts of the IEC 60076 series. Accordingly, this document follows two guiding principles. The first principle is
41、 that liquid-immersed transformers are well known and are well defined in other parts of this series and therefore, the details of these transformers are not repeated in this international standard, except where reference has value, or where repetition is considered appropriate for purposes of empha
42、sis or comparison. The second principle is that the materials used in normal liquid-immersed transformers, typically kraft paper, pressboard, wood, mineral oil, paint and varnish, which operate within temperature limits given in IEC 60076-2, are well known and are considered normal or conventional.
43、All other insulation materials, either solid or liquid that have a thermal capability higher than the materials used in this well-known system of insulation materials are considered high-temperature. Consequently, this standard or normal insulation system is defined as the “conventional” insulation
44、system for comparison purposes and these normal thermal limits are presented for reference to illustrate the differences between other higher-temperature systems. This international standard addresses loading, overloading, testing and accessories in the same manner. Only selected information for the
45、 “conventional” transformers is included for comparison purposes or for emphasis. All other references are directed to the appropriate IEC document. BS EN 60076-14:2013 8 60076-14 IEC:2013 POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials 1 Sc
46、ope This part of IEC 60076 applies to liquid-immersed power transformers employing either high-temperature insulation or combinations of high-temperature and conventional insulation, operating at temperatures above conventional limits. It is applicable to: power transformers in accordance with IEC 6
47、0076-1; convertor transformers according to IEC 61378 series; transformers for wind turbine applications in accordance with IEC 60076-16; arc furnace transformers; reactors in accordance with IEC 60076-6. This part of IEC 60076 may be applicable as a reference for the use of high-temperature insulat
48、ion materials in other types of transformers and reactors. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the lat
49、est edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60076-1, Power transformers Part 1: General IEC 60076-2, Power transformers Part 2: Temperature rise IEC 60076-5, Power transformers Part 5: Ability to withstand short-circuit IEC 60076-7, Power transformers Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers IEC 60076-16, Power transformers Part 16: Transformers for wind turbine applications IEC 60085, Electrical in
