1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60953-2:1996 IEC 953-2: 1990 Incorporating Amendment No.1 Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests Part 2: Method B: Wide range of accuracy for various types and sizes of turbines The European Standard EN60953-2:1995 has the status of a British Standard ICS27.040BSEN 6
2、0953-2:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July1996 BSI05-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MCE
3、/13 Draft announced in BSI News ISBN 0 580 25631 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/13, Steam turbines, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers Electricity
4、Supply Industry in England and Wales North of Scotland Hydro-electric Board Power Generation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) South of Scotland Electricity Board Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 9860 February 1998 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBSEN60953-2:1996 BSI 05-1999 i
5、Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN60953-2 5 List of references Inside back coverBSEN60953-2:1996 ii BSI 05-19998 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee MCE/13 and is the English language version
6、 of EN60953-2:1995 Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests Part2: Method B Wide range of accuracy for various types and sizes of turbines, published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). It is identical with IEC953-2:1990 published by the International El
7、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC). It supersedes BS752:1974 and BS5968:1980, which are withdrawn. For graphical symbols and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, rearders are referred to: IEC Publication27: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology IEC Publication617:
8、Graphical symbols for diagrams The symbols and signs contained in the present publication have either been taken from IEC Publication27 or617, or have been specifically approved for the purpose of this publication. For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC Publication50: International Ele
9、ctrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), which is issued in the form of separate chapters each dealing with a specific field, the General Index being published as a separate booklet. Full details of the IEV will be supplied on request 1) . The terms and definitions contained in the present publication have e
10、ither been taken from the IEV or specifically approved for the purpose of this publication. Some Sections and Parts of BS4727 are identical with or technically equivalent to IEC Publication50. All Parts of BS3939, except for Part1, are identical with IEC Publication617. EN60953-2 was produced as a r
11、esult of international discussion in which the United Kingdom took an active part. The drawings on pages24 and25 constitute Amendment No. 1 to BS EN60953-2 and are the result of the standard becoming a print on demand item. The amendment consists of the removal of two A3 circuit diagrams on pages24
12、and25 and their replacement by the two A4 sheets. There are no changes to the text or re-pagination. 1) Available from Sales Department, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.BS EN60953-2:1996 BSI 05-1999 iii Cross-references A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary prov
13、isions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard IEC34-2:1972 BS4999 General requirements for rotating e
14、lectrical machines Part102:1987 Methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) IEC41:1991 a BS EN60041:1995 Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines ISO31-3:1992 BS5775 Sp
15、ecification for quantities, units and symbols Part3:1993 Mechanics ISO5167-1:1991 b BS1042 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits Part1: Pressure differential devices Section1.1:1992 Specification for square-edged orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section con
16、duits running full a Revision of IEC41:1963 to which normative reference is made in the text. b Revision of ISO5167:1980 to which normative reference is made in the text. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi toiv, theENtitle page, pages2 to100, an ins
17、ide back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.iv blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN60953-2 December1995 ICS27.040 Descriptors
18、: Turbine, steam apparatus, thermal test, acceptance test, accuracy, measurement technology, thermal efficiency English version Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests Part2:Method B Wide range of accuracy for various types and sizes of turbines (IEC953-2:1990) Rgles pour les essais thermiq
19、ues de rception des turbines vapeur Partie 2: Mthode B Prcision de divers degrs pour multiples modles et tailles de turbines (CEI953-2:1990) Regeln fr wrmetechnische Abnahmemessung an Dampfturbinen Teil 2: Methode B Weiter Genauigkeitsbereich fr unterschiedliche Bauarten und Baugren von Dampfturbine
20、n (IEC953-2:1990) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on1995-05-15. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and
21、 bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibil
22、ity of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norw
23、ay, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1995 Copyright reserve
24、d to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN60953-2:1995EEN60953-2:1995 BSI 05-1999 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard IEC953-2:1990, prepared by IEC TC5, Steamturbines, was submitted to the formal voteand was approved by CENELEC0 as EN60953-2 on1995-05-15 without any modification. The following
25、dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard,Appendix B, Appendix F,Appendix G andAnnex ZA are normative andAppendix A,Appendix C, Appendix D andAppendix E are informative. Ann
26、ex ZA has been added by CENELEC. latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard (dop)1996-07-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow)1996-07-01EN60953-2:1995 BSI 05-1999 3 C
27、ontents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 5 1 Scope and object 7 1.1 Scope 7 1.2 Object 7 1.3 Matters to be considered in the contract 7 2 Units, symbols, terms and definitions 8 2.1 General 8 2.2 Symbols, units 8 2.3 Subscripts, superscripts and definitions 9 2.4 Definition of guarantee values and test
28、results 11 3 Guiding principles 15 3.1 Advance planning for test 15 3.2 Preparatory agreements and arrangements for tests 15 3.3 Planning of the test 16 3.4 Preparation of the tests 16 3.5 Comparison measurements 19 3.6 Settings for tests 20 3.7 Preliminary tests 20 3.8 Acceptance tests 20 3.9 Repet
29、ition of acceptance tests 22 4 Measuring techniques and measuring instruments 22 4.1 General 22 4.2 Measurement of power 27 4.3 Flow measurement 29 4.4 Pressure measurement (excluding condensing turbine exhaust pressure) 34 4.5 Condensing turbine exhaust pressure measurement 38 4.6 Temperature measu
30、rement 39 4.7 Steam quality measurement 41 4.8 Time measurement 48 4.9 Speed measurement 48 5 Evaluation of tests 48 5.1 Preparation of evaluation 48 5.2 Computation of results 49 6 Correction of test results and comparison with guarantee 50 6.1 Guarantee values and guarantee conditions 50 Page 6.2
31、Correction of initial steam flow capacity 51 6.3 Correction of maximum output 51 6.4 Correction of thermal and thermodynamic efficiency 51 6.5 Definition and application of correction values 52 6.6 Correction methods 52 6.7 Variables to be considered in the correction 54 6.8 Guarantee comparison 56
32、6.9 Deterioration of turbine performance (ageing) 58 7 Measuring uncertainty 58 7.1 General 58 7.2 Determination of measuring uncertainty of steam and water properties 59 7.3 Calculation of measuring uncertainty of output 61 7.4 Determination of measuring uncertainty of mass flow 61 7.5 Calculation
33、of measuring uncertainty of results 62 Appendix A Feedwater heater leakage and condenser leakage tests 65 Appendix B Throat tap nozzle 65 Appendix C Evaluation of multiple measurements, compatibility 69 Appendix D Mass flow balances 70 Appendix E Typical generalized correction curves for correction
34、of tests results according to guarantee conditions 72 Appendix F Short statistical definition of measuring uncertainty and error propagation inacceptance tests 91 Appendix G Calculation of measuring uncertainty of output Electrical measurement 93 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to internat
35、ional publications withtheircorresponding European publications 100 Figure 1 Diagram for interpretation of symbols and subscripts 12 Figure 2 Diagram showing location and type of test instrumentation (fossil fuel plant) 24EN60953-2:1995 BSI 05-1999 4 Page Figure 3 Diagram showing location and type o
36、f test instrumentation (nuclear plant) 25 Figure 4 Throttle steam quality calculationsforboiling water reactor 44 Figure 5 Throttle steam quality calculationsforpressurized water reactor 45 Figure 6 Typical installation of injection andsampling points 46 Figure 7 Oxygen content of sample stream 47 F
37、igure 8 Typical correction curves 54 Figure 9 Guarantee comparison on locus curve 57 Figure 10 Correction factor for steam tabletolerance 60 Figure B1 Throat-tap flow nozzle 66 Figure B2 Typical nozzle calibration curvefor =0.43. For other values of withintherange0.250.50: C = C ( =0.43) +0.011339 0
38、.0049 67 Figure B3 Flow section 68 Figure B4 Boring in flow section upstreamofnozzle 68 Figure D1 Diagram of cycle for plant withsteamturbine with single reheating andfivestages of regenerative feedwater heatingextraction 71 Figure E1 Correction curve for main flowinfluence on bowl pressure 73 Figur
39、e E2 Correction curve for main steamflowinfluence on exhaust losses 74 Figure E3 Correction curve for main steamflowinfluence on mechanical efficiencyandgenerator efficiency 75 Figure E4 Correction curve for load factor 76 Figure E5 Correction curve for main steam pressure 77 Figure E6 Correction cu
40、rve for steam enthalpies. 78 Figure E7 Correction for final moisture ofexternal separator 79 Figure E8 Correction curve for reheaterterminaldifference 80 Figure E9 Correction curve for exhaust pressure 81 Figure E10 Correction for condenser coolingwater flow and inlet temperature 82 Page Figure E11
41、Correction curve for main condensate subcooling 83 Figure E12 Correction curve for final feedwater temperature 84 Figure E13 Correction curve for reheater desuperheating water 85 Figure E14 Correction curve for pressure losses 86 Figure E15 Correction curve for terminal differences 87 Figure E16 Cor
42、rection curve for steam subflows 88 Figure E17 Correction curve for water subflowsand enthalpy rise in feedpump 89 Table I Maximum deviations and fluctuationsinoperating conditions 21 Table II Acceptable instrumentation for acceptance tests and resulting average uncertainties 26 Table III Guiding va
43、lues for the uncertaintyoftest results 64 Table EI Mathematical formulations representing curves E1 to E17 90EN60953-2:1995 BSI 05-1999 5 Introduction The rapid development of measuring techniques, the increasing capacity of steam turbines and the introduction of nuclear power plants necessitated a
44、revision of IEC Publication46 (1962) regarding acceptance tests. Since all the needs of the power industry in the different parts of the world could not be satisfied by one single publication, the complete standard is divided into two parts, describing two different approaches for conducting and eva
45、luating thermal acceptance tests of steam turbines and which can be used separately: a) Method A, which is Part1 of the standard (IEC953-1), deals with thermal acceptance tests with high accuracy for large condensing steam turbines. b) Method B, which is Part2 of the standard (IEC953-2), deals with
46、thermal acceptance tests with a wide range of accuracy for various types and sizes of steam turbines. 1) Basic philosophy and figures on uncertainty Part1 provides for very accurate testing of steam turbines to obtain the level of performance with minimum measuring uncertainty. The operating conditi
47、ons during the test are stringent and compulsory. Method A is based on the exclusive use of the most accurate calibrated instrumentation and the best measuring procedures currently available. The uncertainty of the test result is always sufficiently small that it normally need not be taken into acco
48、unt in the comparison between test result and guarantee value. This uncertainty will not be larger than about0.3% for a fossil fired unit and0.4% for a nuclear unit. The cost for instrumentation and the efforts for preparing and conducting the tests will generally be justified economically for large
49、 and/or prototype units. Method B provides for acceptance tests of steam turbines of various types and capacities with appropriate measuring uncertainty. Instrumentation and measuring procedures have to be chosen accordingly from a scope specified in the standard which is centred mainly on standardized instrumentation and procedures, but may extend eventually up to very high accuracy provisions requiring calibration. The resulting measuring uncertainty of the test res
