1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPassive RF and microwave devices, intermodulationlevel measurementPart 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filtersBS EN 62037-5:2013National forewordThis British Standar
2、d is the UK implementation of EN 62037-5:2013. It is identical to IEC 62037-5:2013. Together with BS EN 62037-1:2012, BS EN 62037-2:2013, BS EN 62037-3:2012, BS EN 62037-4:2012 and BS EN 62037-6:2013, it supersedes BS EN 62037:2000, which will be withdrawn on 15 July 2015.The UK participation in its
3、 preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/46, Cables, wires and waveguides, radio frequency connectors and accessories for communication and signalling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to i
4、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 58421 3 ICS 33.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Th
5、is British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62037-5:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62037-5 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM April 2013CENELEC European Committ
6、ee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC member
7、s. Ref. No. EN 62037-5:2013 E ICS 33.040.20 Supersedes EN 62037:1999 (partially) English version Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters (IEC 62037-5:2013) Dispositifs RF et micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau
8、dintermodulation - Partie 5: Mesure de lintermodulation passive dans les filtres (CEI 62037-5:2013) Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des Intermodulationspegels - Teil 5: Messung der passiven Intermodulation in Filtern (IEC 62037-5:2013) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2
9、013-02-20. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may b
10、e obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and noti
11、fied to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
12、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 62037-5:2013EN 62037-5:2013 Foreword The text of document 46/409/FDIS, future editi
13、on 1 of IEC 62037-5, prepared by IEC TC 46 “Cables,wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and accessories“ wassubmitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62037-5:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has
14、 to be implemented at national level bypublication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2013-11-20 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-02-20 This document partially supersedes EN 62037:1999. Attention is drawn
15、 to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patentrights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62037-5:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a Eu
16、ropeanStandard without any modification. BS EN 62037-5:2013EN 62037-5:2013 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispens
17、able for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
18、EN/HDapplies. Year Publication EN/HD Title Year IEC 62037-1 2012 Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuringmethods EN 62037-1 2012 BS EN 62037-5:201362037-5 IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS 1 Scope . . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Abbreviat
19、ions . 5 4 General comments on PIM testing of filter assemblies 5 4.1 Sources of error: back-to-back filters . 5 4.2 Environmental and dynamic PIM testing 6 4.3 General test procedure . 7 5 Example test equipment schematics for filter testing . 7 5.1 General . 7 5.2 Transmit band testing . 7 5.3 Rec
20、eive band testing: dual high-power carriers . 8 5.4 Receive band testing: injected interferer . 10 Figure 1 Typical receive band PIM test set-up 6 Figure 2 Typical test equipment schematic for measuring transmit-band, forward, passive IM products on an N-port DUT using two high-power carriers . 8 Fi
21、gure 3 Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, forward, passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers 9 Figure 4 Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, reverse, passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers 9 Figu
22、re 5 Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers . 10 Figure 6 Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, forward, passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 11
23、 Figure 7 Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, reverse, passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 11 Figure 8 Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer
24、 technique . 12 Table 1 Summary table referencing example test equipment schematics for measuring PIM on filter-type devices 7 BS EN 62037-5:201362037-5 IEC:2013(E) 5 PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES, INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters 1 Scope
25、 This part of IEC 62037 defines test fixtures and procedures recommended for measuring levels of passive intermodulation generated by filters, typically used in wireless communication systems. The purpose is to define qualification and acceptance test methods for filters for use in low intermodulati
26、on (low IM) applications. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced doc
27、ument (including any amendments) applies. IEC 62037-1:2012, Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods 3 Abbreviations DUT Device under test IM Intermodulation PIM Passive intermodulation 4 General comments on PIM testing
28、of filter assemblies 4.1 Sources of error: back-to-back filters Testing filter assemblies for PIM may be error prone if certain precautionary guidelines are not followed. Since PIM can be a frequency-dependent phenomena, mathematically related to the harmonics of the input signals and combinations t
29、hereof, consideration should be given not only to the behaviour of the test set-up under fundamental stimulation, but also its harmonic performance. In particular, consider a receive-band PIM test set-up as shown in Figure 1. As shown, this set-up could be used to measure the PIM in a two-port devic
30、e under test (DUT); however, the accuracy of the measurement could be in question due to the back-to-back filters (diplexers) used. BS EN 62037-5:2013 6 62037-5 IEC:2013(E) Figure 1 Typical receive band PIM test set-up While the diplexers certainly appear as a matched load around the fundamental fre
31、quencies and receive-band IM products, they may be very poorly matched at harmonics of the fundamentals. A poor match will set up a standing wave at the harmonic frequencies which may re-illuminate any PIM sources within the DUT with higher-than-typical current densities. Furthermore, the measured I
32、M response will become highly dependent upon the electrical length of the DUT because the locations of the peaks and valleys of any standing waves will move with respect to the PIM sources as the electrical length of the DUT changes. 4.2 Environmental and dynamic PIM testing Environmental and dynami
33、c PIM testing, which may include placing vibrational or thermal stresses upon filter assemblies while concurrently measuring the PIM produced, may not give accurate or repeatable results. There are several significant factors affecting the results of these types of PIM tests. a) DUT/test system isol
34、ation it is highly desirable that any environmental and dynamic stresses placed upon a DUT be isolated from the test system such that there are no measurable residual effects. This not only addresses the practical issues of test system reliability and maintenance, but it directly affects the issue o
35、f measurement repeatability. That is, should a particular piece of the test system require replacement after a set number of trials, then the results of subsequent measurements may be skewed by the performance of the replaced part. b) Measurement repeatability it should be possible to repeat the res
36、ults obtained from a particular measurement within a specific precision. However, the inherent sensitivity of the PIM response may prevent a desired precision from being achieved. c) Stress repeatability the particular stress placed upon the DUT shall be repeatable both between tests upon the same D
37、UT and tests between different DUTs. However, in the experience of many, it is likely that the repeatability of the particular stress will be far worse than that of the particular PIM test results so that the standard specifying the stress may not be unnecessarily rigorous. Based upon these factors,
38、 measuring PIM from a filter assembly whilst it undergoes thermal or vibrational stresses is not currently recommended. A less vigorous form of dynamic testing may be performed on a filter assembly, in order to demonstrate that stability of the PIM level is maintained after certain vibrational stres
39、ses have been applied. This style of dynamic test can take the form of tapping the assembly with an instrument that will not damage the surface of the assembly, such as a length of nylon rod or hard rubber hammer. Back-to-Back filters (diplexers) Reverse- direction, Rx- band PIM 2-Port DUT High-powe
40、r Tx-band signals Diplexer Diplexer Low IM termination Forward- direction, Rx- band PIM To Rx-band receiver IEC 2477/12 BS EN 62037-5:201362037-5 IEC:2013(E) 7 4.3 General test procedure An appropriate test set-up can be selected from the example schematics described in Clause 4, according to the sp
41、ecific test requirements called for. The procedure is as follows: a) calibrate the test set-up for correct carrier signal level and IM receiver level as described in Clause 7 of IEC 62037-1:2012; b) connect the filter DUT in the test set-up; c) measure the IM performance of the DUT on the receiver.
42、The results obtained should be expressed in one of the forms indicated in Clause 8 of IEC 62037-1:2012. 5 Example test equipment schematics for filter testing 5.1 General Several example schematics are presented. Each figure corresponds to a particular test scenario as indicated in the matrix in Tab
43、le 1. It will be noted that some of the example schematics are modifications of the test configurations shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 of IEC 62037-1:2012. These modifications allow the operator to satisfactorily perform a range of tests which are more specific to the requirement of filter assemblie
44、s. It is imperative that the residual PIM level of the test system be verified prior to measurement of the filter assembly. It is strongly recommended that this level be at least 10 dB below the PIM level requirement of the filter assembly, in order to minimize errors due to the system itself. This
45、measurement can be carried out in the following example set-ups by precluding the DUT from the measurement system and monitoring the resultant PIM level under the normal test conditions. The only systems which deviate slightly from this are Figure 5 and Figure 8 and notes are provided for these two
46、set-ups, indicating the test point at which the system residual intermodulation distortion can be measured with the DUT removed. Table 1 Summary table referencing example test equipment schematics for measuring PIM on filter-type devices Tx band Rx band Measurement type 2 high-power carriers 2 high-
47、power carriers 1 high-power carrier + injected interferer N-port, forward IM Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 6 N-port, reverse IM Figure 4 Figure 7 N-port, receive port IM Figure 5 Figure 8 Figure 5 and Figure 8 outline equipment set-ups which measure the PIM present at a receive port of the filter assembl
48、y. These set-ups are distinct from those measuring PIM in the reverse direction (Figure 4 and Figure 7) and can give quite different results. It is therefore important that consideration is given to using the appropriate measurement system, in order to measure the required PIM performance. 5.2 Trans
49、mit band testing Passive IM testing within the transmit band is typically performed on isolators and other relatively high PIM components. For this test, two carriers are combined into a single transmission line and then passed through the DUT. Once these are through the DUT, it is advisable to sufficiently attenuate the two carriers to prevent the generation of active IM products and possible damage within the receiver. A low noise amplifier is typically not BS EN 62037-5:2013 8 62037-5 IEC:2013(E) require
